1、解密20完形填空之說明文序號題型真題part 1解密高考考點綜述 備考建議part 2對點解密考點精準說1. 真題對點析1. 對點模擬練1.part 3強化集訓真題模測、典題模測part 1解密高考【考點綜述】高考完形填空題中，說明文是較難理解的一種文體，往往圍繞一個問題從不同的側面來加以說明，結構嚴謹，句子結構復雜，開頭點題，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象，一般按一定的順序展開，采用比較正式的文體，表述準確嚴謹，生詞術語較多，句子較長，結構較為復雜，遣詞用字簡練，并且條理清晰。【備考建議】1. 快速弄清文章大意結合選擇項，進行粗讀或略讀，了解文章大意。說明文往往生詞較多，而題材又比較

2、廣泛，所以閱讀時，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。2. 弄清楚說明的順序把握了說明順序，就能準確把握文章的脈絡，加強對整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的組織結構，理清事實細節把握語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達清楚的、邏輯比較嚴密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時，我們一定要仔細研讀文章的開頭和結尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結論。這時，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細節所迷惑，我們在理解細節的基礎上，還要斟酌文字的內涵意義，從而對文章進行深層次的理解。4. 注重上下文語境應逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項，對特定的語境作深入的理解，克服思維定勢，根據全文大

3、意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項填空。5. 熟練做題方法，遵循四個原則：（1）上下一致。每個選擇項必須從全文出發，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。（2）語法正確。從語法地角度去考慮動詞的時態、語態以及詞類用法。（3）邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時每個選擇項從語法上講都正確，但是有的是不合語境邏輯的。（4）符合搭配。英語中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。part 2對點解密【真題對點析】1（2012·上海高考真題）people on a college campus were more likely to give money to the

4、 march of dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. in another 9 , subway riders in new york saw a man carrying a stick stumble（絆腳） and fall to the floor. sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 10 ; sometimes he d

5、id not. in this situation, the victim was more likely to 11 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. in 12 these and other research findings, two themes are 13 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 14 assistance.in some situati

6、ons, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 15 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. the application was ready to be 16 , but had apparently been "lost". the photo attached to the app

7、lication was sometimes that of a very 17 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. the measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. results showed that people were more likely to 18 the application if the person in the photo was physica

8、lly attractive.the degree of 19 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. for example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. in one study, shoppers on a busy street in scotland were more likely to help a person we

9、aring a(n) 20 t-shirt than a person wearing a t-shirt printed with offensive words.whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. for example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 21 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because

10、 milk is thought more essential for 22 than cookies. passengers on a new york subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 23 rather than drunk.9astudybwaycworddcollege10ahandbarmcfacedback11arefusebbegclosedreceive12achallengingbrecordingcunderstandingdpublishin

11、g13aimportantbpossiblecamusingdmissing14aseekbdeservecobtaindaccept15aat firstbabove allcin additiondfor example16aprintedbmailedcrewrittendsigned17atalentedbgood-lookingchelpfuldhard-working18asend inbthrow awaycfill outdturn down19asimilaritybfriendshipccooperationdcontact20aexpensivebplainccheapd

12、strange21atimebinstructionscmoneydchances22ashoppersbresearchcchildrendhealth23atalkativebhandsomeccalmdsick9a10c11d12c13a14b15d16b17b18a19a20b21c22d23d【解析】【文章大意】研究表明，出于某種原因，我們更愿意幫助我們喜歡的人和我們認為值得幫助的人。9根據下文these and other research findings和in a field study提示，在另一份研究中，所以選a。【考點定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。10根據下文if his

13、 face was spotless提示。受害者臉上有一個巨大的紅色胎記。【考點定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。11根據下文are more likely to receive aid提示選receive。如果受害者的臉無污點的比有不引人注意的胎記更有可能獲得援助。【考點定位】考查動詞詞義及語境理解。12此處challenge挑戰； record記錄；understand理解，了解；publish出版。在了解這些和其他研究結果過程中， 發現兩個重要的主題。【考點定位】考查動詞詞義及語境理解。13此處important重要的； possible可能的； amusing 娛樂的； missing失去

14、的。在了解這些和其他研究結果過程中， 發現兩個重要的主題。【考點定位】考查形容詞詞義及語境理解。14deserve意為“值得”。因為某種原因我們更愿意幫助我們喜歡的人和我們認為值得幫助的人。【考點定位】考查動詞詞義及語境理解。15下文舉列說明觀點：in some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以選d。【考點定位】考查介詞短語詞義及語境理解。16根據下文actually mailed it or not提示選mailed。意思是申請被郵寄。【考點定位】考查動詞詞義及語

15、境理解。17此處talented有才能的； good-looking好看的；helpful 有幫助的；hard-working勤奮的。附在申請上的照片一張是相貌好看的、一張不太有吸引力的人。【考點定位】考查形容詞詞義及語境理解。18結果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人們更可能遞送這個申請。send in意為“遞送”。【考點定位】考查動詞短語含義及語境理解。19在潛在的助手和有需要的人之間的相似程度也很重要。【考點定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。20此處expensive昂貴的； plain 普通的； cheap便宜的； strange奇怪的。穿著t恤上印上挑釁的話和穿著樸素的t恤的人相對比，

16、人們更愿意幫助穿著樸素t恤的人。plain意為“簡樸的;樸素的”。【考點定位】考查形容詞詞義及語境理解。21此處time 時間； instructions 說明；money 錢； chances機會。根據常識應該給錢買牛奶。【考點定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。22對健康來說，牛奶被認為比餅干更不可缺少。【考點定位】考查名詞詞義及語境理解。23此處talkative 健談的；handsome英俊的； calm平靜的； sick有病的。生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到幫助。【考點定位】考查形容詞詞義及語境理解。【對點模擬練】1us scientists say they have bred a ge

17、netically modified (gm) mosquito that can resist malaria(瘧疾) infection. if the lab technique 1in the field, it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 2malaria to humans, they say. the scientists put a new "resistance" 3into the mosquitos own dna, using a g

18、ene editing method called crispr.and when the gm mosquitoes mated their later generation inherited the 4resistance, pnas journal reports. in 5, if these mosquitoes bite people, they should not be able to 6on the parasite(寄生蟲) that causes malaria.about 3.2bn people almost half of the w

19、orlds population are at 7of malaria. bed nets can help 8the insects biting and drugs can be given to anyone who 9the infection, but the disease 10kills around 580 000 people a year.scientists have been searching for new ways to 11malaria. the university of california team be

20、lieve their gm mosquitoes could play a key role  12resistant offspring to replace malaria-carrying mosquitoes. they took a type of mosquito found in india on which to 13.dr. anthony james and his team showed that they could give the 14new dna code to make it a 15host for the mala

21、ria parasite. the dna was inherited by almost 100% of the mosquito offspring and across three 16.mosquito larvae(幼蟲) can be genetically modified to carry 17new genes, such as resistance to the plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. the researchers say the findings offer 18that the s

22、ame method could also work in other mosquito 19.20it would not be a sole solution to the malaria problem, it would be a useful additional weapon, they say. 1. a. countsb. mattersc. appliesd. works2. a. spreadingb. sendingc. makingd. turning3. a. medicineb. methodc. gened. equipment4. a. greatb.

23、 samec. powerfuld. healthy5. a. practiceb. particularc. generald. theory6. a. carryb. takec. passd. depend7. a. topb. riskc. mercyd. rate8. a. stopb. improvec. denyd. get9. a. matchesb. catchesc. resistsd. misses10. a. fairlyb. quitec. stilld. just11. a. getb. findc. shelterd. fight12. a. breedingb.

24、 feedingc. educatingd. assisting13. a. baseb. countc. experimentd. blame14. a. personb. fellowc. plantd. insect15. a. strongb. poorc. friendlyd. good16. a. methodsb. countriesc. varietiesd. generations17. a. usefulb. doubtfulc. thoughtfuld. wonderful18. a. beliefb. opinionc. hoped. fact19. a. specie

25、sb. membersc. drugsd. surroundings20. a. becauseb. oncec. befored. although【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。美國科學家聲稱他們已經培育出一種能抵抗感染的轉基因蚊子,如果這項實驗室技術起作用的話,它可以提供新的方法阻止蚊子把瘧疾傳染給人類。1. d考查動詞辨析。此處表示如果這項實驗室技術在實地起作用的話,它可以提供新的方法阻止蚊子把瘧疾傳染給人類。count"重要",matter"要緊",apply"應用",work"產生作用"。故選d。2. a考查

26、動詞辨析。參考上題解析可知,此處表示把瘧疾傳染給人類。故選a。spread"傳播,(使)蔓延"send"發送"make"制造"turn"翻轉"。3. c考查語境選詞。由首句信息"us scientists say they have bred a genetically modified (gm) mosquito that can resist malaria(瘧疾) infection"可知,他們的做法是使用一種叫作crispr的基因編輯法,把一種新的具有抵抗作用的基因植入蚊子自己的dna。

27、故選c。gene"基因"。4. b考查形容詞辨析。由語境中的關鍵詞inherited可知應用same。此處表示轉基因蚊子交配后,他們的后代繼承相同的基因。great"偉大的"same"相同的,同一的"powerful"強大的"healthy"健康的"。5. d考查語境選詞。由上文中的"if the lab technique 1(works) in the field, it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects fr

28、om 2(spreading) malaria to humans"可知,這只是理論上的設想,故選d,in theory"在理論上"。in practice"實際上" in particular"特別,尤其"in general "總的說來"。6. c考查動詞短語辨析。由第一段第二句中的"it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 2 (spreading)malaria to humans"可知,科學家的主

29、要目的是阻止蚊子傳播導致瘧疾的寄生蟲。故選c,pass on"傳給"。7. b考查語境選詞。由下文中的"kills around 580 000 people a year"可知,此處表示大約32億人,約世界人口的一半有患瘧疾的危險。故選b,at risk of"有的危險"。8. a考查生活常識。根據常識可知蚊帳的用途是幫助阻止蚊子咬人。故選a。improve"改善",deny"拒絕",get"得到,獲得",均不符合題意。9. b考查生活常識。根據語境可知,感染上瘧疾的人需要

30、用藥。此處catch 表示"得病,染疾"。match"配對",resist"抵制",miss"錯過",均不符合題意。10. c考查副詞辨析。由轉折連詞but可知用still"仍然"。雖然蚊帳有助于阻止昆蟲叮咬,而且我們可以給那些感染疾病的人用藥,但是瘧疾每年仍然使得大約580 000人喪生。fairly"相當地"quite"十分"just"僅僅,只是"。11. d考查動詞辨析。科學家們一直在尋找與瘧疾做斗爭的方法。get"得到

31、,獲得"find"發現,找到"shelter"保護"fight"與做斗爭"。故選d。12. a考查動詞辨析。由空格前的"gm mosquitoes could play a key role"以及空格后的賓語"resistant offspring"可知,此處表示培育具有抵抗作用的蚊子后代。句意:加利福尼亞大學的工作組相信他們的轉基因蚊子可以發揮關鍵作用培育具有抵抗作用的蚊子后代來取代攜帶瘧疾(病毒)的蚊子。13. c考查語境選詞。由上下文可知這種做法是在實驗階段,因此用experim

32、ent。句意:他們選擇了一種在印度發現的蚊子進行實驗。base"以為據點"count"數數"experiment"做試驗,進行實驗"blame"責怪"。14. d考查生活常識。蚊子是一種昆蟲,所以用insect。fellow"家伙,同類"plant"植物"insect"昆蟲"。15. b考查形容詞辨析。此處表示anthony博士和他的隊友表明他們可以給這種蚊子新的dna碼以使其成為瘧疾寄生蟲弱性攜帶者,故答案為poor。16. d考查語境選詞。這種基因幾乎

33、100%由蚊子后代繼承而且在三代內遺傳。method"方法"country"國家"variety"不同種類,多種式樣"generation"代,一代"。故選d。17. a考查形容詞辨析。科學家們培育轉基因蚊子的目的是造福人類,因此這種新的基因是有用的(useful)基因。doubtful"懷疑的"thoughtful "體貼的"wonderful"絕妙的,精彩的"。18. c考查名詞辨析。研究者稱這些調研結果為將同樣的方法用于其他種類的蚊子提供了希望,故選

34、c。belief"信念",opinion"觀點",fact"事實"。19. a考查名詞辨析。此處指和印度蚊子相對應的其他種類(species)的蚊子。species"種,物種",member"成員",drug"藥",surroundings"環境"。20. d考查從屬連詞的用法。此處表示盡管不是解決瘧疾問題的唯一方法,但將會是一種有用的附加武器,上下文之間有邏輯上的讓步關系,故選d。【真題對點析】2(2016·上海)in the 1960s, d

35、ouglas mcgregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous theory x and theory y. theory x is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. theory y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.in any case, de

36、spite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to theory x. they believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. this, of course, makes for authoritarian (專制的) managers.different

37、cultures have different ways of 5 people. unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. this is management by the collective opinion. many

38、 western companies have tried to imitate such asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.a recent trend has been to e

39、ncourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. this empowerment (授權) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. after de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of s

40、enior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and tha

41、t operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the internet work on projects from their own houses. project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they prod

42、uce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.1. a. desireb. seekc. losed. dislike 2. a. contraryb. expectationc. degreed. extreme 3. a. vice versab. for examplec. howeverd. otherwise4. a. outsideb. insidec. belowd. above 5. a. replacingb. assessingc. managingd. encouraging 6.

43、a. referb. contributec. objectd. apply7. a. agreementb. practicec. electiond. impression8. a. bossyb. experiencedc. westernd. male 9. a. askingb. trainingc. warningd. firing 10. a. doublingb. maintainingc. reducingd. estimating 11. a. honored b. leftc. crowdedd. compared12. a. economicallyb. traditi

44、onallyc. inadequatelyd. occasionally 13. a. denyb. admitc. assumed. ensure14. a. virtualb. ineffectivec. day-to-dayd. on-the-scene15. a. opinionb. riskc. performanced. attractiveness【文章大意】本文是說明文，介紹了現代社會中一種新型管理理論授權管理及其作用。1. d 根據后半句.will do anything to avoid it可知人們本能上不喜歡工作，他們為逃避工作可以做任何事情。故d項正確。2. a to

45、 the contrary相反的；to the degree在某種程度上；to the extreme走向極端。此處是說，無論如何，盡管很多證據與這個理論相反，很多管理人仍然同意x理論。故a項正確。3. b 由后面的例子他們認為如果要員工效率高，就需要給予他們不斷的監督可知此處是舉例說明。故b項正確。4. d 根據后句可知，此處是說，他們的決定是來自上而下的，沒有任何商量的余地。故d項above上面的正確。5. c 根據前段可知本文討論的是管理學的理論，此處是說，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故c項正確。6. b refer to提到，談到；contribute to做貢獻，導致；obje

46、ct to反對；apply to適用于。此處是說，亞洲人使用的是協商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求對管理的過程作出自己的貢獻。故b項正確。7. a agreement同意；practice練習，做法；election選舉；impression印象。此處是說，亞洲人使用協商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同協商的基礎上的，西方人也想模仿這樣的管理方法。故a項正確。8. d 根據前半句.women will become more effective managers than men.可知有些專家認為女性比男性管理更高效，因為女性更有親和力，比男性管理人更容易與別人達成一致的目標。故d項正確。9.

47、 a 根據前句. encourage employees to use their own initiative. （鼓勵員工使用自己的首創精神），也就是說在作出決定的時候不用先請示上級經理。故a項正確。10. c 根據the trend towards downsizing（縮小規模的趨勢）可知，也就是要減少管理層的數量，可以直接作出決定而不需要請示上級，故動詞reduce減少符合語境。11. b be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with擠滿；be compared with與相比，通過這種方法，公司只剩下高層管理者和與公眾直接

48、聯系的一線管理人，省略了很多中央環節，提高了管理的成效。故b項正確。12. b economically經濟地；traditionally傳統地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶爾地。根據后句empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授權管理是一種新型的管理方法，與傳統的管理模式不一樣。故b項正確。13. d deny否認；admit承認；assume假定，設想；ensure保證，確保。授權管理是一種新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理環節，保證了整個商業計劃被采用。根據句意可知d正確

49、。14. a virtual虛擬的；ineffective無效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene現場的。根據后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the internet work on projects from their own houses可知在這種新型的管理方法中，人們都是通過郵件和網絡聯系，說明這是一種新型通過虛擬網絡進行管理的方法。故a項正確。15. c opinion觀點；risk冒險；performance表現；attractiveness魅力。根據后半句in terms of what t

50、hey produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知我們評價員工的表現是根據他們的產品，而不是他們的工作時間。故c項正確。【對點模擬練】2in terms of the original data in every way, the chinese new year spring festival is the largest human event on the planet. in the seven 1of the lunar new year, chinese are exp

51、ected to 2more than $100 billion on eating and shopping almost twice as much as americans spend on thanksgiving. 3, chinese predictably buy railway tickets online 4a rate of more than 1 000 per second.but its 5millions of chinese people go home for the spring festival during &quo

52、t;chunyun". all these 6take place at this time.transport networks have set 7highs for "chunyun" numbers almost every year for the past decade, the council(國務院)said.authorities expect travelers to make 356 million trips by 8during this years "chunyun" period. t

53、aking the strain for the transportation is 9chinas high-speed railway network, now 10to 20 000 kilometers the worlds longest. chinas total rail network 11more than 121 000 kilometers, the second largest in the world after the united states.the "chunyun" 12isnt just a wo

54、nder of logistics(組織工作); it also shows how modern china is 13.trains are packed with thousands of snoozing(打盹) 14, reflecting education reforms that have greatly 15the number of university places over the past decade.16dressed office girls in high heels can be seen picking their way t

55、hrough 17on their way home, which is a product of the mass migration of rural people to chinas coastal cities in search of 18jobs in service industries and factories.many of chinas new middle classes will opt to drive private cars and traffic jam is now a(n) 19feature of the holiday p

56、eriod.many others, however, will choose to 20the confusion altogether and take a vacation abroad increasingly an option for the new generation in china.1. a. daysb. weeksc. monthsd. years2. a. costb. spendc. taked. pay3. a. moreoverb. thereforec. otherwised. however4. a. forb. onc. tod. at5. a.

57、 whyb. wherec. whend. how6. a. privilegesb. journeysc. organizationsd. wonders7. a. fairb. goodc. niced. new8. a. airb. seac. raild. road9. a. differentlyb. mainlyc. clearlyd. frequently10. a. increasedb. resistedc. promotedd. opposed11. a. controlsb. reachesc. aimsd. shoots12. a. environmentb. requ

58、irementc. phenomenond. circumstance13. a. findingb. expectingc. obtainingd. changing14. a. leadersb. workersc. studentsd. colleagues15. a. declinedb. expandedc. failedd. started16. a. gratefullyb. impatientlyc. practicallyd. beautifully17. a. playgroundsb. streetsc. fieldsd. stations18. a. better-paidb. well-donec. helplessd. fearless19. a. regularb. strangec. importantd. necessary20. a. developb. escapec. leaved. carry【語篇解讀】具有中國元素的說明文符合高考完形填空的選材趨勢。中國的春運創世界之奇跡,也是中國人津津樂