1、 上海高中英語語法填空專練練及解題技巧解“語法填空”題的一般步驟是： 1、 瀏覽全文把握語篇 瀏覽全文的目的是把握其大意，為下一步“填空”做好“語義”上的準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)椤罢Z義”決定著空白處應(yīng)填一個什么意思的詞語并采用什么樣的語法形式。在通讀全文的過程中，為較好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清該文的體裁、題材（語題）、中心思想、寫作主線、段落大意、段落層次等。這些有利于考生真正讀懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”時進(jìn)行必要的邏輯推理。 二、邊讀邊填先易后難 在通讀全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以動手填空了。填空的過程是一個判斷空白處應(yīng)填詞語的“語義”（已給出詞語的除外）和正確的語法“形式”的思維過程。遇到一

2、時想不起來的空，先跳過去，等檢查時再仔細(xì)對付，不要用太多的時間停留在一個單詞上。 三、驗(yàn)證復(fù)查清除難點(diǎn) 有時間的話，進(jìn)行復(fù)查是必要的。復(fù)查的方法是：將所有答案“填進(jìn)”短文并進(jìn)行通讀，以最后確定答案。 另外，一題多解也是此種題型常遇到的問題之一。 技巧指導(dǎo) 語法填空是近年來高考英語科新推出的一種題型，這種題型能全面檢測學(xué)生在英語詞匯、語法，甚至是句法上的運(yùn)用能力，能更科學(xué)地反映學(xué)生的英語綜合水平。本題型分兩種情況：一種為已給單詞提示，一種為不給單詞提示。本人就這兩種情況進(jìn)行了深入的研究，總結(jié)出十三條語法填空的解題技巧。一、已給單詞提示題型的技巧此類題可以考查學(xué)生對單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式

3、變化主要有兩種，一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。在判斷出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步審題，看是否需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式，這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。技巧一：名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。例1：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the(child)housesareallfarfromschool. 由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式復(fù)數(shù)的所有格ehildrens。技巧二：動詞形式變化。動詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語的變化（時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣）

4、，有非謂語的變化（不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）。例2：Atalk(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang. 句中的is是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報告是“將來”作的，故用不定式；且報告是give動作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動式tobegiven。技巧三：代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞（主格和賓格）、物主代詞（形容詞性和名詞性）、反身代詞。另外還有幾個不定代詞的形式變化，如noone/none、other/another等。例3：Th

5、ekingdecidedtoseethepainterby(he).由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級變化。英語中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級的變化。構(gòu)成比較級和最高級的方式，或通過加后綴-er和-est，或在詞前加more/less和most/least，且形容詞的絕對最高級還要冠以the。例4：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)esstall”

6、。技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴-teen、-ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one/two的特殊變化形式once/twice。例TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea(three).從上下文連續(xù)起來理解，這是一個分馬的計(jì)劃，大兒子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。技巧六：詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的，

7、派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學(xué)生對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例6：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday,sohewasvery(happiness).在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞，由此可知將happiness還原成詞根happy；錢包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開心的，所以要再加個前綴un-，就成了unhappy。二、未給單詞提示題型的技巧此類題難度較大，但也是有方法對付的。技巧七：固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個固定短語，但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。例7：Thechildr

8、enwereplayingontheground,enjoying,dirtybuthappy.從句中的happy可以猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應(yīng)用enjoyoneself短語，故其答案為themselves。例8：Hisbosswasangryastofirehim. 如果“跳過”橫線后面的angry，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個關(guān)聯(lián)短語so.asto，所以，so是正解。技巧八：從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句是此題型最為常見的一個方向，主要檢測學(xué)生對引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。例9：Hedidnotdohisfatherhadaskedhimtodo.審題可知，橫線所在為賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，且指物，

9、所以是what。例10:Thosewanttogotothevillagemustsignhere. 經(jīng)過觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，進(jìn)一步觀察可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填入who。技巧九：短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構(gòu)成的短語，此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例11：TheUSconsistsfiftystates.根據(jù)常識可知，美國由50個州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由組成”，所以答案是of。例12：MrsBakerwasill,soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotakeofher.生病需要人照

10、顧，所以答案是care，與前后詞構(gòu)成takecareof。技巧十：短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語介詞即多個詞的組合起介詞作用的短語，如：exceptfor,dueto等。例13：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondonoftakingatrain. 此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語insteadof。例14：Justthen,hesawablackboardinofhim. 細(xì)心觀察，可以看出填入front即可構(gòu)成infrontof，此題得解。技巧十一：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有and,or,but,so,for,whi

11、le等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語有both.and,either.or,neither.nor,notonly.butalso等。例15：LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool,hisfamilywastoopoor.此處表示原因，引導(dǎo)的分句其實(shí)是一種解釋說明，不是必然的因果關(guān)系，且前面有逗號隔開，所以填for。 例16：MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both.and，故答案為Both。技巧十二：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during

12、等，通常考查固定搭配；副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不會考查-ly形式的方式副詞（見技巧六形容詞派生副詞的情況）。例17：Jackielikestodriveathighspeed. 這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成atahighspeed，“以高速”開車。例18：OldTomsgrand-danghterusedtovisithimSaturdayafternoon.Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞in，而用on才是正解。例19：ThoughLiuQiangdidthesameworkZhangWe

13、ndid，hegotalowerpayZhang第一條橫線可由前面的thesanle判斷出用as，第二條橫線則可由lower判斷出比較意義，故答案為than。例20：Itwasonlyonedayleft,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim.觀察上下句，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且橫線與前后用逗號隔開，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。這一招是最為靈活的，但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文；關(guān)系和自己積累的知識，填入某個已出現(xiàn)的詞，或其反義詞，或其同類的某個詞。答案的線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的，地方上下段中

14、與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)木渥印Ｈ绻摍M線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句，則線索可能在上下段的首句；如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句，則線索可能在上下段的末句，以此類推。例21：Tonytravellingabroad,butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV.由第二句話中的dislikes可以判斷，此橫線處應(yīng)該是填其反義詞likes。語法填空作為一種新穎的題型，能全面地考查學(xué)生的英語綜合應(yīng)用能力。上述十三條技巧概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向，在高考備考復(fù)習(xí)中能起到很好的加強(qiáng)作用，真正做到事半功倍，較大地提高學(xué)生在此題型上的得分率。希望能幫到你。1、語法填空專練 （一）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)

15、的詞語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標(biāo)號的相應(yīng)位置。（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分） （1） UsingGarbageasaFuelGarbagecanbeagoodfueltouse.Thethingsingarbagedonotlook_1_coal,petroleum,ornaturalgas,_2_theyarechemicallysimilartothesefossilfuels(料).Asweuseupourfossilfuelsupplies,wemightbeabletousegarbageas_3_energysource. Burningg

16、arbageisnotanewidea.SomecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates_4_(burn)garbageforyears.Theheatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisusedtoboilwater.Thesteam_5_isproducedisusedtomakeelectricityortoheatnearbybuildings.InParis,France,somepowerplantsburnalmost2millionmetrictonsofthecitysgarbageeachyear.The_6_ofener

17、gyproducedisaboutthesameaswouldbeproducedbyburningalmostahalfmillionbarrelsofoil! Butthereareproblemsinusinggarbageasafuel.Garbagethatburns_7_(easy),suchasfoodandpaper,mustbeseparatedfrommetals,glass,andothermaterialsthatdonotburneasily.Anotherproblemisthatburninggarbagecan_8_theair. Ourfossilfuelsu

18、ppliesare_9_.Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanusetohelpmeetourenergyneeds.Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountofgarbage_10_(pile)upontheearth. （2）TheStoryofMyLifebyHelenKelleristhemost_1_(influence)bookinmylife.Itisfilledwithcourage,struggleandfaiththroughout.HelenKellerwasonceindeep

19、despairinher_2_,butfinallyshedecidedtoovercomeherphysicaldefectsandlivehappily.Furthermore,sheshowedgreatpatience_3_herlongandhardlearningperiod. Ihavelearned,aboveall,threelessonsfromherstory.First,shetaughtmethatoftentheroadtosuccessistofacehardships_4_(bravety).Maybeyouarebornunderanillstaryetyou

20、canstandabetterchance_5_others.Itisthereforeimportantthatyouscrewupyourcourage_6_courageisneeded.Second,theimpairmentofpartofhersensesdidnotstop_7_learning:onthecontrary,shehadmadecontinual_8_togodeeperintotherealmofknowledge,andherperseverancehadthushelpedherovercomemanyhandicaps._9_,sheadvisedthat

21、weshouldmakethemostofoursense-organsasifwe_10_(lose)themsoonbecausethiswaywewouldobservetheworldmorecarefullythaneverbefore. （3）(1) The villagers all look forward to _ (benefit)from the railway to be built in their village.(2) It just rains _ ( slight ) . It doesnt matter whether you bring your umbr

22、ella or not.(3) _ amazed me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.(4) The train runs _ the forests and _the mountains. （4）Most scientists think the universe began with a “Big Bang” 1 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago, the dust settled into 2 solid globe, 3 exploded with fire and ro

23、ck and formed the earthatmosphere.As the water appeared on the earth, the 4 ( harm )gases and acids was dissolved into the oceans and seas, which made it possible for life 5 (develop) on the earth.Many millions of years 6 , the first planets appearedon the water and they produced oxygen. Thanks to t

24、he oxygen,all kinds of life 7 ( appear ) on the earth. Until 2.6 million years ago, the human beingsancestors began to develop all over the earth one after another. But their 8 ( activity) produced too much dioxide into the air, 9 ( cause )global warming problem. So the earth will be 10 danger. 三、語法

25、填空專練（二）(1)In the United States, there were 222 people _1_ (report) to be billionaires(億萬富翁) in 2003. The _2_ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money _3_ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _4_ he first helped to set up the company in 1976.

26、He was a billionaire _5_ the time he was 31. _6_, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even _7_ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. _8_ of these child actors made over a million dollars _9_ (act) in movies bef

27、ore they were 14. But _10_ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (繼承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (2)Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car _1_ (steal) .They filed a report_2_ the police station and a det

28、ective drove them _3_ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their _4_ (amaze), the car had been returned _5_ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the _6_. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets _7

29、_ tonights Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended _8_ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found _9_their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was _10_ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, dont I?” (3)People _1_

30、(live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _2_ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four _3_ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need _4_ these. To read short stories you nee

31、d to know only about two thousand words. _5_ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary _6_ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _7_ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy

32、them. When you meet _8_ new word, look it _9_ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _10_ (much) useful book. (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets _1_ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _2_ then the left. In

33、the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from _3_, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most _4_ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, _5_. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _6_ (have) a look first, or you will go

34、_7_ wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses _8_ two floors. You can sit on the _9_ (two) floor. From _10_ you can see the city very well. Its very interesting. (5) _1_ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women _2_ any clothes on, and he and his _3_ always tried to keep t

35、he small girl out _4_ he was doing this, “She is _5_ young to understand,” they said. But one day, when the artist _6_ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs _7_ her, but when she got to the room, the littl

36、e girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _8_ her parents waited for her to speak. For a few seconds the little girl said _9_, but then she ran to her mother and said _10_ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you dont let me?” (6) Most Americans dont l

37、ike to get advice _1_ members of their family. They get advice from “_2_ (strange)”. When they need advice, they dont usually go to people they know. _3_ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _4_ give advice on many different subjects _5_ (include) family problems, the use of langua

38、ge, health, cooking, child care, clothes, _6_ even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers _7_ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are _8_ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, _9

39、_ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special _10_ (train) for this kind of work. (7) Without proper planning, tourism can cause_1_. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places _2_ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民) of a country. I

40、f tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become _3_ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists _4_ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the countrys economy. _5_ is important to think about the people of a destination country and _6_ tourism affects

41、 them. Tourism should help _7_ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and _8_ (happy) of local inhabitants. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism _9_ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work _10_ the tourism industry

42、. This means that other parts of the countrys economy can suffer. (8) London was awarded _1_ 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, _2_ (defeat) European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital _3_ the first time since 1948. _4_ Moscow, New York and Madrid were e

43、liminated (淘汰) in the first three rounds London beat Paris 5450 on the fourth ballot(投票表決) of the IOC. In London crowds cheered and waved flags as _5_ watched the announcement from Singapore _6_ a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area _7_ the main Olympic complex (建筑群) will be

44、 based. Blair spent two days in lobbying(游說) in Singapore _8_ leaving to host the G8 summit (8國峰會) in Scotland. “My promise to you is we will be your very _9_ (good) partners,” Blair said. Its the fourth bid (申辦) from Britain after _10_ (fail) attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olympics and Manches

45、ter for the 1996 and 2000. (9) Why is setting goals so _1_? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything _2_ you want in life. Instead _3_ just letting life happen to you, goals allow _4_ to make your life happen. _5_ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals to help them re

46、ach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. Its _6_ having a map to show you _7_ you want to go. Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and _8_ (set) goals. Unsuccessful people just le

47、t life happen by accident. Goals arent difficult to set, and _9_arent difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are _10_one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life. (10) We often think of future. We often wonder _1_the world will be lik

48、e a hundred years time. Think of _2_ space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon _3_ (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as _4_. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, _5_ (permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes, people will be t

49、aking holidays in space and visiting _6_ planets. Great progress will have been made _7_ medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years time. _8_ the world will have been developedeven Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earths land to build our cities, _9_ floating c

50、ities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities _10_ the sea. 參考答案語法填空專練（一）（1）1.like2.but3.an4.havebeenburning5.that6.amount7.easily8.pollute9.limited10.piling 垃圾是一種很好的燃料。垃圾看起來不像煤、石油或天然氣，但他們的化學(xué)成分和礦物燃料類似。當(dāng)我們用完礦物燃料時，我們或許可以把垃圾當(dāng)作能源來用。 燃燒垃圾并不是一種新的想法。歐洲和美國的一些城市燃燒垃圾已經(jīng)有很多年了。燃燒垃圾產(chǎn)生的熱量被用來燒水。產(chǎn)生的蒸汽則用來發(fā)電或給附近的大樓供熱。在法國巴黎，一些電站每年要燒掉200萬公噸的城市垃圾。產(chǎn)生的能量差不多相當(dāng)于燃燒50萬桶石油！但是以垃圾作為燃料有一些問題。有些垃圾很容易燃燒，比如食物廢料和紙制品，但他們必須要和金屬、玻璃和其他不容易燃燒的物質(zhì)分離開。另一問題就是燃燒垃圾會污染空氣。 我們的礦物燃料供應(yīng)有限。燃燒垃圾或許是一種能源資源，我們可以用它來滿足對能源的需求。這種方法也可以減少地