1、Section 山 Grammar動詞不定式第3頁語境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1. Unfortunately，the doctors don t know how to make me better, but I am very outgo ing and have lear ned to adapt to my disability.2. Even after all that，no one could give my disease a name and it is difficultto know what the future holds.3.1 am happy to have

2、 foundma ny thingsI can do, like writing and computer program ming.4. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software whe n 1 grow up.5. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.1例句1中的how to make.為“疑問 迥+動詞不定式 結(jié)構(gòu)，作動詞know 的賓語；to adapt.為動詞不疋式的一 般式，作動

3、詞learn的賓語。2. 例句2中的不定式to know.為真正 的主語，前面的it為形式主語。3. 例句3中的to have found.為不定 式的完成式，作狀語。4. 例句4中的不定式to work.作表語。5. 例句5中的不定式to sit around作 疋語，不定式作定語位于所修飾的詞 之后。語法精要點撥動詞不定式由“ to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。這里的to是不定式標(biāo)志，沒有詞義。 不定式具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的某些語法功能，又有動詞的特點，可以有自己 的賓語和狀語，組成動詞不定式短語。、動詞不定式的形式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義一般時to doto be done表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或

4、發(fā)生在謂語動作之后完成時to have doneto have bee n done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前進(jìn)行時to be doing表示謂語動作發(fā)生時，不定式 的動作正在進(jìn)行I pla n to attend the meet in gto be held tomorrow.我打算參加明天舉行的會議。（attend的動作在plan之后發(fā)生，且meeting與hold 為被動關(guān)系）They are saidto be studyingpsychology.據(jù)說他們正研究心理學(xué)。（be said與study同時發(fā)生）Im very sorry to have kept you sitti n

5、g around doing no thi ng.讓你一直無所事事閑坐著我很抱歉。（keep發(fā)生在be sorry之前）No harm seemsto have been dond以乎并沒有什么危害發(fā)生。（do發(fā)生在seem之前，且harm與do之間是被動關(guān)系）名師點津 動詞不定式的否定式在不定式符號to前加not;不帶to的不定式則在動詞前加not。Zhang Ming asked menot to stay at home all day.張明要我不要整天待在家里。My mother let me not do it by myself.媽媽讓我不要獨自做這件事。 “疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)

6、構(gòu)疑問詞“what, how, when, where, which +動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可作主語、表語和賓語等。He didnt know what to ask（賓語）他不知道該問些什么。My questi on is when to start（表語）我的問題是何時開始。即時訓(xùn)練1用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 They seem to have known（k now） each other for a long time. They pretended to be working（work） hard when the teacher came in.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：19142019】 I wan

7、 ted the letter to be typed（type） at on ce.二、不定式的句法功能動詞不定式在句中不能獨立作謂語，但可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、表語和狀語等多種成分。1 作主語To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他談話是一件非常愉快的事。名師點津 為了避免頭重腳輕 ，在許多情況下 ，通常都將作主語的不定式置于句子后部 ， 用 it 作形式主語 ，放在句首。 若要說明不定式的動作的執(zhí)行者 ，可以在不定式前面加上 “for/of n./pron.” 結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)形容詞表達(dá)事物的特征時用for sb.;當(dāng)形容詞表達(dá)人所具有的特征或品

8、 質(zhì)時用 of sb.，這樣的形容詞有 careful, cruel，foolish，brave, good, honest, kind， rude， polite， nice， stupid， wise， wrong 等。It s very important for you to rememberthis.對你來說記住這一點很重要。It s very kind of you to helpme.你能幫我真是太好了。2作表語不定式作表語主要有三種情況,一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out 等連系動詞之后的不定式（尤其是to be）；二是像My job is to

9、 sweep the floor（我的工作就是擦地板 ）這樣的主語與表語“等價”的情形;三是表示想法、約定、義務(wù)、命 令、可能性、命運等。He seemsto be ill.他似乎有病。Her wish is to bea teacher.她的愿望就是當(dāng)一名教師。We areto meet at the station at three.我們約定 3 點鐘在車站見面。 （表約定）3作賓語常接不定式而不接動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語有：“決心學(xué)會想希望”： decide/determine, learn, want, hope/wish/expect/long“設(shè)法假裝在拒絕”： manage, p

10、retend, refuse“主動答應(yīng)選計劃”： offer, promise, choose, plan“同意請求幫一幫” ： ag re e, ask/beg, help外加 afford, fail , would like/love , threaten。I cant afford to buy a car我買不起汽車。I like swimming，but I don t like to swimthis afternoon. 我喜歡游泳，但我今天下午不想游泳。名師點津不定式作賓語后跟賓語補足語時 ，常把不定式后移而用形式賓語 it 代替 ，常見句式：think/believe/co

11、nsider/find/feel, etc.+ it + adj./n. + 不定式。I think it necessaryto send foran expert.我認(rèn)為請位專家來是有必要的。4作賓語補足語通?？蓭Р欢ㄊ阶髻e語補足語的動詞： advise， allow， ask， bear， beg， cause， command， encourage， expect， forbid， force， get， hate， help， intend， invite， leave， like， mean， need， oblige， order， permit， persuade， prefe

12、r， request， remind， teach， tell， trouble， want， warn， wish 等。What caused himto changehis mind?是什么使他改變主意的？He didn t allow the studentsto gothere.他不允許學(xué)生們?nèi)ツ莾骸?作定語I have a questionto ask you.我有一個問題要問你。He is not a manto tell a lie.他不是個說謊的人。名師點津不定式與被修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系 ，且句中有該不定式的邏輯主語時 ，該不定式用 主動形式表被動意義。如果這個不定式是不及物動詞

13、 ， 其后應(yīng)有相應(yīng)的介詞。 The Browns have a comfortable houseto live in.布朗一家有一幢舒適的房子可以居住。6不定式作狀語 (1)動詞不定式可以用作目的狀語。注意其他非謂語動詞形式不能用作目的狀語。To succeed， one must first of all believe in himself. 要想成功，首先必須相信自己。第 5 頁o nly to do sth.為不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。We hurried to the station only to be toldthat the train had left.我們急匆

14、匆趕到車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已開走了。(3) 形容詞或過去分詞作表語時，后面可接不定式作原因狀語。常見詞有：happy, lucky，glad，sorry，an xious，proud，disappo in ted, an gry，surprised, ready，delighted， clever，foolish， pleased, fortunate，right 等。You will n ever know how happy I was to seeher yesterday.你永遠(yuǎn)不會知道昨天看到她時，我是多么高興。(4) 在“主語+系動詞+表語(形容詞)+ to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的

15、主動形式表示 被動意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult，important, impossible， interesting, pleasan, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。The box is not easyto carry.這個箱子不易攜帶。7. 動詞不定式與疑問詞 who, which, when, where, how, what等連用，在句中起名詞的作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。How to solve the problems very importa nt.如何解決那個問題很重要。(作主語)即時訓(xùn)

16、練2用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the in dustrial polluti on and clea n the water. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver but he refused to stop (stop) un til we reached the n ext stop. He is thought to have acted (act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to b

17、lame for los ing the job.三、省略to的情況1. 在某些使役動詞或感官動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式，常不帶 to；如果 這些動詞用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，其后的to就必須補上。這類詞可以用以下口訣助記：一感：feel 二聽：listen to, hear 三讓： make, have, let 五看：see, watch, observe look at, noticeI ofte n hear him sing the song.我經(jīng)常聽見他唱那首歌。He is ofte n heard to singthe song.他經(jīng)常被人聽見唱那首歌。2. 在以why引導(dǎo)的疑問句中，表

18、示建議，不定式不帶to。Why congratulate her?為什么要祝賀她呢？Why not conduct the in terview right now?為什么不馬上主持面試呢？3. 在 cannot bu, cannot choose but cannot help but之后的動詞不定式不帶 to。I cannot but admirehis courage.我只有佩服他的勇氣。4. 動詞不定式在but, except，besides后面時，如果這些詞之前有行為動詞do, 那么，這些詞后的動詞不定式不帶to,否則要帶to。She could do no thi ng but c

19、ry.她除了哭，不能做任何事。I have no choicebut to work for the firm.除了為這家公司工作，我別無選擇。What do you like to do besides swir?除了游泳，你還喜歡做什么？5. 為了避免重復(fù)，動詞不定式可省去to。r m really puzzled about what to think or say.想什么，說什么，我確實困惑了。名師點津在 expect, hope, wish，mean, prefer，forget，want，try 以及 be glad, be happy, would like , should l

20、ove, would love等后面，常用to來代替前面的不定式,以避 免重復(fù)。I havent con ducted a performa nce but wish to.我沒有主持過演出，但是我希望。即時訓(xùn)練3用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 I had nothing to do but wait (wait) outside of the gate. Why not turn (turn) off the gas at once? They couldnt choose but stay (stay) there.語法應(yīng)用落實I .單句語法填空1. Let me hear you play (

21、play) the violin.2. Tom worked hard, only to fail (fail) again at last.3. The question is very difficult to answer (answer).4. The boy was seen to fall (fall) suddenly from the tree.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：19142019】5. He pretended to be reading (read) the text when I came in.6. It is an honor for me to be invited (invite) to attend the meeting.7. The goal of this activity is to meet (meet) the n eeds of com mon people.8. The engine just won t start.Something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it.9. Jack was in low spirits those days and his