1、基礎階段復習(5)1994年Text 5【重點詞匯】antibacterial（抗菌的；抗菌藥）即anti+bacteria+(a)l，anti-前綴“抗”，bacteria細菌，-al后綴。innovator（創新者）即in+nov+at(e)+or，in-加強前綴，nov詞根=new（元音字母替換，形近字母替換），-ate動詞后綴，-or后綴表“人”，故“使事物更新的人”創新者。同根詞：novel（小說；熟詞僻義：新奇的）nov+el后綴。diligent（勤奮的）即di+lig+ent，di-前綴“分離”，lig詞根“選擇”，-ent形容詞后綴。同根詞：intelligentintel之

2、間+lig+ent “聰明的”。reluctant（不愿的，勉強的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反復”，luct可看作詞根lect“選擇”，-ant形容詞后綴，人們反反復復地作選擇，所以“勉強”。Suggestion systems can workdont be reluctant to use them.建議制度是有效的不要不愿使用它們。devote（v.奉獻，致力于）即de+vote，de加強語氣，vote單詞“選票”，“致力于”獲得選票。Only to devote oneself to the society can find the significance of the

3、 actually short and risky life.人生實際上是短暫而有風險的，只有獻身于社會，才能找到其意義。【難句解析】Discoveries in science and technology are thought by untaught minds to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.本句的主干是Discoveries are thought by. to do sth. or as sth.。在句中by untaught minds后面有兩個并列的用or連接起來的結構作為被認

4、為的對象。blinding flashes指“眩目的一瞬”，其實意思相當于漢語中的“靈光一閃”。科學技術上的發現被“不知內情者”看做靈感的眩目閃現或戲劇性事件的結果。Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.本句的主干是由分號隔開的兩個分句，后半句比較復雜，主語是the best players有兩個并列的謂語miss和have their shot blocked，后面有一個比較

5、結構。創新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球員也會痛失進球機會，其射門被擋出的機會大大多于進球的機會。The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goaland so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.本句由兩個并列句構成，前面的一個的表語比較復雜，里面還有兩個定語從句，分別修飾表語從句的主語和表語。破折號后面的結構較簡單。理解so it goes的意思是理解本句的重點，它表示“同樣的道理，同理，也一樣”

6、。問題在于得分最多者正是那些射門次數最多的球員，而任何領域的創新活動都是如此。1995年Text 1【重點詞匯】know of知道。I dont know him, but I know of him.我不認識他，但聽說過他。distribution(分配)enormously（巨大地）live up to做到；不辜負。subtly（精細地；微妙地），形容詞形式為subtle。Men always want to be a womens first love; women have a more subtle instinct; what they like is to be a mans l

7、ast romance.男人總想成為女人的第一個戀人，女人則具有更微妙的本能，她希望成為男人追求的最后一個對象。 an effective way to fight .遏制.的一個有效方法has the good senseto .有良好的意識.It is the surest proof I know that .我認為這是最可靠的證明，即.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on.我覺得有一點還得談一談。【難句解析】It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods

8、 at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.本句的主干是It serves. to assist. distribution.，而thereby后面是兩個由and連接起來的分詞短語作補語，里面又有一個make+it+adj.+to do sth.的結構。它直接有助于商品以合理的價格銷售，由此建立穩固的國內市場，并使商品能以富有競爭力的價格出口。If its message we

9、re confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.本句的主句是一個if引導的虛擬語氣If its message were confined merel

10、y to information, advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention。兩個破折號中間的部分是一個補充說明成分。如果廣告的內容僅僅限于提供信息（雖說這不是不可能做到的，但它本身也是很難做的，因為哪怕是挑襯衫顏色這樣的細節也帶有幾分勸誘性），那廣告會令人生厭，以致沒人再去理會。基礎閱讀復習(7)Some minds seem almost to create themselves, springing up under every disadvantage and working their sol

11、itary but irresistible way through a thousand obstacles.有些人仿佛自己創造自己在每次逆境中崛起，穿過重重阻礙，孤獨但義無反顧地開辟自己的道路。1995年 Text 2【重點詞匯】external（外部的），反義詞為internal（內部的）。 Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity.每個人的行動都不僅處于外部的推動，也同樣依據內在的需要。signpost（路標）sign+post。landma

12、rk（界標）land+mark。obstacle（障礙）即ob+st+acle，ob-前綴“阻礙”，st詞根=stand，-acle后綴表物，“站在那里阻礙的東西”障礙。 Victory is not the end but a phase to the end. It is no more than the removal of obstacles.勝利不是目的而是達到目的的一個階段。它不過是對障礙的消除。 obstaclesthings a person sees when they take their mind off their goal障礙當一個人的大腦脫離自己的目標時所看到的東西

13、。Curiosity（好奇心；熟詞僻義：古玩）即curios+ity，curios(=curious)好奇的，-ity名詞后綴。 There are two sorts of curiositythe momentary and the permanent. The momentary is concerned with the odd appearance on the surface of things. The permanent is attracted by the amazing and consecutive life that flows on beneath the surf

14、ace of things.有兩種好奇心一種是短暫的，一種是永久的。短暫的好奇心關注事物表面的奇異外觀；永久的好奇心被事物表面之下流動著的令人驚訝并連續的生命所吸引。 curiositythe key to creativitya willing, a proud, an eager confession of ignorancethe first step to betrayal好奇心打開創造力的鑰匙心甘情愿地、自豪地、急切地承認自己的無知背叛的第一步。難句解析：The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improv

15、e, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.本句破折號前面是三個并列的名詞詞組，其核心詞是the workers，the student和the foreigner，它們后面都有一個定語從句，而破折號后面的部分是一個簡單的主系表結構。注意破折號前面的只是一些例子，在看不懂的情況下可以跳過，當然如果能夠精確理解它們的意思對理解作者把成長視為一種過程也有幫助。工人得到升遷，學生成績得到提

16、高，外國人學會一門新的語言這些都可表明人們付出努力之后，取得了可衡量的成績。The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.本句主干結構就是not. but，注意but后面的成分較復雜，有四個并列的成分attitudes，feelings，caution，courage，在它們的后面有一個時間狀語從句。

17、成長過程不是道路本身，而是當遭遇新的情況或未曾預料的坎坷時所持的態度和情感，是慎重行事還是勇往直前。基礎階段復習(8)1995年Text 3【重點詞匯】subconsciously（下意識地）sub下+conscious有意識的+ly。stockpile（v.n.積蓄，貯存）stock存儲+pile堆積。expertise（專門知識）expert專家+ise后綴，“專家所掌握的東西”。participant（參與者）即parti+cip+ant，parti(=part)，cip(=cap)抓，-ant后綴表人，“抓取部分東西的人”參與分享的人參與者。facilitate（使便利）即fac+il

18、(e)+it+ate，fac=fic詞根“做”，-ile后綴“易于的”，-it-去做, -ate動詞后綴，“易于去做”使便利。名詞形式為facility（熟練）；facilities（設施；便利條件）。It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.如果你再合作一點的話，事情就變得更容易了。breakdown（n.崩潰；故障）break+down。a nervous breakdown神經衰弱。dominant（支配的，占優勢的）domin+ant，domin可以看成是domain的變形，意為“領域”，-ant后綴。predo

19、minance（優勢）。【難句解析】As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.本句較難，首先應該

20、看到主句就是the informal flow of information is cut off，前面的部分是一個as引導的伴隨/原因從句，而在主句后面的只是一個名詞性的詞組，其核心詞是the confidence，前面的with it是個介詞結構修飾the confidence，后面的that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable只不過是the confidence的同位語。因為and并列，在句末的地方“is cut off”被省略。另外注意and with it the

21、 confidence中的it指代的是整個主句the informal flow of information is cut off。隨著家庭遠離穩定的社區、多年的朋友以及他們大家庭的關系，非正式的信息交流被切斷了。同時在需要時就能得到可靠可信的信息的信心也隨之喪失了。The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem

22、is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.本句由兩個并列的子句構成，之間以and連接。前面的有一個more. than.的結構，而后面的主干是the task is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming。主語task后面的介詞of的賓語比較長finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem，其中that用來強調one pi

23、ece of information，relevant to his or her specific problem又是形容詞結構修飾information。今天，個人可獲得的信息比任何時代的人都多，而要找到一條與自己問題相關的信息既復雜又耗時，有時甚至相當困難。基礎階段復習(9)1995年text 4【重點詞匯】inherent（固有的；天生的）即in+her(e)+ent，in-在里面，here詞根“黏著”=stick，-ent形容詞后綴，“黏著在里面的”固有的。同根詞：adhere（v.黏附；堅持）ad(=to)+here；coherent（黏著的）co(=together)+her(e

24、)+ent。profound（深刻的；淵博的）即pro+found，pro-向前，found詞根“基底”（如foundationfound+ation基礎），“向前直探到底的”淵博的。The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth.一種正確說法的對立物是一種錯誤的說法。一種深刻的真理的對立物則很可能是另一種深刻的真理。soak up吸收。marathon（馬拉松）用諧音記。這種全長42

25、1954米的長跑比賽，是對運動員體力與意志力的考驗。rejoice（使欣喜）即re+joice，re-反復，joice=joy，“使反復高興”使欣喜。Why is it that we rejoice at a birth and grieve at a funeral? Is it because we are not the person concerned?為什么我們在有人出生時高興，在有人入葬時悲傷？是否由于自己不是當事者？disproportionate（不成比例的）即dis+proportion+ate，dis-否定前綴，proportion比例，-ate此處為形容詞后綴。Lite

26、rature happens to be the only occupation in which wages are not given in proportion to the goodness of the work done.文學碰巧是唯一的這么一種職業，其報酬與所做工作的優異不成比例。preoccupation（全神貫注）即pre+occup(y)+ation，pre-在前，occupy占據，-ation名詞后綴，“在別的事物前占據注意力”全神貫注。consideration（考慮；體諒；需考慮的事）consider考慮+ation；considerate（考慮周到的；體諒的）con

27、sider+ate。Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.勞動高于資本，理應得到多得多的報酬。A child that lives with sharing learns to be considerate.同意分享的孩子知道為人著想。【難句解析】But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely t

28、o become a major factor in the lives of their children.本句的主干是. the environment must also have a profound effect。后面的since引導一個原因狀語從句，而這個從句又是一個if引導的條件主從復合句。注意profound的詞義為“意義深遠的”。另外要看到最后一個逗號后面的it所指代的是competition。但環境也一定對其有深刻的影響，因為如果競爭對父母來說很重要的話，那它也可能成為孩子生活中的一個重要因素。The merits of competition by examination

29、 are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.本句由兩個子句構成，中間有一個but表示意思的轉折。要正確理解本句，重點在于抓住單詞的正確意思。questionable可疑的，值得疑問的；而后面的knowledge如果理解成“知識”那么這句話就怎么也看不懂了，在這里它的意思應該是“知道，知曉”，因此in the knowledge of應被理解為“在了解的情況下”。以考試競爭這種做法的好處本身有點值得懷疑，而明知有人考試會通不過的情況下還要

30、進行競爭，則肯定是有害的。基礎階段復習(10)1995年Text 5【重點詞匯】subsequent（隨后的）sub+sequ+ent，sub-在下，sequ(=follow)詞根“跟隨”，-ent形容詞后綴。Be sure not to tell a first falsehood, and you neednt fear being detected in any subsequent ones.千萬別說第一個謊話，這樣就不用害怕在隨后的謊話中被人發現。duration（持久；持續時間）即dur+ation，dur詞根“持續”，-ation名詞后綴。同根詞：durable（持久的）dur+

31、able可的；endurance（持久力；忍耐力）en使+dur+ance。It is not the strength but the duration of great sentiment that makes great men.造就偉人的不是力量，而是偉大情操的持久。contemporary（當代的；同時代的；同時代的人）con+tempor+ary，con-一起，tempor看作temper（性情），-ary后綴，“性情相同的（人）就是同時代的（人）”。Most contemporary books give the impression of having been manufac

32、tured in a day, out of books read the day before.大部分當代書籍給人的印象，是花一天工夫用前一天讀過的書加工而成的。I dont go along with all this talk of a generation gap. Were all contemporaries. Theres only a difference in memories, thats all.我對代溝這種說法完全不能茍同。我們都是同時代的人，只是記憶有所不同，僅此而已。【難句解析】Constant practice has such as effect on memo

33、ry as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.本句的主干很簡單，就是Constant practice has. effect on memory，主要的結構是such as. as.，在后一個as的后面有一個不定式，而這個不定式有三個并列的賓語to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to

34、reading and understanding these words，注意這里的三個to都是介詞，和動詞lead構成詞組。注意先抓主干結構，另外要注意such as. as.是一種舉例子的形式。反復練習對記憶有很大影響，可以使人們熟練地演奏鋼琴、背誦詩歌、乃至總結和理解這些詞句。基礎階段復習(10)1995年Text 5【重點詞匯】subsequent（隨后的）sub+sequ+ent，sub-在下，sequ(=follow)詞根“跟隨”，-ent形容詞后綴。Be sure not to tell a first falsehood, and you neednt fear being

35、detected in any subsequent ones.千萬別說第一個謊話，這樣就不用害怕在隨后的謊話中被人發現。duration（持久；持續時間）即dur+ation，dur詞根“持續”，-ation名詞后綴。同根詞：durable（持久的）dur+able可的；endurance（持久力；忍耐力）en使+dur+ance。It is not the strength but the duration of great sentiment that makes great men.造就偉人的不是力量，而是偉大情操的持久。contemporary（當代的；同時代的；同時代的人）con+

36、tempor+ary，con-一起，tempor看作temper（性情），-ary后綴，“性情相同的（人）就是同時代的（人）”。Most contemporary books give the impression of having been manufactured in a day, out of books read the day before.大部分當代書籍給人的印象，是花一天工夫用前一天讀過的書加工而成的。I dont go along with all this talk of a generation gap. Were all contemporaries. Theres

37、only a difference in memories, thats all.我對代溝這種說法完全不能茍同。我們都是同時代的人，只是記憶有所不同，僅此而已。【難句解析】Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.本句的主干很簡單，就是Constant practice has. effect on

38、memory，主要的結構是such as. as.，在后一個as的后面有一個不定式，而這個不定式有三個并列的賓語to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words，注意這里的三個to都是介詞，和動詞lead構成詞組。注意先抓主干結構，另外要注意such as. as.是一種舉例子的形式。反復練習對記憶有很大影響，可以使人們熟練地演奏鋼琴、背誦詩歌、乃至總結和理解這些詞句。基礎階段復習(11)1996年Text 1【重點詞匯】

39、tight-lipped（沉默寡言的）。blueprint（藍圖）blue+print。intelligently（聰明地，明智地）即intel+lig+ent+ly，intel-“在之間”（=inter-，因后接l，故r變形為l），lig詞根“選擇”=lect，-ent形容詞后綴，-ly副詞后綴，故“具有從中挑選出所需之物的能力”聰明地。Philosophy is a study that lets us be unhappy more intelligently.哲學是讓我們更聰明地不快樂的一門學問。The computer is not intelligent at all, but v

40、ery stupid indeed, and that, in fact, is one of its great values its blind stupidity.計算機一點都不聰明，反而實在非常愚蠢，實際上，這才是它的非凡價值之一它的盲目的愚蠢。tangible（確實的；有形的）即tang+ible，tang拼音“糖”方糖方糖是方的方糖是“有形的”。tangible assets有形資產；tangible results確實的成就。secure（安全的v.獲得；防衛）Freedom of opinion can only exist when the government thinks itself secure.言論自由只有在政府認為自己安全時才能存在。He that publishes a book runs a very great hazard, since nothing can be more impossible than to compose one that may secure the approbation of every reader.出版一本書的人冒著極大的危險，因為創作一部可能受到所有讀者歡迎