1、第三章 名詞和冠詞的翻譯名詞的增譯o一、抽象名詞后增譯名詞，使之更符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。oe.g. Depressing pumps provides an ideal for chemical applications.o壓縮泵是化工應(yīng)用的理想(設(shè)備)。o二、具體名詞后增譯名詞。oe.g. This is “good” ozone because it protects us from the suns UV rays.o這是良性臭氧，因?yàn)樗Ｗo(hù)我們免遭太陽(yáng)紫外線(的傷害)。o練習(xí)：o1. Metals differ in the ease with which they give up elect

2、rons and enter into chemical combination.o金屬放出電子和參與化學(xué)反應(yīng)的難易(程度)不一。o2. The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.o比較(結(jié)果)表明，誤差是由于名稱不同造成的。名詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯（譯成其他詞性的詞）o如：oThe two sides made no mention of the mode of transportation in their talk.o雙方在商談中沒(méi)提到運(yùn)輸方式。（名詞譯為動(dòng)詞）o-We have discussed the passage of

3、an electric current through liquid solutions of acids, bases, and salts.o我們已經(jīng)討論了電流通過(guò)酸、堿、鹽溶液的情況。（名詞譯為動(dòng)詞）o-Disposing of the “ash” is an necessity for these reactors.o對(duì)這些反應(yīng)堆來(lái)說(shuō)，處置“灰渣”是必要的。（名詞譯為形容詞）o練習(xí)：o1. Air travel has become faster and faster, but sometimes there is a need for traveling slowly and eve

4、n for stopping in mid air.o空中飛行變得越來(lái)越快，但有時(shí)也需要飛得很慢，甚至停在半空。o2. My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.o我的觀點(diǎn)是這一代人經(jīng)常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。o3. The experiment was a success.o這個(gè)試驗(yàn)是成功的。o4. Physical changes do not result in formation of new substa

5、nces, nor do they involve a change in composition.o物理變化不生成新物質(zhì)，也不改變物質(zhì)的成分。冠詞的譯法o一、不定冠詞一般譯為“一”，當(dāng)表示類別時(shí)常常省當(dāng)表示類別時(shí)常常省譯譯，如：oMercury is also a metal, although it is in the liquid state.o汞也是金屬，盡管它是液態(tài)的。二、具有“某個(gè)”、“某一”含義時(shí)，譯為“一”需加上不同的量詞oEnergy can be transformed form a form into another one.oThere is an electronic

6、 microscope in our institute.三、具有數(shù)字概念，表示數(shù)量譯為“一”oA calorie is defined as the quantity of heat required at one atmosphere to raise the temperature of on gram of water through 10C.oAn ohm is a volt per ampere.四、表示單位，相當(dāng)于per,譯為“每”oThe speed of this electric machine is 3000 rotations a minute. oThe clock

7、gains five seconds a day.五、表示“同一”oThese electronic computers come out form a factory. 定冠詞的翻譯o定冠詞一般可譯為“該”，“這（個(gè)）”等，當(dāng)表類別時(shí)常省譯，如：o-Both the instruments are good in quality.o這兩臺(tái)儀器的質(zhì)量都很好。o-The voltage between the base and the emitter is small.o基極與發(fā)射極之間的電壓很小。（省譯the）oThe two devices are of a sizeoThe machine

8、s have been well lubricated.復(fù)指不定冠詞或不定代詞時(shí)，不能省譯oThere is a new-type electric machine in the workshop. The machine works well.受限制性定語(yǔ)，如限制性定語(yǔ)從句或限制性后置定語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)修飾的名詞前時(shí)，不可省譯oWe must use the outlets solely for maintenance purposes.o=We must use the outlets which are designed solely for maintenance purposes. o練習(xí)：o

9、1. A polymer is a substance of high molecular weight.o聚合物是一種分子量很大的物質(zhì)。o2. These machines may be oiled once or twice a month.o每個(gè)月可給這些機(jī)器上一到兩次油。o3. The engine drives the wheels of the car.o發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)汽車車輪。o4. A salt results when a metal takes the place of the hydrogen in an acid.o當(dāng)酸中的氫被金屬取代之后，就生成鹽。o5. Up to n

10、ow, it is only the rocket which can propel a space vehicle.o迄今為止，只有這種火箭才能推進(jìn)太空飛行器。Homework:o1.Other factors affect the configuration of the total system.o2.In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.o3. Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man.o4. It is cust

11、omary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity.o5. The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling.o6. He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.o7. A key element in systme capacity planning is the

12、 financial cost of performance.o8. The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set. o9.The flame does not touch the flask directly.o10. The study of the strength of solids involves the study of the defects in the crystalline structure.o11. The problem was solved by the provision of a compensating jet.o12. The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmos