1、Learning objectivesIn this unit you will: understand the relationship between migratory birds and coffee plantingtake a test on fast readinglearn to determine the topic of a reading passagelearn some interesting facts about insects第1頁/共50頁Unit overview Pre-reading discussionText analysisPost-reading

2、 discussionNotes to the textExercises Reading skills第2頁/共50頁Pre-reading discussion1.What do you think is the relationship between migratory birds and coffee according to the title?2.How much do you know about the ecology and ecosystem?3.What are the advantages of traditional coffee plantations?第3頁/共

3、50頁Text analysis第4頁/共50頁Determining the main ideaThe purpose of the text is to show _. a.how modern coffee cultivation supports migratory birdsb.why migratory birds like shade coffee plantations c.ways coffee plantations are undergoing changes d.the importance of conserving of migratory birds第5頁/共50

4、頁While-reading questions1.How many parts can the text be divided into? Whats the main idea of each part? 2.What is the relationship between migratory birds and shade grown coffee?3.What are the advantages of shade coffee cultivation?4.Why do people begin to adopt sun coffee production?5.What are the

5、 consequences of sun coffee production?6.How can migratory birds and coffee plantation be balanced?第6頁/共50頁Text structureParts ContentsMain ideas1113Migratory birds and traditional coffee plantation are closely related.21417 Productive sun coffee cultivation problems318 Advocates for a more bird-fri

6、endly coffee plantation第7頁/共50頁Part 1 Relationship between migratory birds and coffee 1.What is the relationship between migratory birds and shade grown coffee?2.What are the different ways of coffee cultivation？ 3.What are the advantages of shade coffee cultivation? 第8頁/共50頁Part 1 Relationship betw

7、een migratory birds and coffee 1.What is the relationship between migratory birds and shade grown coffee?They are closely related to each other. Migratory birds have found a good sanctuary in the shade coffee plantation.第9頁/共50頁Part 1 Relationship between migratory birds and coffee 2.What are the di

8、fferent ways of coffee cultivation?Shade coffee plantationSun coffee cultivation 第10頁/共50頁Part 1 Relationship between migratory birds and coffee 3.What are the advantages of shade coffee cultivation?Migrants habitatShade trees: commodities第11頁/共50頁Part 2 Sun coffee cultivation1.Why do people to adop

9、t sun coffee production?2.What are the consequences of sun coffee production?3.What are the environmental and social consequences?第12頁/共50頁Part 2 Sun coffee cultivation1.Why do people begin to adopt sun coffee production?The manner of sun coffee cultivation produces increased yields. 第13頁/共50頁Part 2

10、 Sun coffee cultivation2.What are the consequences of sun coffee production?It has resulted in major habitat change for the migratory birds in the past two decades.It requires chemical inputs and year-round labor, playing financial demands and need for credits on the growers.It brings about serious

11、environmental and social consequences. 第14頁/共50頁Part 2 Sun coffee cultivation3.What are the environmental and social consequences?Great soil erosionAcidification Higher amount of toxic run-offA loss of trees 第15頁/共50頁Part 3 Advocates for a more bird-friendly coffee plantationHow can migratory birds

12、and coffee plantation be balanced?The maintenance of migratory birds relies not only on the conservation habitats but also the quality of human- managed habitats. 第16頁/共50頁Notes to the text第17頁/共50頁Some migratory birds mentioned in the textredstarts 紅尾鳥紅尾鳥第18頁/共50頁Some migratory birds mentioned in t

13、he textblack-throated green warbler 黑喉綠鶯第19頁/共50頁Some migratory birds mentioned in the text parrots 鸚鵡鸚鵡第20頁/共50頁Some migratory birds mentioned in the textwood creepers砍林鳥砍林鳥第21頁/共50頁The main coffee countriesMexico 墨西哥Costa Rica 哥斯達黎加Colombia 哥倫比亞The Caribbean 加勒比地區第22頁/共50頁insecticide Para. 2, Line

14、 13countable a chemical used to kill insects 殺蟲劑 e.g. About 70% of the cocoa acreage is treated with insecticide.insecticide (殺蟲劑) = insect (昆蟲) + cide (殺死)herbicide (除草劑) = herb (草) + cide (破壞)fungicide (殺真菌劑) = fungi (真菌) + cide (殺死)第23頁/共50頁shade coffee Para. 2, Line 9Shade coffee, also known as

15、“shade-grown coffee”, is a form of the beverage produced from coffee plants grown under a canopy of trees.蔭栽咖啡第24頁/共50頁sun coffee Para. 3, Line 14Opposite to shade-grown coffee, sun coffee bushes are exposed to direct sunlight and require high inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as

16、 an intensive yearly work force. 無蔭栽咖啡第25頁/共50頁be compatible with Para. 5, Line 35 able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination 兼容的，可以并存的 e.g. Free enterprise, he argued, was compatible with Russian values and traditions.第26頁/共50頁rival Para. 10, Line 60transitivebe equal to in qu

17、ality or ability 相媲美 e.g. Many predict 1991 will rival the great vintage of 1965.第27頁/共50頁The Old World Para. 12, Line 66The Old World consists of Africa, Europe and Asia, regarded collectively as the part of the world known to Europeans before contact with the Americans. It is used in the context o

18、f, and contrast with, the new world (Americas).Map of the Old World第28頁/共50頁sound Para. 16, Line 90adjectivein good condition 健全的 e.g. When we bought the house, it was structurally sound.第29頁/共50頁make ends meet Para. 17, Line 101idiomto have enough money to cover expenses; to get by financially 維持生計

19、 e.g. I have scarcely enough money to make ends meet at the moment, let alone lend you any.第30頁/共50頁ponder Para. 11, Line 2transitivereflect deeply on a subject 深思；反復思考 e.g. Philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years.第31頁/共50頁Post-reading discussion1.How do shade coff

20、ee plantations help maintain a good environment for migratory birds?2.What are the potential dangers of modern coffee planting? 3.The text ends with a question. What is your answer? 第32頁/共50頁Reading skills第33頁/共50頁Understanding the topicA topic is the subject (who or what) the reading passage is abo

21、ut. It is usually discussed as a whole within a passage. Based on the topic the author expresses his idea. It can be the bigger one or a smaller one. As a big one it can cover the whole literature work, as a novel, an essay, a play, a film, etc. As a smaller one it covers only one part or paragraph

22、of a literature work. 第34頁/共50頁Identifying the topicJust as previewing helps you to understand the important ideas in a book, a unit or a chapter, identifying the topic of what you are reading helps you to focus on the general subject of a reading.第35頁/共50頁Finding the topicTopics are expressed in wo

23、rds or phrases. A title of a reading passage may be a topic. An issue that is discussed may be a topic. To find the topic of a piece of writing, you ask “what or whom is this passage about?” The answer will be the topic.第36頁/共50頁ExampleRead the following paragraph to see how the topic reflects the g

24、eneral subject of the sentences in a paragraph and how it can be stated in a few words.What can you hope to gain from a hobby? If you have ever had a hobby you enjoyed, you know the interest and pleasure it can give youBut hobbies have other advantages, too，that you might not think of at firstA hobb

25、y can give you the satisfaction of starting and carrying through a plan all on your ownSeeing a completed piece of your own work-a chair you have made or a scarf you have knitted gives you a special feeling of prideYou will discover too that when you have an absorbing hobby, you are able to spend ti

26、me alone quite happily第37頁/共50頁ExampleWhat do you think is the general subject of this paragraph? The first sentence in it raises a question and the rest of the paragraph tries to answer the question by giving a list of advantages of hobbies. Part of the first sentence can serve as the topic of the

27、paragraph: What to gain from a hobby. Or we can use fewer words to illustrate the topic, such as “advantages of hobbies.” 第38頁/共50頁Practice A1. Running is one of the best exercises of all. Next time you have to go to the store for a loaf of bread, try running instead of walking. You will be building

28、 up your leg muscles and giving your heart and lungs a good workout. Topic:advandages of running第39頁/共50頁Practice A2.There are many ways to invest your hard-earned savings cautiously. In fact，there are so many ways that it all becomes a little confusing. One way through the confusion, which financia

29、l advisers recommend, is to know what you want to achieve, know how much risk you are prepared to take and go from there. But which way? Two common answers to this question are investment funds and investment-led insurance for the long term. Topic:ways to invest your hard-earned savings第40頁/共50頁Prac

30、tice A3. A relationship is an invisible link that brings people closer. Cooperation and trust strengthen a good relationship, and help both sides grow and prosper. Topic:a relationship is an invisible link第41頁/共50頁Practice A4. The most important breakthroughs are coming in cancer, heart disease, bra

31、in afflictions such as stroke, and autoimmune diseases such as Type I ( juvenile) diabetes, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Here are some treatments that could reach patients within five to ten years. Topic:breakthroughs第42頁/共50頁Practice BRead the following paragraphs from Migratory Bir

32、ds and Coffee. Determine the topic of each by reading the entire paragraph carefully. Write the topic on the line.第43頁/共50頁Practice B1.In both North and Latin America, migratory birds have found a sanctuary in the forest-like environment of traditional coffee plantations. Even in very disturbed area

33、s, coffee plantations support good populations of migrants and other species that prefer or are restricted to forest habitats, such as redstarts and black-throated green warblers, and residents including parrots and woodcreepers. Topic:a sanctuary for migratory birds第44頁/共50頁Practice B2. However, be

34、cause of recent changes in coffee production and marketing, shade coffee plantations are a threatened habitat. In the past twenty years, coffee has begun to be grown with no shade canopy at 11. While this manner of cultivation produces increased yields, these cannot be kept for many years without in

35、tensive management (additions of chemical fertilizers and a range of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides). Topic:Shade coffee plantations a threatened habitat第45頁/共50頁Practice B3. While technified coffee may mean benefits to producers in terms of total crop output a condition which may not hold true over the long run, and already proven false in some areas where sun coffee is being grown In addition, conversion to sun coffee results in a loss of trees, which both provide “insurance”crops to the grower (e.g. fuel wood, timber, and other fruit trees plan