1、動名詞定義：動名詞是動詞的一種非限定形式， 兼有動詞和名詞的特征， 它可以帶賓語，也能被狀語修飾。 動名詞接賓語或狀語構成動名詞短語。 動名詞有時態和語態的變化?；拘问剑?由動詞原形家詞尾 -ing 構成，與現在分詞形式相同。動名詞已經名詞化了，而現在分詞常表示動作或狀態。如： a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（動名詞，表用途） a sleeping child 正在睡覺的孩子（現在分詞，表狀態）一、動名詞的句法功能動名詞具有名詞的性質，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。1、作主語1） 直接位于句首做主語。Reading is an art.讀書是一種藝術。Climbing

2、 mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering在.這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。注意：動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞為單數2）用 it 作形式主語，把動名詞 (真實主語 )置于句尾作后置主語。It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us勸.說這樣的人加入真是浪費時間。It

3、was hard getting on the crowded street car上.這種擁擠的車真難。It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。這種用法在習慣句型中常用，常用句型：It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure + v.ing注意：important，essential，necessary等形容詞后面不用動名詞（常用不定式）。3） 用于 “ There

4、be結”構中。There is no saying when he'll come很.難說他何時回來。There is no joking about such matters對.這種事情不是開玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history.歷史的車輪不可阻擋。常用句型： There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do注意：在 “There be句”型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語。4） 用于布告形式的省略結構中。No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (

5、here) ). 禁止吸煙。No parking. 禁止停車。5） 動名詞的復合結構作主語當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€物主代詞或名詞所有格，構成動名詞的復合結構。動名詞的復合結構也可以在句中作主語。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他們前來幫忙對我們來說是極大的鼓舞。Lao Li?s going there won?t be ofmuch help.老李去不會有多大幫助。2、作賓語（ 1）作動詞的賓語某些動詞后出現非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有： advise,

6、suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推遲 )， deny(否認 ), appreciate (欣賞，感激 ), escape, excuse, pardon, can?t stand, put off, give up 等。如：Would you mind opening the window?吧窗戶打開好嗎？She suggested

7、going to the Great Wall for the spring outing她.建議去長城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldn?t help laughing看.了這幅畫，他禁不住大笑起來。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.每當馬克違反交通規則時，他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。在下面這種結構中也可以用動名詞（短語）做賓語： find/think/consider（+形it式賓語） + no use/no good/useless.

8、ing+v（真正賓語） .I found it pleasant walking along the seashore在.海灘上走真是樂事。Do you consider it any good trying again?你認為再試一次有好處嗎？* 形容詞 worth 后也可接動名詞，作為復合謂語的賓語。The music is well worth listening to more than once.這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍。（ 2）作介詞的賓語* 能接動名詞的短語有： think of/about, dream of/about, hear of,prevent/keep/stop fr

9、om , dependseton,about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,insist on, be/get used to, devote to , look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend (in), feel like, prefer eadto of, instcase of等等。We are thinking o

10、f making a new plan for the next term.我們正考慮為下學期制定新的計劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我們休息呢還是開始干活？ Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.安好久以來就盼望著來中國。* 在下面的結構中，介詞 in ?？墒÷裕海?1） S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time

11、+ (in) +v.ing（ 2） S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing（ 3） S + be busy + (in) +V.ing（ 4） S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing （立即 ）We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet我.們正為馬上到來的運動會忙著做準備。Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English?要聽懂英語口語你有困難嗎？3、作表語動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或w

12、hat 引導的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關系，表示主語的內容，主語、表語可互換位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務就是擦窗戶。 (Cleaning the windows isyour task.)What I hate most is being laughed at我.最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(Being laughedat is what I hate most.)4、作定語動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：a walking stick a stick for walking=a stick which is us

13、ed for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping二、動名詞的復合結構帶有邏輯主語的動名詞稱為動名詞的復合結構。當動名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，要在動名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構成了動名

14、詞的復合結構。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動名詞復合結構在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當于一個主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us.他來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。(=That shecame to help encouraged all of us.)Jane?s being careless caused so much trouble簡.的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。(=ThatJane was careless caused so much trouble.)What?s troub

15、ling them is their not having enough food.煩擾他們的是食物不足。 (=What?s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)在口語中，如果動名詞復合結構作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時不能這樣來代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的電腦介意嗎？The father insisted on his son?s/his son going to college爸.爸堅決要求兒子上

16、大學。Mary?s (不可用 Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 瑪麗病了，使她媽媽很著急。His (不可用 Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽煙使他一家人非常生氣。例： I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.A you to call B you call C you calling D you?re calling（Key：C；換成 your calling 也對）在下列情況下動名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語：a.無命名詞The baby was ma

17、de awake by the door suddenly shutting這.個嬰兒被猛烈的關門聲吵醒。b. 有生命名詞但表示泛指意義Have you ever heard of women practising boxing?你聽說過婦女練拳擊嗎？c. 兩個以上的有生命名詞并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this?你記得你父母和我都告訴過你這事嗎？三、動名詞的時態和語態動名詞的時態和語態如下：主動語態、被動語態、一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done（一）時態1

18、、動名詞一般式：表示的動作通常是一般性動作，即不是明確地發生在過去、現在或將來的動作，或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或之后發生的動作。I hate talking with such people. 我討厭與這樣的人說話。Being careless is not a good habit粗.心不是一個好習慣。2、動名詞的完成式：表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前。I don?t remember having met him before我.記不得以前見過他。Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.謝謝你費力幫忙。He denie

19、d having taken any money from the cash register他.否認從現金出納機里拿了錢。（二）語態動名詞的邏輯主語同時也是動名詞動作的承受者，動名詞用被動語態。（ 1）它的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生，或在其后發生。如：I don?t like being laughed at in public.在公共場合下，我不喜歡被別人嘲笑。He came in without being asked.沒有誰請他進來他自己進來了。（ 2）它的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前。如：I am very pleased at your having been h

20、onoured with a medal我.很高興你能獲得這樣的獎牌。（ 3）在某些動詞，我們常用動名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前，這似乎是一種強大的習慣。如：Excuse me for being late.我來晚了請你原諒。I don?t remember evermeeting somewhere.我記不得原來在什么地方見過。Thank you for giving us so much help. 謝謝給我們這么大的幫助。（ 4）在多數情況下都避免使用動名詞被動語態完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其是在口語中。如：I forget once bein

21、g taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo我.曾被帶到過這個動物園，可我忘了。四、動名詞的否定式： not + V.ingI regret not being able to help you.我很抱歉不能幫助你。I apologize for not having waited for you. 沒有等你，我向你表示歉意。五、動名詞與動詞不定式的區別：1. 作主語或表語時：動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語， 在意義上相近， 但動名詞多用來表示泛指的抽象的動作或經常性的動作； 不定式多用來表示特指或具體的動作， 特別是將來的動作。比較：Smokin

22、g is not good for health.It is not good for you to smoke so much.My job is teaching English.Our task now is to increase food production.我們現在的任務是增加糧食產量。2. 在 like, hate, prefer 等動詞后：如果表示一般傾向， 多用動名詞做賓語； 如指特定的或具體的某次行為，用不定式更多一些。I like reading books in my spare time.I like to read that book.They prefer wa

23、lking to cycling.He prefers to stay at home today.3. 有些動詞后即可用動名詞也可以不定式做賓語 （如 like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, want, need, stop, remember, forget, try, attempt等）。有時區別不大，如：Let?s continue working/to work.When did you begin learning/to learn English?但有時兩種結構之間含義不同，如remember, forget, reg

24、ret, try, stop, mean, go on等。He tried speaking English to us.他試著用英語和我們講話。Please try to do it better next time.下次請設法做得更好些。This means setting out at once這.意味著立即出發。He really meant to come.他確實打算來的。4. 在表示“需要”意思的 want, need, require, deserve等動詞后：當主語表事物時，其后既可用動名詞的主動式也可用不定式的被動式表被動含義。My watch needs repairing

25、/to be repaired.The house wants cleaning/to be cleaned.The way deserves mentioning/to be mentioned.These young trees will require looking after/to be looked after carefully.5. 在 allow, permit, advise, recommend, consider, forbid等詞后，常用動名詞做賓語，用不定式做賓語補足語。We don?t allow smoking here.Her mother doesn?t a

26、llow her to stay up late.注意：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.眼見為實。六、動名詞與現在分詞的區別1?動名詞和現在分詞都可以用于系動詞之后作表語,區別方法是 :作表語的動名詞與主語指的是同一件事, 此時系動詞相當于 “是”,通常把主語和表語的位置互換 ,語法和意思不變 , 例如 :My hobby is swimming. 可改為 Swimming is my hobby.( 可將原句中的主語與表語位置互換 )現在分詞作表語主要用以說明主語的性質, 不能與主語互換位置 , 但可加 very,quite 等副詞修飾

27、，例如 :The story is (very) interesting. ( 不可改為 :Interesting is the story )動名詞作表語時，不可與進行時態相混淆，如：Her job is washing clothes. （動名詞做表語）She is washing clothes now.（現在進行時）2?動名詞和現在分詞都可以用作定語來修飾名詞,兩者的區別在于 :動名詞修飾名詞時主要表示該名詞的用途,而現在分詞修飾名詞時性質?狀態或動作等 ?試比較 :a swimming boy 和 a swimming suit前者的意思是 “一個正在游泳的男孩 ”,即 a boy

28、who is swimming ,現在分詞swimming 表示被修飾名詞 boy 的動作 ;而后者的意思是 “游泳衣 ”,即a suit for swimming , 動名詞 swimming 表示 suit 的用途 ?檢測練習1） Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A ）having been finedB） to have been finedC） to be finedD） being fined2）I really appreciate _ to help me， but I

29、am sure that I can manage by myself.A ） you to offerB） that you offerC） your offeringD ） that you are offering3） The thief took away the woman?s wallet without_。A ） being seenB） seeingC） him seeingD） seeing him4） No one can avoid _ by advertisements。A ） to be influencedB） being influencedC） influenc

30、ingD） havinginfluenced5） They are considering _ before the prices go up。A ）C）of buying the house B） with buying the house buying the house D） to buy the house6） If I had remembered _ the door, the things would not have been stolen。A ） to lockB） lockingC） to have lockedD）shavingslocked7） My transisto

31、r radio isn,t working 。 It _。A ） need repairingB） needs to repairC） needs repairingD） need to be repaired8） It is no use _ me not to worry。A ） you tellB） your tellingC） for you to have toldD） having told9） He is very busy _ his papers。 He is far too busy _ callers。A ） to write ；to receiveB） writing

32、；to receiveC） writing ；receivingD） to write ；for receiving10）The suspect at last admitted _ stolen goods but denied _ them。A ） receiving。 sellingB） to receive。 to sellC） to receiving。 to sellingD） to have received。 to have sold11） She apologized for _ to come。A ） her not being ableB） her being not a

33、bleC） not being ableD） that she?s not able to12） Please stop， boys， I have something important to _ you。A ）saying 。talk B ）telling 。sayC）talking 。speak D）talking 。tell13） Tony， would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _ his tape recorder？A ） to fix B ） fixing C ） for fixing D ） fix14）I remembe

34、r _ to help us if we ever got in trouble。A ） once offeringB） him once offeringC） him to offerD ） to offer him15）John regretted _ to the meeting last week。A ） not goingB） not to goC） not having been goingD） not to be going16） Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home？A ）going。to hav

35、eB）to go。to haveC）to go。havingD）going。have17） We had some trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _where it was。A ）C）in finding 。 knowing B） finding 。 to know to find。 knowing D ） to find 。 to know19）It is no good _ remember grammatical rules。 You need to practise what youhave learned。A ） trying toB ） to try toC） try t