1、北京理工大學珠海學院2020屆本科生畢業論文Cultural Comparison between Chinese and American BasketballCultural Comparison between Chinese and American BasketballAbstractThis article is a cultural comparison between Chinese and American basketball. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences between Chinese a

2、nd American basketball culture and the reasons, to find the root causes of the formation of their respective basketball ideas and value orientations and their impact on the development of basketball, and to analyze the role of cultural concepts and values in improving basketball style, characteristi

3、cs and performance and how to improve the quality of basketball talents. This article takes a close look at the differences between Chinese and American basketball cultures, including individualism and collectivism, basketball personalities, basketball expressions, and differences in talent developm

4、ent. By analyzing the differences between Chinese and American basketball culture, we can provide reasonable suggestions, such as optimizing training system, encouraging the development of players, strengthening contact with the media to promote the influence of Chinese basketball. The author will c

5、ollect the literature of basketball culture and the historical and cultural background of China and the United States, and use the literature method to sort out, analyze, and summarize the contents of basketball culture at home and abroad for the research of this project.In China, basketball has alw

6、ays been a popular sport, and great attention is also paid to basketball games. Basketball was introduced to China from the United States, and formed its own basketball culture in its own historical culture. This article studies the differences between Chinese and American basketball cultures and di

7、scusses the differences in terms of values, thinking concepts and systems, so as to provide a theoretical reference for promoting the development of Chinese basketball culture.Keywords: values, basketball, thought 中美籃球文化對比摘 要本文是中美籃球文化對比研究。研究目的在于探究中美籃球文化的差異及其存在原因，從中找到各自籃球理念和價值取向形成的根源和對籃球運動發展的影響，分析文化理

8、念和價值觀對成績提高所起的作用以及如何提升未來籃球人才的素質等。本文將從以下幾個維度對中美籃球文化進行對比，分別有個人主義與集體主義，籃球性格，籃球表現形式和中美人才培養文化氛圍。通過分析中美籃球文化的差異，為中國籃球文化發展提供合理性的建議。如建立科學的青訓制度，鼓勵球員個性發展和加強與媒體聯系推動中國籃球影響力。本人會收集相關參考資料與文獻，通過文獻法對國內外有關籃球文化的內容進行梳理、分析和概括，為本課題研究所用。在中國，籃球一直是人們喜愛的運動，而且籃球賽事的受關注度也較高?；@球是由美國傳入中國，在各自的歷史文化中形成各自的籃球文化。本文針對中美籃球文化差異進行研究，論述了中美籃球在價

9、值觀、思維方式和制度等方面的差異, 為推動中國籃球文化提供理論參考。關鍵詞：價值觀；籃球；思想IIContentsAbstractI摘 要IIIntroduction11 The Overview of Basketball Culture2 1.1 Current Situation of Basketball2 1.2 Characteristics of Basketball Culture22 Differences in Values5 2.1 Individualism and Collectivism5 2.2 Innovation63 Differences in Thinki

10、ng Concepts and Behavioral Characteristics7 3.1 Humility and Aggression7 3.2 Style of Play84 Differences in Player Training9 4.1 Talents Selection and Training9 4.2 Attention to Low-level Matches95 Suggestions for the Development of Chinese Basketball11 5.1 Optimizing Training System11 5.2 Increasin

11、g the Attraction of Match12 5.3 Strengthening the Contact with the Media13Conclusion15References16Acknowledgments17IntroductionCulture is the sum of the material and spirit of human creation and an important condition for the existence and development of human society. Culture is a historical phenom

12、enon, and every society has a culture that adapts to it, and it develops with society. Modern basketball has experienced more than a century of innovation and improvement, and has become a sports culture that has developed along with human progress. But different living environments determine differ

13、ent ways of thinking. Due to the influence of geographical environment, China and the United States form their own cultural system. China is a country composed of mountains and rivers, with comparatively enclosed terrain. This geographical environment is suitable for group living, emphasizing harmon

14、ious coexistence between people. Confucian culture, as a traditional culture in the development of China for thousands of years, focuses on the harmony between man and nature, and the relationship between others and groups. Unlike China, the United States has no history of feudal society. The United

15、 States is a country of immigrants from different cultural backgrounds. The land in the United States was originally a piece of undeveloped land, and due to the harsh natural conditions and changing climate, Americans were always ready to meet the challenges of nature. Therefore, man and nature are

16、often in a state of confrontation, thereby fostering peoples belief in conquering nature. In its development in the past hundreds of years, it has formed the unique personal standards of American culture, as well as the characteristics of overcoming nature and creativity. Americans put this idea of

17、human freedom and competition to the fullest in basketball. The American basketball culture is influenced by its historical development culture, which conveys its unique culture and values. “Collectivism” is the core of Chinese culture, and “individualism” is the core of American culture. The develo

18、pment of basketball culture in the two countries is influenced by the traditional culture of the two countries from beginning to end, and their characteristics are very different. 1 The Overview of Basketball Culture1.1 Current Situation of BasketballSince the founding of New China, Chinese basketba

19、ll has made great achievements. Especially in the mid-to-late 1990s, Chinese basketball began to gradually integrate with international standards and gradually became professional basketball. But compared with teams from other counties, Chinese basketball has obvious deficiencies in terms of system,

20、 training mode, etc. And these are all related to traditional Chinese culture. Confucianism and Taoism are traditional Chinese cultures. They have the characteristics of balance, unity, closure, and conservatism. Under the influence of traditional culture, Chinese basketball emphasizes overall coord

21、ination, lacks individual performance, pays attention to harmony and balance, and pursues the improvement of overall strength. The idea of “the middle way” has a history of three thousand years. Under such historical influence, Chinese players will not seek much publicity in the subconscious, but mo

22、re follow the established principles. Players show too much dependence in the game and lack the characteristics to show themselves.After the middle of the 19th century, with the development of the European Industrial Revolution and the increase in productivity, peoples social ideology and concepts g

23、radually changed. American basketball came into being in this environment, and grew up in the cradle of Western civilization. American basketball focuses on the individual and pursues the display of individuality. They emphasize personal goals and give individuals the opportunity for full developmen

24、t and performance, and motivate athletes creativity and performance in basketball. In the NBA games, buzzer beater often appears in the last moment. And a few seconds before the end of the game, the lagging team relies on the individual abilities of the superstar players to score at the last minute

25、to defeat the rival. This kind of game has a huge impact on the visual and psychological aspects of the audience, igniting the passion in the heart. Under the influence of American culture, American basketball culture makes the game full of passion, and players have the consciousness of showing them

26、selves and competition, which makes American basketball rank among the best in the world and has great influence.1.2 Characteristics of Basketball CultureBasketball culture refers to the combination of the material, institutional and spiritual culture of basketball. It includes philosophy, values, b

27、ehavior and so on. The national characteristics and sports spirit of China and the West are reflected in their respective basketball cultures, and they are also a full display of national culture. Due to different cultural backgrounds, differences in values, thinking concepts and systems have emerge

28、d in the formation and development of Chinese and American basketball cultures.Due to the different environmental conditions, historical development and human interaction, different cultures have been created in East and West. Research (Zhu & Zheng, 2006) reports that there are obvious differences b

29、etween the East and the West in the aspects of nature, thinking concepts, development, life value, and national character. In terms of the view of the natural universe, the Chinese consider “the Harmony Theory”, and the westerners believe in “Separation of Heaven and Man”. In terms of thinking conce

30、pts, the East values integration and neglects analysis. Western thinking focuses on analysis, highlighting the difference between subject and object. In terms of development, China seeks “stability” and the West stresses “change”.China has a long and civilized history of more than five thousand year

31、s, which is a cultural power with profound connotation. Chinas traditional values and national spirit gradually integrated into the basketball culture. For example, the sports slogan “Friendship comes before competition” is reflecting the humility and politeness of Chinese people. Basketball was bro

32、ught into China by missionaries during the first Opium War. The introduction and development of basketball is a process of cultural learning and integration. The Chinese are embracing this cultural form and developing the sport in their own way. Traditional Chinese players pursue unity, seek harmony

33、 and pay too much attention to collective cooperation, lack of individual play. At the same time, under the Chinese basketball system, players have less freedom, resulting in the fact that high-level players may participate in more games while low-level players have less chances. Such a system does

34、not ensure the health of players and the development of talent.Basketball originated in the United States and is the traditional sport in the United States. In its development process, Basketball culture has absorbed the characteristics of American culture, such as personal emotions and thought. Ame

35、rican basketball culture is very personal, making American basketball creative. U.S. basketball is constantly innovating in skills, and constantly researching new actions, new tactics, and strengthening the practice to keep American basketball in the lead. American players often use many clever tact

36、ics. These tactics are not limited to a single mode, but are changed according to the actual situation, and used to achieve an unbeaten level. The innovative spirit and individual spirit of Americans make American basketball players have strong competitiveness and expression. It is this spirit of co

37、mpetition that has contributed to the continuous development of American basketball (Li, 2017, p.211). 162 Differences in Values2.1 Individualism and CollectivismCollectivism values are the cornerstone of Eastern culture, while individualist values are the pillars of Western culture. China is a typi

38、cal representative of the former, and the United States is a typical representative of the latter. Traditional Chinese culture emphasizes collective consciousness, and collective interests are above all else. In particular, it emphasizes the obligations and responsibilities that individuals should b

39、ear, and the rights of the individual are relatively neglected. Chinese players are required to follow the rules and to be consistent with the collective or leadership. Once the player enters the national team, he must unconditionally and absolutely obey the unified arrangement of the organization.

40、The organization shows strong administrative control on the players competition, personnel movement and daily management. The Chinese mens basketball team will organize a military training before the game to help the players strengthen their sense of collective and national honor. In such a manageme

41、nt, it is not difficult to find that whether in the national team or CBA, Chinese players lack continuous highlight data. Being influenced by collectivism from an early age has made players lack the ability to attack independently. Collectivism emphasizes that national interests outweigh everything

42、else. In addition, CBA clubs are also centrally managed. The China Basketball Management Center is the top power department of CBA, with the Competition Department, the Sports Team Management Department and the Department of Operations and Development. They are responsible for the overall operation

43、and management of the CBA league. The vast majority of CBA clubs can only exercise the limited powers recognized by the center.The American culture that features analytical thinking has given rise to the individualism of American sports culture. The individualism of American basketball players is ob

44、vious. To put it another way, its a one-on-one combat capability. American basketball players have grown up in a cultural environment of freedom and opposition to authority. The competition emphasizes individual skills and individuality. They didnt put collectivism first in consciousness, so America

45、n basketball players were very capable of one-man combat. On the contrary, our basketball players put collectivism first. As soon as the player gets the ball, he wants to work with his peers. But when it comes to singles alone, they are at a loss and even helpless. NBA clubs belong to private invest

46、ors. They are an independent and self-financing entity. It is managed by the club in which it is located, and the government never interferes in its management. In order to ensure the healthy development of the NBA, the NBA Major League has developed a series of strict regulatory systems, which coor

47、dinate the relationship between the league and clubs, between clubs and clubs, and between players and players, to ensure the balance of the distribution of benefits. It is under this sound system and norms that the NBA operates and develops. These complete systems and fair competition conditions dr

48、ive the rapid development of the NBA. 2.2 Innovation American aesthetic consciousness advocates a new standard. Americans are independent and have a personality. In basketball, it is not a simple inheritance and succession, but bold innovation. Chinas aesthetic consciousness is mainly in harmony, ad

49、vocating the collective spirit and paying attention to the overall tactical cooperation.Run-and-gun is the hottest tactic in recent years. NBA teams created this tactic and changed the trend of world basketball. The forerunner of run-and-gun is actually Don Nelson, who created the tactic two decades

50、 ago and is also known as the “Crazy Scientist”. At that time, he boldly innovated and broke the traditional tactics centered on the center, and turned into run-and-gun based on the guard. This tactic greatly improved the speed and enjoyment of the game. In addition, there is also the Hack-the-Shaq

51、tactic. This tactic makes full use of ONeals weakness in poor free throws, thereby forcing ONeals team to score. Whether it is the Hack-the-Shaq tactic or Run-and-gun or other, the unique spirit of innovation and the desire to create ideas make them continue to create new tactics on the established

52、rules. Every innovation in American basketball has a certain influence on world basketball and is followed by many teams.3 Differences in Thinking Concepts and Behavioral Characteristics3.1 Humility and AggressionOne of the most important differences between Chinese and American national character i

53、s that Chinese value “harmony” and Americas love “aggression”. From the relationship between man and nature, the Chinese emphasize the “Harmony” theory, while the Americans emphasize the conquest of nature. The Americans are advocating conquering nature and defeating it. They believe that nature is

54、opposite to man, and that man can only survive and develop by succeeding in the hard struggle with nature (Gou, 2002, p.93). The idea that “Harmony is precious” is the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. Harmony is the core word of social stability in our country. In a harmonious society, our

55、sports culture is also affected by this. But CBA is a competitive game. The charm of the competition lies in the intensity. CBA players have been influenced by traditional Chinese culture since childhood. As a result, CBA culture has emphasized collective tactical cooperation. Players do not have a

56、strong sense of competition. They must play in strict accordance with the teams tactics. In the CBA game, the players seldom get points through one-man combat, but more probably through team work. In the defensive, players focus on joint defense and co-defense to limit the opponents score. On the ot

57、her hand, the emphasis of traditional thinking is obedience, which leads to restrictions on the freedom and subjective initiative of the players. Once the unexpected situation is difficult to deal with, the performance and excitement of players are greatly reduced, and the fighting spirit also lower

58、s.Western sports emphasize the external sports of the body, and emphasize the limits of the body, to achieve the best game results. They seek to overcome nature and others, and to advocate competition and confrontation. By competing with nature and others, they surpass the opponent and surmount the

59、natural obstacles to achieve their own value. Westerners value the results of the game and think that these will affect the value of being a person and human dignity (Zheng, 2006, P6). In the NBA, the most important thing for young players is to meet the teams expectations every year and make sure they can improve. Many famou