1、2021/6/161Introduction to Intercultural Communication Chapter 122021/6/16Self introduction page of the course leader nProf. Zhu Xiaoshu (Ph.D.)nUniversity of International Business and Economics/ 32021/6/16Your final grade componentsnAttendance 10% nAssignments 30%nFinal exam 60%42021/6/16Questions

2、on the course participantsnIf you were asked to define culture, what definition would you give?n Have you thought of the possible difference between cross-cultural of intercultural communication?nHave you had any misunderstandings with foreign teachers and students, with whom you have contact? nWhy

3、do we need to study intercultural communication?52021/6/16Intercultural communication skills are essential for people todaynThe literature in international business is filled with examples of intercultural miscommunication and blunders, which show the results of miscalculating-or simply ignoring- th

4、e cultural dimension of international business. nMore and more people have come to realize the cultural impact and possible negative consequences that come from inappropriate communications during international transactions. 62021/6/16The objectives of this coursenTo identify and analyze cultural di

5、fferences so as to avoid such kinds of misunderstanding in international communication. nTo provide a framework for understanding of factors that influence intercultural communication.nTo help you develop effective strategies in dealing with potential cultural conflicts and improve your intercultura

6、l communicative competence. 72021/6/16Defining Intercultural Communication (ICC)nThe term first used by Edward T. Hall in 1959 and is simply defined as interpersonal communication between members of different cultures. nICC can include international, interethnic, interracial, and interregional commu

7、nication. 82021/6/16International communication nCommunication takes place between nations and governments rather than individuals. nIt is quite formal and ritualized. Dialogue at the UN.Dialogue between Chinese Chairman and American president.92021/6/16Interethnic communication nCommunication betwe

8、en people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds. Communication between a Tibetan and a Han 102021/6/16Interracial communication nIt occurs when the source and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races which pertains to physical characteristic. nIt may or may not be interc

9、ultural. Communication between whites and blacks in the U.S. 112021/6/16Interregional communication nThe exchange of messages between members of the dominant culture within a country. nThey share common messages and experiences over a long period of time, but live in different regions of the same co

10、untry. Interaction between southerners and northerners. 122021/6/16The features of intercultural communication nIt is a universal phenomenon. It occurs everywhere in the world. If you are receiving messages from another culture, you are involved in ICC. nCommunications between cultures has been goin

11、g on for thousands of years. Silk roadnIntercultural communication is a common daily occurrence.Foreign travelers, overseas students132021/6/16Four crucial developments that contribute to the rapid increase of ICCnImprovements in transportation technologynDevelopments in communication technologynCha

12、nges in mass migration patternsnGlobalization of the world economy142021/6/16International business nMultinational corporations annual sales are compatible to or greater than the yearly gross domestic product of most countries.nChinas share of the world trade has grown more rapidly with its trade vo

13、lume ranked the 3rd in the world. nOf the top 500 world enterprises, almost 450 have come to China for investment.152021/6/16ICC is becoming increasingly important nGlobalization of the worlds economy will challenge virtually all businesspersons to become more internationally aware and intellectuall

14、y adept. nThe major changes in Chinas society reinforce the fact that intercultural communication is becoming a daily occurrence and is becoming increasingly important. 162021/6/16Edward Hall the founder of ICCnEdward Hall conceptualized this new field of ICC in the early 1950s. nThe Silent Language

15、 (Hall, 1959) is considered the classic fundamental book of ICC study. 172021/6/16ICC has continued to prosper in the U.S. because nThe country is a land of immigrants from many diverse culturesnThere are thousands of new immigrants entering the country every yearnThe U.S. has large numbers of forei

16、gn students and touristsnThe American involvement in the global economy182021/6/16The development of ICCnThis new field of study originated in the U.S. in the late 1950s. nIt gained acceptance through training and testing practice in the 1960s and 1970s. nIt formed its basis framework in the late 19

17、70s. nIt has made great achievements in theory and practice ever since the 1980s both inside and outside of the U.S. nToday, ICC is widely acknowledged and extensively researched in all parts of the world. 192021/6/16ICC studies in China nICC was firstly introduced into China during the early 1980s

18、by some English teachers. nHu Wenzhong, a leading scholar of ICC in China nThe 5th International Conference on Cross-cultural Communication was held in Harbin, ChinanChina Association for Intercultural Communication was established in 1995. 202021/6/16ICC study in China grew from academic interest t

19、o theoretical research and practical implementation nVerbal communication the relationship between language and culture: vocabulary, syntax, pragmatic rules, discourse patterns and translationnNon-verbal communication nComparative study of customs and behavior patterns in China and other countriesnC

20、ultural differences in business managementnTraditional Chinese value orientations and their impact on modernization, etc. 212021/6/16The multidisciplinary nature of ICCnL-linguistics and languagenA-AnthropologynP-Psycholinguistics and PsychologynS-Sociolinguistics and SociologynE-Education and Engli

21、shnC-Communication studiesnC-Cultural Studies222021/6/16Elements of ICC studynPhysical time, environment, comfort and needs, and physical mediumnCultural- ethnic, religious, and social differencesnPerceptual- viewing what is said from your own mindsetnMotivational- the listeners mental inertianExper

22、iential- lack of similar life happeningsnEmotional- personal feelings of the listenernLinguistic- different languages spoken nNonverbalnCompetition-ability to do other things in communication 232021/6/16“stumbling blocks” in ICCnAssuming more cultural similarities than there actually are. nLanguage

23、differences are often a source of misunderstandingsnMisinterpreting each others non-verbal communication nHaving stereotypes and preconceptions about “foreignersnEvaluating what foreigners do and say before understanding what they meannHaving feelings of anxiety and stress in ICC, which may lead to

24、inaccurate conclusions. 242021/6/16Potential problems in ICCnAvoidance of the unfamiliarnUncertainty reduction nWithdrawalnStereotypingnPrejudicenRacismnMisuse of powernCulture shocknethnocentrism252021/6/16Stereotypes hamper ICCnThey are rooted in your compulsion to make in-group and out-group distinctions.nThey are oversimplified, over-generalized or exaggerated. nThey repeat and reinf