1、第第 8 講講 情態動詞與虛擬語氣情態動詞與虛擬語氣 1. Hows your new babysitter? We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. (2011浙江卷) A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 【答案及解析答案及解析】1. D考查情態動詞的用法。句意為“你的新保姆怎么樣？”“找不到更好的了。我們的孩子們都很喜歡她。”should應該；might可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。 2. Had I known about this computer

2、 program, a huge amount of time and energy _.(2010浙江卷) A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved 【答案及解析答案及解析】2. A考查虛擬語氣。根據句子的倒裝特征判斷此處是省略了if的虛擬語氣，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _. 句意為：如果我早知道這個電腦程序，就可以節省大量的時間和精力了。 3. “You

3、 _ have a wrong number，” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”(2010浙江卷) A. need B. can C. must D. would【答案及解析答案及解析】3. C考查情態動詞。情態動詞如果表示非常肯定的推測要用must。句意為：“你肯定打錯電話了，”她說，“我們這里沒有一個叫那個名字的人。” 4. The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.(2009浙江卷) A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. needn

4、t D. shouldnt【答案及解析答案及解析】4. D考查虛擬語氣。根據句子中的recommended(推薦)可知，從句應用“should 動詞原形” 表示虛擬，且此句為否定句。1. 情態動詞不能獨立作謂語，其后接動詞原形。2. 情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。3. 情態動詞一般沒有時態的變化。4. 情態動詞接動詞原形表描述現在或將來發生的動作或狀態(modal verb be / do, modal verb be doing)，情態動詞接動詞不定式的完成式表描述過去發生的動作或狀態(modal verb have done)。 情態動詞的基本用法 情態動詞情態動詞1準確把握情態動詞表允許、

5、推測、判斷等用法。2準確把握情態動詞在虛擬語氣句子結構中的使用。3wish，as if/though，if only，would rather從句，Its time從句等句型中的虛擬語氣。4表示“堅持、命令、建議、要求”的詞語后及各類從句中的虛擬語氣。5虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的倒裝。2012年高考將重點考查情態動詞表“推測和可能性、必要性、請求、允許、允諾”，非真實條件虛擬語氣和名詞性從句的虛擬語氣的運用。 1. can, could(1)表能力(be able to)。注意區別？(2)表許可may。請求允許時，用can或may,在給予別人許可時，常用can，但有時也用may。不能用migh

6、t。May I play basketball this afternoon?No，you may/can not.(3)表客氣的請求，could比can更委婉。(4)表推測，僅用于否定句和問句。肯定句中用什么？How could you do such a silly thing?Whose hand could it be? (5)(表示可能、許可)能夠；常考情態動詞的用法情態動詞情態動詞(6)cant / couldnt v. too adj. / adv. cant/couldnt+v.+adj./adv+enough 再怎么也不過分You cant be too careful wh

7、ile driving .cant / couldnt but do. Cant help but do 只好，不得不,不能不 cant help doing禁不住做2. may, might(1)表允許，許可can如：You may go home now, Susan. 常考情態動詞的用法情態動詞情態動詞(2)表可能性，may比might可能性更大。(3)may / might as well v. 最好，滿可以，倒不如You may as well wait till Tuesday and go on a fast train.(4)表祝愿，祈求。May you succeed！ (5

8、)(用于讓步狀語從句中)即使；無論。Whatever he may say，I dont believe him. 常考情態動詞的用法情態動詞情態動詞注 意 ： m a y 作 “ 可 以 ” 講 時 ， 其 否 定 式 常 用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必須”講時，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your car?No，you mustnt.(委婉的拒絕可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt

9、.3. must(1)(表示義務、必要性、命令)必須，得，要。You must do as you are told. 你必須按照吩咐去做。(2)表強烈的勸告。(3)表把握性很大的推測。(4)must not表禁止，不允許。表示禁止(用于否定句)You must not speak ill of others.Cars mustnt be parked here. 常考情態動詞的用法情態動詞情態動詞(5)must的一般疑問句的否定回答用neednt或dont have to。(6)(表固執，不滿等)偏偏，硬要，偏要表示與說話人愿望相反及不耐煩。Our threeyearold boy must

10、 do the opposite to what we ordered. Must you make so much noise?(7)(表必然性)必定。Everyone must die. 每個人都必定會死。常考情態動詞的用法情態動詞情態動詞4. shall(1)用于第一、三人稱表征求意見，請求指示。Shall I get some chalk?Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?He has come. Shall he wait outside or come in?(2)用于第二、三人稱， 表示說話人的命令、強制、允諾、威脅

11、或決心等， 多見于法律條文等文件中。Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon. (允諾) He shall be sorry one day. I tell you. (警告)Every driver shall be punished if he drives after drinking.常考情態動詞的用法情態動詞情態動詞5. should(1). should 作為情態動詞，通常用來表示現在或將來的責任或義務，譯作“應該”、“應當”，這時它可以和 ought to， be supposed to 互換使用。You s

12、hould （= are supposed to ） complete your test in time. You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once. In sum， theory should be combined with practice (2)(表驚訝、遺憾)竟然；居然。Its a pity that he should resign. 常考情態動詞的用法（4）表示可能性、推測、推論或期待)可能,該 表示對現在情況、將來情況的推測。 They should be home by now. The book

13、you need should be in our library. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. may B. can C. should D. would常考情態動詞的用法 6. will /would(1)表請求，would用疑問句多與you連用比will更委婉，客氣。Would you please tell me

14、 the way to Hongxing School?(2)表習慣性或反復性的動作，will指現在，would指過去的習慣used to。When I was young, I d listen to the radio?(3)表意愿或固執堅持，事情作主語表固有的性質 I told him to come,but he wouldnt come. The door wont open. 7.used to ,need, dare 的用法 Who is knocking at the door? It _ be Tom.He said he would come at this time. I

15、t _ be him. He has gone abroad. It _ be John, but I am not sure. Who _ it be? Got it ? It is Mary.mustmaycan cant肯定句： must, may 否定句,疑問句：cant , couldnt, may not1. 情態動詞表推測：對肯定,把握性很大情況的推測： must be /do(現在或將來) must be doing(說話時正在進行) must have pp. (已發生的或狀態)對否定情況的推測：can /could not be /do(現在或將來)cant /couldn

16、t be doing(正在發生的動作)can /could not have pp. (過去的動作或狀態)情態動詞的特殊用法 對不太肯定,把握性不大情況的推測： may （not） be/do(現在或將來)may （not） be doing(說話時正在發生動作)may （not） have pp. (已發生的動作或狀態)might （not） be/do(現在或將來)might （not） be doing(說話時正在發生動作)might （not） have pp. (已發生的動作或狀態)情態動詞的特殊用法2. 情態動詞的完成式：(1) could have done 本來能夠做而實際上未

17、做(2) might have done 本來可以做而實際上未做(3) should / ought to have done 本來應該做而實際上未做(4) ought not to have done /shouldnt have done 本來不應該做而實際上做了 (5) neednt have done 本來不必要做而實際上做了情態動詞的特殊用法情態動詞情態動詞if 虛擬條件句的形式 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣if 虛擬條件句的形式 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣注意：有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發生的時間不一致(表示錯綜時間的虛擬語氣)，這時動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間加以調整。如： If you h

18、ad_listened_to the doctor, you would_be_all right now. 如果你當初聽了醫生的話，身體現在就好了。(從句動作指過去，主句動作指現在) 1. 省略連詞if，將were, had或should提至主語前。如： Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做這事。2. 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。如： Without_air,_there would be no living things. 如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。But_for_your_help，I couldnt ha

19、ve done it. 要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。if 虛擬條件句的轉化 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. 假設的情況有時可以通過上下文或其他方式表現出來。如：I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. 我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。(如果我那天不忙的話，我就)I would_have_finished the work, but I have been ill. 我本來該完成這項工作的，但我生病了。(如果我沒生病的話，我就會完成)if 虛擬條件句的轉化虛擬語氣虛擬語氣4. 省去條件從句成主句

20、。如：You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自己洗衣服的。If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊！if 虛擬條件句的轉化虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 1. can可以作“有時候會”解，意思是平時或大部分時間不是這樣子，只是偶爾發生的事情。如： The climates of East China can_be pretty cold in winter. 華東地區冬天的氣候有時會相當冷。 2. 在“It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that”這類句型里，that所引導的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用 “should動詞原形”結構，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意義。如： It is important that every member (should)_inform himself of these rules.