1、資料來源：來自本人網絡整理！祝您工作順利！學習英語的被動語態 英語動詞被動語態在語法書上都有詳略不同的交代，但大都著重它的構成形式，例證那么往往不夠。接下來，我給大家預備了如何學習英語的被動語態,歡送大家參考與借鑒。 學習英語的被動語態 英語動詞被動語態好像在英語句子中比在漢語句子中更多出現，這點是我國初學者所常常忽視的。在某些句子中，英語總是用被動語態、而漢語那么絕不能用，如shakespeare was born in 1564./moliere was born in paris。初學英語的人接觸到這樣被動語態的句子恐不免感到驚奇，因為我們在漢語中慣于說生于某某年或某某年生，生于巴黎或在

2、巴黎出生，從來不說一個人被生出。 在另一些句子中，英語可用主動及被動兩種語態，漢語那么傾向于用主動，如everybody likes him./he is liked by everybody。漢語人人喜愛他看來比他被人人喜愛更現成和自然。有人以為這有一個強調的問題，用作主語的詞是加以強調的。即令如此，根據英語構造寫成的他被大家喜愛這樣的句子，總是別扭。 下面就十個類別，舉出一些句子，說明英語某些動詞用于某一意義或在某一場合中常作被動語態。類別當然不能只是十個，這兒僅舉常見的。每個類別下也只舉五個句子，句子中的動詞彼此不一樣。為便利起見，句子首先采納大家熟知的 the advanced lea

3、rners dictionary of current english(ald)，其次是 longman dictionary of contemporary english(ldce)，必要時從其他英美書刊補充少數句子，但不注明出處。 1.關于生病 the left lung is affected1. _ald he is confined to the house by illness. _ ald he was seized with sudden chest pains. _ldce hes been troubled with a bad back since he was a c

4、hild. _ldce john was invalided2 out of the army. 上面這些句子中被動語態在英語中很習慣化，如將動詞改為主動語態，有不同程度的不順。用漢語表達這些句子中的同樣的概念，就可以不肯定用被動語態。 2.關于疲乏困乏 he was doneup afterthe long ride. ald he was knocked up after the longsteen climb. _ ald he was almost fagged out. _ ald im completely exhausted3._ldce i was spent with the

5、 fatigue4 of the voyage. 漢語說累了、累垮了極一般。如說由于某種緣由而累了、累垮了，至少在構造上不用被動語態。這和第一類的例子是全都的。 3.關于喜悅、興奮 i was delighted to hear the news of your success._ald were very pleased to see you here._ald on hearing of the victory，the nation was transported with joy._ald she was enchanted5 with the flowers you sent her.

6、 _ald the children were fascinated by the toys in the shopwindows._ ald 漢語如說被興奮，將不成文理，說使興奮或為興奮，那也不能照英語被動語態去處理。事實上這頭一句話照漢語是我興奮地聽到這雖帶點歐化，但目前也通行了。最常見的唯恐還是聽到我興奮。無論如何。漢語說興奮，不能如英語那樣用被動語態。 4.關于堵塞、拖延： were been held up by fog. _ ald the mountain roads were obstructed6 by falls of rock._ald the train was del

7、ayed two hours. _ald i was hindered from getting here._ald the harbour was blocked by ice._ald 這其次句ald英漢雙解本譯成山路被落下石頭所堵塞。嚴格地說這句譯文好像欠流暢，尤其不能用于口語。當然，但凡阻力，總是外來的阻力，施于受事的主語，主語處于被動地位，但漢語不能實行英語的被動語態形式而完全不加變動。 5、關于習慣 he is quite used to hard work._ald this is not the kind of treatment i am accustomed to. _al

8、d he is addicted8 to smoking. _ald the old soldier was inured9 to danger. _ldce he is given to long walks. _ldce 英語中有些動詞，由于常用于被動語態，詞典中對它們的分詞(participle)形式另立專條著錄，成為獨立的詞，其功能相當于形容詞。以上例句中的動詞就是典型的例子。例如，詞典一般既有use這一專條(不定式動詞)，又有 used;既有 accustom7，又有 accustomed;既有give，又有given。但如inure及addict，在 ald上只注明常用于被動(us

9、u.passive)，尚未另立inured和 addicted專條，其他詞典也大體是這樣，雖然addicted還可以作為形容詞，看成是獨立的詞條。然而不管這些詞是否帶有形容詞的性質，在上面的句子中卻具有被動語態的作用。 6.關于苦惱、心煩意亂 he was annoyed to learn that the train would be delayed._ald she is easily upset emotionally._ald he was vexed10 at his failure. _ ald he was disturbed to hear of your illness._a

10、ld i felt harassed11 by all the work of the office._ldce 苦惱等心情當然是引起的，因此英語中的被動語態好像說明了是由于什么引起的，但要留意第一句she is easily upset emotionally.不必指出緣由。 7.關于驚異或震驚 i was astonished to see him there. _ald im surprised he didnt come._ald he was shocked to hear his daughter swearing. _ald he was startled to see him

11、looking so ill._ald he was astounded12 when he heard he had won._ald 一個正常的人無故不會大驚小怪。但是我們說驚訝、大吃一驚或使驚訝和使大吃一驚等也就夠了，不同于英語的被動表現形式。 8.關于圍繞、包圍 his land is fenced with barbed wire._ald troy was besieged13 by the greeks for ten years._ald the troops were surrounded._ald the cliffedge is dangerous and should

12、be railed._ldce japan is compassed about by the ocean._ldce 對于以上其次句，第三句及第五句，漢語是可以用被包圍這類說法的，但對第一句的is fenced with，如說有籬笆圍住就行了，不肯定要說被用籬笆圍住。至于第四句中should be railed，英語的被動語態在漢語中也難以表達。我們通常說：應當用欄桿圍起來，或應當把它用欄桿圍起來，而不是應當被用欄桿圍起來。 9.關于玷污、污染 his reputation is tarnished14._ald my car was mired15. _ ald the river was

13、 contaminated with water from the factory. _ ldce your fingers are stained with ink. that cheese is mildewed16. 和第三句的contaminated意義近似的動詞如pollute及 defile等，也常用于被動語態。我們說，出污泥而不染，不是而不被染。 10.關于惶惑、慌亂 i was confounded to hear that. _ald they sked so many questions that i got confused. _ald tom was bewildere

14、d by the examination questions._ald he was puzzled what to do next. _ ald the cabinet ministers are perplexed17 as to what to do. 以上可和第六和第七兩類聯絡起來看。 綜觀以上的例子，我們覺得中國同學學英語不只是要記住動詞被動語態的形式，尤其要留心，在什么狀況下，英語肯定比漢語更常用被動語態;要留心哪些動詞是這樣用的，哪些動詞雖有各種不同用法，但專指某一特別意義時肯定用被動形式。有些特別被動語態，幾乎習語化了，也是不行無視的，如下面兩個句子： my hints were lost upon him._ ald my advice was thrown