1、常用經濟類詞匯：economist 經濟學家socialist economy 社會主義經濟capitalist economy 資本主義經濟collective economy 集體經濟planned economy 計劃經濟controlled economy 管制經濟rural economics 農村經濟liberal economy 自由經濟mixed economy 混合經濟political economy 政治經濟學protectionism 保護主義autarchy 閉關自守primary sector 初級成分private sector 私營成分,私營部門public s

2、ector 公共部門,公共成分economic channels 經濟渠道economic balance 經濟平衡economic fluctuation 經濟波動economic depression 經濟衰退economic stability 經濟穩定economic policy 經濟政策economic recovery 經濟復原understanding 約定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特爾rate of growth 增長economic trend 經濟趨勢economic situation 經濟

3、形勢infrastructure 基本建設standard of living 生活標準,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 購買力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣underdevelopment 不發達underdeveloped 不發達的developing 發展中的 initial capital 創辦資本frozen capital 凍結資金frozen assets 凍結資產fixed assets 固定資產real estate 不動產,房地產circulating capital, working capital 流

4、動資本available capital 可用資產capital goods 資本貨物reserve 預備金,儲備金calling up of capital 催繳資本allocation of funds 資金分配contribution of funds 資金捐獻working capital fund 周轉基金revolving fund 循環基金,周轉性基金contingency fund 意外開支,預備金reserve fund 預備金 buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準基金sinking fund 償債基金investment 投資,資產investor 投資人self-fin

5、ancing 自籌經費,經費自給bank 銀行current account 經常帳戶 (美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帳戶 (美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票crossed cheque 劃線支票travellers cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)endorsement 背書transfer 轉讓,轉帳,過戶mone

6、y 貨幣issue 發行ready money 現錢cash 現金ready money business, no credit given 現金交易,概不賒欠change 零錢banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付現金domestic currency, local currency 本國貨幣convertibility 可兌換性convertible currencies 可自由兌換貨幣exchange rate 匯率,兌換率foreign exchange 外匯floating exchange rate 浮動匯率free exc

7、hange rates 自由匯兌市場foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券hard currency 硬通貨speculation 投機saving 儲裝,存款 depreciation 減價,貶值devaluation (貨幣)貶值revaluation 重估價runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮capital flight 資本外逃securities business 證券市場stock exchange 股票市場stock exchange corporation 證券交易所stock exchange 證券交

8、易所,股票交易所quotation 報價,牌價share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股東dividend 股息,紅利cash dividend 現金配股stock investment 股票投資investment trust 投資信托stock-jobber 股票經紀人stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司securities 有價證券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 優先股income gain 股利收入issue 發行股票par value 股面價格, 票

9、面價格bull 買手, 多頭bear 賣手, 空頭assigned 過戶opening price 開盤closing price 收盤hard times 低潮business recession 景氣衰退doldrums 景氣停滯dull 盤整ease 松弛raising limit 漲停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 債券Wall Street 華爾街 short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權人creditor 債權人debtor 債務人,借方borrower 借方,借款人

10、borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現,折扣rediscount 再貼現annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務funded debt 固定債務,長期債務floating debt 流動債務drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助

11、金,津貼cost 成本,費用expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 營業間接成本overheads 雜項開支,間接成本operating costs 生產費用,營業成本operating expenses 營業費用running expenses 日常費用,經營費用miscellaneous costs 雜項費用overhead expenses 間接費用,治理費用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費用,養護費用transport costs 運輸費用social charges 社

12、會負擔費用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用apportionment of expenses 分攤費用income 收入,收益earnings 利潤,收益gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,總利潤,利益毛額net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額average income 平均收入national income 國民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率yield 產量收益,收益率inc

13、rease in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 稅taxation system 稅制taxation 征稅,納稅fiscal charges 財務稅收progressive taxation 累進稅制graduated tax 累進稅value added tax 增值稅 income tax 所得稅land tax 地租,地價稅excise tax 特許權稅basis of assessment 估稅標準taxable income 須納稅的收入fiscality 檢查tax-free 免稅的tax exemption 免稅taxpayer 納稅人tax co

14、llector 收稅員 國民生產總值 GNP (Gross National Product) 人均國民生產總值 per capita GNP 產值 output value 鼓勵 give incentive to 投入 input 宏觀控制 exercise macro-control 優化經濟結構 optimize the economic structure 輸入活力 bring vigor into 改善經濟環境 improve economic environment 整頓經濟秩序 rectify economic order 有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively contr

15、ol inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 實在的 tangible 全體會議 plenary session 解放生產力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 舉措 move 實事求是 seek truth from facts 引進、輸入 importation 和平演變 peaceful evolution 試一下 have a go (at sth.) 精華、精粹、實質 quintessenc

16、e 家庭聯產責任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企業 invigorate enterprises 商品經濟 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 retail 發電量 electric energy production 有色金屬 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使負擔 be saddled with 營業發達的公司 going concerns 被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的 recepti

17、ve 增額、增值、增長 increment 發展過快 excessive growth 抽樣調查 data from the sample survey 扣除物價上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded) 實際增長率 actual growth rate 國際收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 總工資 total wages 分配形式 forms of distribution 風險資金 risk funds 治理不善 poor management 農業 farmi

18、ng 林業 forestry 畜牧業 animal husbandry 副業 sideline production 漁業 fishing 第一產業 primary industry 第二產業 secondary industry 第三產業 tertiary industry 生產資料 means of production 生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生產關系 relations of production 生產力 productive forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership 全民所有制

19、 ownership by the entire/whole people 社會主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership 厲行節約，反對浪費 to practice strict economy and combat waste 外資企業 foreign-funded enterprise 合資企業 joint venture 合作企業 cooperative enterprise 獨資企業 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 一個中心、兩個基本點one central task and two basic poin

20、ts 資本主義和社會主義并不是以計劃經濟和市場的多少來劃分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy. 初步建立社會主義計劃商品經濟新體制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. work/needs. 經濟結構改革。 reform in economic structure 剩余勞動力。 surplus

21、labor 經營機制 operative mechanism 發揮市場的調節作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 經濟和法律的杠桿 economic and legal leverages 經濟計劃和市場調節相結合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 計劃經濟和市場調節相結合的機制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation China Council for the Prom

22、otion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中國國際貿易促進委員會National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿易全國理事會Japan-China Economic Association 日中經濟協會Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國際貿易促進會British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國國際貿易促進委員會International Chamber of Com

23、merce 國際商會International Union of Marine Insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協會International Alumina Association 國際鋁礬土協會Universal Postal Union, UPU 萬國郵政聯盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關稅合作理事會United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯合國貿易與發展理事會Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經濟合作與開發組織E

24、uropean Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經濟共同體European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲自由貿易聯盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 歐洲自由貿易區Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經濟互助委員會Eurogroup 歐洲集團Group of Ten 十國集團Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十國委員會Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統籌委員會Ca

25、ribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA加勒比共同市場（加勒比自由貿易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市場Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由貿易聯盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM

26、 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關稅經濟同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非經濟共同體 英語教學常用的句子：1. 上課 (Beginning a class)(1) Lets start now. / Lets begin our class / lesson .(2) Stand up, please.(3) Sit down, please. 2. 問候 (Greetin

27、g)(4) Hello, boys and girls / children .(5) Good morning, class / everyone / everybody / children / boys and girls.(6) Good afternoon, class / everyone / everybody / children / boys and girls.(7) How are you today?3. 考勤 (Checking attendance)(8) Whos on duty today? / Whos helping this morning / today

28、?(9) Is everyone / everybody here / present?(10) Is anyone away? / Is anybody away?(11) Is anyone absent? / Is anybody absent?(12) Whos absent? / Whos away?(13) Where is he / she?(14) Try to be on time. / Dont be late next time.(15) Go back to your seat, please.(16) What day is it today?(17) Whats the date today?(18) Whats