1、UnitlI Some scie ntists speculate the reduct ion in men tal function ofte n attributed to gett ing old may really be a pen alty of n eglect ing to stay physically active, in additi on to related factors such as medici nes and poor diet.I 一些科學家推測，除了藥物作用和飲食不當等因素外，大腦功能下降并非源于往常 以為的衰老，實際上它可能是對不注意保持體育運動的一

2、種懲罰。II If you venture just a little way into the woods, your menu can become even more varied. The roots of Jerusalem artichokes （耳B路撒冷洋薊 ）are often dug in spring and fall at the edges of woods, where the gro unds may once have bee n tilled or farmed.I如果稍微冒點險，進到森林不遠處，你的食譜就能變得更為多樣。在翻耕過的林地 邊緣，春秋季節會采到耶

3、路撒冷洋薊。I Un der U.S. law all alie ns seek ing admissi on are presumed to require an immigra nt visa uni ess they establish that they are en titled to receive a visa in one of the nonim migra nt categories.I根據美國法律，所有申請入境的外國人都會被認為是在申請移民簽證，除非他們能 夠證實自己有足夠的理由，是在申請一種非移民種類的簽證。II I believe that the stagi ng

4、of Turan dot in Beiji ng will further dem on strate that the arts,whether opera or film, are the best media for people of different cultures and historiesto co mmunicate with each other and to share their feelings and emotions” , said ZhangYimou, the director of the product ion.我相信，圖蘭多在北京上演，將進一步說明，無

5、論歌劇還是電影，藝術是不同文化和歷史背景的人們互相交流，分享情感的最佳媒介”，圖蘭多的導演張藝謀如是說。II I spe nt three or four hours on two short chapters-avori ng each paragraph, li ngeri ngover a senten ce, a phrase or eve n a sin gle word, buildi ng a detailed men tal picture of the scene.I書中的短短兩章，我就讀了三、四個小時。對每個段落，我都仔細品玩，一唱三嘆； 對每個句子、每個短語、甚至每個詞，

6、我都流連徘徊、依依不舍；書中勝景在我腦 海里歷歷如畫，一覽無余。Unit2午后便步行至鵲華橋，雇了一只小船，蕩起雙槳。朝北不遠，便到了歷下亭前。上 岸進去，入了大門，便是一個房子，油漆已大半剝蝕完了。II After lunch he walked to the Que Hua Bridge, where he hired a small boat and paddled along towards the north. Soon he reached the Li Xia Pavilion, so he stepped ashore and went in, and when he ente

7、red the gate he saw a house, the paint of which was practically all worn away.外婆最喜歡的是二舅。這不僅是五個兒女中二舅與外婆長得最像，而且他曾是外婆 的全部希望。那時外公先是失業在家，后來，又得病癱瘓在床，家境十分困難。而 二舅生性活潑，天資聰穎，從小就學習成績優異。所以，外婆便把家庭的全部希望 寄托在二舅身上，節衣縮食地供著二舅上學。I Of all the childre n, granny loved her sec ond son, my un cle, best. The reason is that h

8、e not only resembles her very much, but also represe nts all her hopes. During those days, with grandpa losing his job first and then becoming bed-ridden with paralysis, our family was living in straitened circumstances. Granny pinned all the hopes of the family on my uncle, who was vivacious by nat

9、ure and brilliant in his studies ever since his childhood,so she st in ted herself in order to provide him with an educati on.這小小的豆不像那好看的蘋果、桃子、石榴，把它們的果實懸在枝上，鮮紅嫩綠的 顏色，令人一望而生羨慕的心。它只把果子埋在地底，等到成熟，才容人把它挖出 來。你們偶然看見一棵花生瑟縮地長在地上，不能立刻辨出它有沒有果實，非得等 到你接觸它才能知道。I Un like ni ce-look ing apples, peaches, and pomegra

10、 nates, which hang their fruit on bran ches and win people s admirati on with their brillia nt colors, tiny little pea nuts bury themselves un dergro und and rema in un earthed un til they re ripe. When you come upona pea nut pla nt lying curled up on the ground, you can n ever immediately tell whet

11、her or not it bears any nuts un til you touch them.Unit31. 九歲時，母親死去。父親也就變了樣。偶爾打碎了一個杯子，他就要罵到使人發 抖的程度。后來，就連父親的眼睛也轉了彎，每從他的身邊走過，我就像自己的身 上生了針刺一樣：他斜視著你，他那高傲的眼光從鼻梁經過嘴角而往下流著。（蕭紅永久的憧憬和追求）I When I was nine Mother died and Father became eve n worse. If you accide ntally broke a small thing like a cup, he would

12、 throw such things as to make you shiver all over. His eyes would cast sideways gla nee. When ever I passed by him, he would eye me sideways with an arroga nt look stream ing dow n the bridge of his nose and off the corner of the mouth, making you feel as if pricked on n eedles.II 2. The view, espec

13、ially in early summer, is so pleasing that it s a pity they can t enjoy it.Wild roses blooming on fieldstone fences, fields white with daisies, that soft languorousair turning the mountains pastel blue out toward the West.那兒的景色非常怡人，尤其是在初夏時節。石柵籬上的野薔薇競相開放，田野被雛 菊染成一片白色，微醺的和風給群山抹上淡淡的藍色，一直向西邊延伸而去。先輩 們無法欣

14、賞這些美景，真是一樁憾事。II 3. Some pare nts simply cannot sta nd lett ing their baby cry un til he or she lear ns to fall asleep on their own, or whe n the baby awake ns in the middle of the ni ght. Most experts advice suggests this is shortsighted.I有些家長根本無法忍受嬰兒自己學會入睡之前的啼哭，或是半夜里嬰兒醒來時的啼哭。大多數專家的意見表明這是一種短見。Unit41

15、1I was up the next morning before the October sun rise, and away through the wildand the woodla nd. The rising of the sun was no ble in the cold and warmth of it; peep ing dow n the spread of light, he raised his shoulder heavily over the edge of gray mountain and waveri ng len gth of upla nd. Ben e

16、ath his gaze the dew-fogs dipped and crept to the hollow places, the n stole away the line and colu mn, holdi ng skirts and cli nging subtly at the shelteri ng corners where rock hung over grass-la nd, while the brave lines of hills came forth, one bey ond other glidi ng.第二天凌晨，在十月的太陽升起之前，我已經動身，并穿過曠野

17、和叢林。十月的清 晨乍暖還寒，日出的景象是很壯觀的。透過一片晨曦，朝日從朦朧的山崗和起伏連 綿的高低邊際，沉重地抬起肩頭。在它的逼視下，蒙蒙的霧氣向下沉降，落到洼地 里去，接著化成一絲絲一縷縷，悄然離去，而在草地之上懸崖之下的那些隱蔽角落 里，霧氣卻還在引裾徘徊，而群山的雄姿卻接二連三地涌現。II I take heart from the fact that, the en emy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take e

18、ven the outlying regions, because of the stiff resista nee that gets in the way.I敵人吹噓能在一兩個小時內占領戰略要地，卻受到了頑強的抵抗，現在連外圍地區 都沒有占領，這讓我深受鼓舞。Unit5N netee nth-ce ntury life had dealt the ten-year-old London lad a bad hand. While his father languished in debtorail, painful pangs of hunger gnawed at his stomach

19、. To feedhimself, the boy took a job pasting labels on blacking bottles in a grim, rat-infested warehouse. He slept in a dismal attic room with two other street urchins, while secretly dreaming of beco ming a writer. With only four years of schooli ng, he had little con fide nee in his ability. To a

20、void the jeering laughter he expected, he sneaked out in the dead of night to mail his first manu script.（by Willy McNamara）19世紀的倫敦，有個命運多舛的10歲男孩。父親還不起債被關進監獄備受煎熬，他自己常常餓得肚子陣陣發痛。為了糊口，他找到一份工作，在陰森森，老鼠出沒的一家倉庫里給黑 色鞋油瓶子上貼標簽。晚上他和其他兩個流浪兒在一間凄涼的閣樓里過夜，可是他卻一個人默默地夢想成為作家。他只上過4年學，對自己的能力并沒有多少信心。為避免可能遭到別人恥笑，夜深人靜時他悄悄溜出

21、去寄他的第一篇文稿。（見陳文伯譯藝：英漢雙向筆譯第152頁，稍有改動）Unit6（四）、英漢互譯中的語態轉換（翻譯練習） 英語民族注重客體思維，往往以客觀、冷靜的表達方式敘述事物，多采用被動式；漢語民族注重主體思維，強調“悟性”，重視“事在人為”和個人感受，在語言的使用上多用主動式。 因此，在英漢互譯時，要根據英漢語各自不同的特征進行相應的語態和句式的轉換，也稱換態譯法，或語態變換法。（四）、英漢互譯中的語態轉換（翻譯練習） 英語民族注重客體思維，往往以客觀、冷靜的表達方式敘述事物，多采用被動式；漢語民族注重主體思維，強調“悟性”，重視“事在人為”和個人感受，在語言的使用上多用主動式。 因此，

22、在英漢互譯時，要根據英漢語各自不同的特征進行相應的語態和句式的轉換，也稱換態譯法，或語態變換法。1、今天邀請大家來開座談會，目的是要和大家就高等院校的專業設置交換意見。You have been invited to this forum today to exchange ideas on specialties in colleges and uni versities.點評：當施事者無需言明時，漢語可用通稱“大家”，以保持句子的主動形式。在漢譯英時，應考慮英語的行文規范，變漢語的主動結構為英語的被動結構。2、如果資本主義制度在港臺得不到保障，那里的繁榮與穩定就不能維持，和平解決問題也 就

23、不可能了。If the capitalist system is not guaranteed in Hong Kong and Taiwan, prosperity and stability there cannot be mai ntai ned and a peaceful settleme nt will become impossible.點評：漢語原文采用當然被動式（“得不到保障”，“不能維持”），英譯時應轉換為被動形式。3、During the war years before the Liberation lots of children were saved by Comr

24、ade Sung Chin gli ng and the Chi na Welfare In stitute led by her.在解放前的戰爭年代宋慶齡同志和她所領導的中國福利會拯救了很多兒童。點評：英語的被動式在漢譯時根據漢語的句式要求轉換為相應的主動式：“所的”（所領導的）和英語句子的主語“兒童”變為漢語句子的動賓結構“拯救兒童”。4、Crowdi ng dow n to the water are rows of low houses, dirty and dark, in habited by coun tlessthousa nds of poor folk, whose day

25、s are spe nt in unending toil and the struggle to keep alive. 沿河擠滿了一排排又暗又臟的矮房子，不計其數的窮苦百姓居住在這里，他們經年累月永無休止地辛苦干活，掙扎著活下去。點評：時態轉換法和拆譯法的應用。5、Most of the questi ons have bee n settled satisfactorily, only a few of sec on dary importa nee rema in to be discussed.大部分問題已圓滿解決，只剩下幾個次要問題有待討論。點評：施事不需要說出時，漢語可采用無主句

26、或主語省略句來保持主動形式以使譯文自然順暢。Unit91、We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who heregave their lives （ so） that n ati on might live. （ Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address） 我們今天到此集會，是為了將這一戰場的一部分奉獻給那些為國捐軀的烈士們，作為他們最后的安息之地。點評：句中林肯總統用的“final resting place （安息之地）是“墳場、墓地”的委婉語，“gave their lives （捐軀）是”犧牲、戰死、陣亡“的委婉語，這兩個委婉語飽含著林肯對陣亡將 士的崇高敬意和深情緬懷。2、” On the 14th of March,