1、單位代碼 01 學號 090111044 分 類 號 o24 密 級 文獻翻譯基于獨立學院本科生畢業設計存在的問題及對策分析院（系）名稱信息工程學院 專業名稱信息與計算科學 學生姓名 指導教師 2013年 3 月 1 日黃河科技學院畢業論文(文獻翻譯) 第 12 頁基于獨立學院本科生畢業設計存在的問題及對策分析 蔡航峰,丁建波浙江工業大學之江學院，p.r.china，310024caihf摘 要獨立學院本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）是教學程序中的一個重要實踐環節，也是人才培養的一個主要課程.為了進一步提高獨立學院本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）的質量，諸如缺乏管理制度、導師指導不力以及內在質量差等在教學

2、環節中出現的類似問題需要加以詳細分析.從獨立院校的實際情況出發，關于畢業論文話題和導師對提高學生能力的引導的一些對策，應該有助于提高獨立學院本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）的質量.關鍵詞：本科畢業生畢業設計（論文），存在問題，對策，獨立院校1引言在獨立學院中，本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）是教學環節里最重要最集中的實踐環節.畢業設計的質量在一定程度上反映了整個教學水平、師資力量和學科建設.提高本科畢業生畢業論設計（論文）的質量是一個重要的環節以及獨立院校內涵建設的具體表現，同時也是獨立院校促進可持續發展的直接動力.在2008年，浙江省教育部門第一次抽查了獨立學院畢業生的畢業設計（論文）.這個抽查結果表明

3、：與傳統本科院校相比，獨立院校的畢業生所做的畢業設計（論文）不夠好.為了進一步提高獨立學院本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）的質量，這篇論文會對本科生畢業設計中可能存在的問題作出分析.從獨立院校的實際情況出發，應該做出一些對策來提高獨立學院本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）的質量.2獨立院校本科生畢業設計（論文）所存在的問題目前，大多數獨立院校已經致力于增強本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）中的教學和指導環節，并且在畢業環節中建立了標準化的管理系統，這些努力已經獲得了一定的成果.然而，我們也應該看到，獨立學院本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）的整體水平還不是很高，并且仍然存在問題.主要存在的問題如下所示.2.1缺乏系統管理以

4、及執行不力很多獨立院校對本科生畢業設計建立了標準化的管理系統.但是，在不少獨立院校中，畢業設計的實施細則、質量控制和安全系統都遠非完美.尤其，對于畢業環節的管理過程，一些獨立院校缺乏一個有效的途徑，這就導致很多學生對于本科生畢業設計（論文）漠不關心，而導師指導成為一個純粹的形式.此外，一些獨立院校不能對畢業設計質量進行嚴格把關.而且，由于受到學生就業的影響，甚至出現這樣一種現象：很多獨立院校不惜“犧牲”本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）的質量來完成學生就業率.2.2關于導師指導的問題有的指導導師缺乏一種責任感，而且沒有對本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）的完成加以同步規范，導致一些本科生的畢業設計（論文）未能

5、達到教學要求.有的指導老師對學生做出讓步而不對他們嚴格要求.而有的指導老師沒有指出和糾正他們的學生的畢業設計（論文）中的一些明顯錯誤，這就導致論文缺乏格式標準，尤其是不完全和不標準的引文和參考文獻.2.3內在質量問題2.3.1主題論文主題的某一部分脫離了實踐，或者背離了他們本身所學專業的培養目標.2.3.2文獻綜述許多學生不懂如何寫文獻綜述，并且在相關領域對現況研究和發展趨勢缺乏一個全面的認識，大多數文獻甚至寫與本科生畢業設計本身有關的內容.2.3.3外文翻譯一些學生的翻譯材料沒能達到標準，且翻譯質量很低.此外，許多國外翻譯材料的內容與本科生畢業設計（論文）的主題幾乎沒有聯系.2.3.4論文的

6、規范格式引文的標點符號不能達到要求而且格式不統一.論文中的圖表不符合標準.同時，畢業實踐環節中許多指導老師在指導過程中缺乏詳細的記錄.獨立學院、教學人員和研究部門不能嚴格地審計相關資料.2.3.5論文的質量不少學生論文的結構是不合理的，并且論文的結構和邏輯不能進一步得以調整，有的學生論文上下文以及段落之間缺乏鏈接和過渡成分，還有的學生論文語言不流利或者邏輯不嚴謹，等等.同時，很多學生很好的掌握和運用專業的基本理論與技巧.3提高獨立學院本科生畢業設計（論文）質量的對策畢業環節是最后一個也是最重要的一個集中實踐環節.獨立學院必須面對的一個重要的現實問題就是：如何有效地提高本科生畢業設計（論文）的質

7、量，且確保這一重要教學任務得以能順利完成.3.1統一思想，提高認識獨立學院的本科生畢業設計（論文）是教學計劃的一個重要的實踐環節，同時也是人才培養的一個主要課程.目前，由于學院、導師和學生不能給予足夠重視，所以獨立學院的本科生畢業設計（論文）的質量很低.因此，獨立學院應該充分認識本科生畢業設計（論文）的重要性，同時明確指導老師的責任并且讓他們全力以赴地去指導本科生的畢業設計（論文）.同時，關于畢業生畢業實習環節的教育工作應該得以展開，各種形式的宣傳工作也應該得到實施，這樣才將會使畢業生首先關注于本科生畢業設計（論文），而且也能提高他們對本科生畢業設計（論文）的意識.3.2選題工作的重要性學生論

8、文主題的選擇是至關重要的，它不僅與本科生畢業設計（論文）的質量有聯系，而且與人才培養以及學生的創新精神和實踐能力有關.適當的主題對于拓寬學生的知識與培養他們的綜合素質大有好處，而且這樣的主題也能增加他們對于本科生畢業設計（論文）的興趣，從而對于順利完成課程設計（論文）奠定了良好的基礎.因此，獨立學院在選題工作上應該多下點功夫.主題應符合專業培養目標且面向當地社會經濟的發展，并應結合科學研究和生產.同時，論文主題應與獨立學院的人才培養的特點相一致.獨立學院必須改革傳統的論文主題選擇模式，根據學生的能力去指導他們.學生的熱情和主動性必須充分發揮作用.3.3努力做好團隊建設和指導老師管理在畢業環節中

9、，指導老師的水平和責任對于本科生畢業設計（論文）的質量來說是一個重要的因素.由于獨立學院的歷史很短，并且這個團隊主要由年輕的老師組成，所以他們的科學研究水平和指導經驗相對不足.除此之外，由于招生數量增加的影響，許多獨立學院里指導老師數量很難滿足學生指導的需要.因此，目前存在一個常見的現象：在獨立學院的導師團隊里，兼職老師占據相當大的比例，很多兼職老師指導學生時做得不夠太好，指導結果也不太令人滿意.這樣的話，為了提高本科畢業生畢業設計（論文）指導的質量，必須采取一些措施.首先，獨立學院要加強本身指導團隊的建設；其次，對于那些有著強烈責任感、一定教學理論的并且有著豐富實踐經驗的兼職老師，應該給予分

10、配，而對于另外一些以敷衍的態度去履行責任的或者在先前論文指導工作中學生不太滿意的老師，應該不再給予選擇；最后，應該對指導老師的指導情況進行不定期抽查且檢驗結果要公諸于眾.3.4提高學生的基本能力獨立學院的學生的文化知識水平相對很低，而且他們的自我教育能力、自我管理能力和自我法無能力很不理想.這就要求所有的大學平常應該專門訓練學生的科學研究意識和寫作技巧，并組織資深的能勝任的老師去開展關于外文翻譯、文學評論和學術文章的相關教學活動，這將會為本科生畢業設計（論文）打下良好的基礎.學生也應該盡量去提高他們圖表數據處理能力、計算機信息檢索能力、軟件應用能力以及獨立分析問題解決問題能力.學生必須學會如何

11、運用現有的知識去處理問題，除此之外，他們也應該消化和吸收這些知識，并在最后能形成自己的觀點.4結論在新形勢下，獨立學院正處于發展和探索階段，是屬于更高教育機制和模式的一種探索和創新，因此，在本科生畢業設計（論文）的教學環節的過程中，必然會遇到這些存在的問題.只要獨立學院能高度重視并且對這種環節采取有效的措施，本科生畢業設計（論文）的質量一定會得以提高.致謝這項工作是由浙江科技大學教育改革項目所贊助.3.樓盛華.提高本科生畢業設計（論文）質量的探索與實踐j.浙江理工大學學報,2008,25(3):309312(漢版) 6.鄭慶柱.獨立學院人才培養模式探究-結合浙江省溫州市所屬獨立學院人才培養模式

12、分析j.教學研究,2008,(7):.103106 (漢版) 附:英文原文the analysis of existing problems and countermeasures about theundergraduates graduation design of independent collegescai hangfeng, ding jianbozhijiang college of zhejiang university of technology, p.r.china, 310024caihfabstract：the undergraduates graduation des

13、ign (thesis) of independent colleges is an important practice link in teaching program and a main course on the training of talents. in order to further enhance the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges, common problems of teaching link such as lack of admi

14、nistration systems, irregular guidance of teachers and inherent poor quality are analyzed in detail. from the reality of independent colleges, several countermeasures from the topic of graduation thesis and teacher guidance to the capacity development of students are proposed to improve the quality

15、of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). keyword：the undergraduates graduation design (thesis), existing problems, countermeasures,independent colleges1 introductionthe undergraduates graduation design (thesis) is the most important concentrated practice link in teaching program in independ

16、ent colleges. its quality reflects the overall level of teaching, teaching forces and discipline construction to a certain extent. improving the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) is an important link and specific exhibition of the connotation construction in independent colleg

17、es, and is also a direct driving force to promote the sustainable development ofindependent colleges 1. in 2008, education department of zhejiang province spot-checked the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges for the first time 2. the results of this ransom inspection sh

18、owed that compared with traditional undergraduate colleges and universities, the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges was poor. in order to further enhance the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges, this paper ana

19、lyzes existing problems of undergraduates graduation design (thesis). from the reality of independent colleges, several countermeasures are proposed to improve the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis).2 the problems of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) ofindependent c

20、ollegesnow, most of independent colleges have paid attention to strengthen teaching and guidance links of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis), and established the standardized management systems for graduation link, which have achieved certain results. however, we should also see that the

21、overall quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) in independent colleges is not high, there are still more problems. the main problems are as follows.2.1 the lack of management systems and ineffective implementation most of independent colleges established the standardized management

22、 systems of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). but, executive detailed rules, quality control and security systems have been far from perfection in many independent colleges. especially, for process management of graduation link, many independent colleges lacked an effective way, which c

23、aused many students to pay less attention to the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) and teacher guidance to become a mere formality3. in addition, some independent colleges didnt control strictly the quality. furthermore, because of the impact of student employment, it even appeared the pheno

24、menon that some sacrifice the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) in order to complete the employment rate.2.2 the problems of teacher guidancesome guidance teachers lacked a sense of responsibility and didnt implement in accordance with the work specification of the undergradua

25、tes graduation design (thesis), the topics of some undergraduates graduation designs (theses) failed to come up to the teaching requirement. some teachers made concessions for students and didnt require them strictly. some didnt point out and correct some obvious mistakes which were found in their s

26、tudents undergraduates graduation designs (theses), which resulted in the lack of paper format standard, especially in the incompletion and non-standard of citations and references 4.2.3 the problems of inherent quality2.3.1 topicsa part of thesis topics were apart from practice and deviated from th

27、e training objective of their own professions.2.3.2 literature reviewmany students didnt understand how to write literature review and lack a comprehensive review with research situation and development trend in the relevant field. a lot of literature even wrote the content of the undergraduates gra

28、duation design（thesis）itself.2.3.3 translation of foreign languagethe translation materials of some students didnt come up to the standard and the quality of translation was low. in addition, the contents of some foreign materials were less association with the topics of the undergraduates graduatio

29、n design (thesis).2.3.4 the format specification of thesisthe mark of references didnt come up to the requirement and the format wasnt uniform. the charts didnt conform to the criterion. at the same time, many guidance teachers in graduation practice link lacked detailed records in the course of gui

30、dance. independents colleges and the teaching and research sections didnt audit related materials strictly.2.3.5 the quality of thesisthe thesis framework of many students was unreasonable, the logic and structure of theses didnt been further adjusted. the contexts and paragraphs were less links and

31、 transition. the language wasnt fluent enough and logic wasnt rigorous and so on. simultaneously, many students didnt grasp and apply the professions basic theory and skills very well.3 the countermeasures of improving the undergraduates graduation design（thesis）of the independent collegesthe gradua

32、tion link is the last and most important concentrated practice link. independent colleges must face an important realistic problem that is how to effectively improve the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) and ensure this important teaching task finished successfully.3.1 the uni

33、ty of thinking, the enhancement of awarenessthe undergraduates graduation design（thesis）of independent colleges is an important practice link in teaching program, and a main course on the training of talents. currently, the quality of the undergraduates graduation design（thesis）of independent colleg

34、es is low, because colleges, teachers and students dont pay enough attention to the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) to a large extent. accordingly, independent colleges should be fully aware of the importance of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) and clearly define the responsib

35、ilities of guidance teachers, and make guidance teachers try their best to guide the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). at the same time, the education work of the graduation practice link for graduates should be made and the propaganda in various forms should be carried out, which will make

36、 graduates firstly pay attention to the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) in mind and enhance their consciousness do with the undergraduates graduation design (thesis).3.2 importance of topic selection workthe students choice of thesis topics is crucial, which is related to not only the qual

37、ity of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) but only the training of talent training specifications and innovative spirit and practical ability of students 5. appropriate topics are of great benefit for students to broaden their knowledge and cultivate their overall quality, and enhance the

38、 students interest for the undergraduates graduation design (thesis), which lays a good foundation for completing the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) successfully. therefore, independent colleges should take great efforts to make topic selection work. topics should meet professional traini

39、ng targets and be oriented to the local and regional social economic development, and combine with scientific research and production. at the same time, thesis topics should be consistent with the characteristics of talent cultivation of independent colleges. independent colleges must reform the tra

40、ditional topic selection pattern and teach students according to their aptitude. the enthusiasm and initiative of students must be given full play.3.3 making a good job for team-building and management of guidance teachersin the graduation link, the level and responsibility of guidance teachers is a

41、n important factor for the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). on account of a short history of independent colleges, the team of guidance teachers has composed mainly of young teachers, their scientific research level and guidance experience is deficient relatively. moreover,

42、due to the impact of increased enrollment, the number of guidance teachers in many independent is difficult to meet the needs of guiding students. thus, there is a common phenomenon that the number of part-time teachers accounts for a large proportion in the guidance teacher team of independent coll

43、eges, some part-time teachers didnt do enough to guide the students and the guidance results werent satisfactory. therefore, in order to improving the guidance quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis), some measures must be made. firstly, independent colleges must strengthen the cons

44、truction of own guidance team. secondly, part-time teachers who own strong sense of responsibility, certain theoretical and teaching level and a wealth of practical experience should be assigned. other part-time teachers whom performed their duties in a perfunctory manner and were dissatisfied by st

45、udents in the previous guidance work would be no longer selected. in addition, guidance situations of guidance teachers should be spot-checked irregularly and the inspection results would be notified publicly.3.4 enhancing the basic abilities of studentsthe students in independent colleges are relat

46、ively poor quality of cultural knowledge. the students capacity of self-education, self-management and self-service is weak 6. it demands that all colleges usually focus on the training of scientific research consciousness and writing skills of students, and organize competent and experienced teache

47、rs to carry out teaching activities in the writing of translation of foreign language, literature review and scholarly articles, which would be laid a good foundation for the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). students should try their best to improve the ability of graph and data processing

48、, computer information retrieval, software application, independent analysis of issues and problem-solving. students must learn how to draw from existing knowledge. furthermore, they should digest and absorb this knowledge and form their own point of view at last.4 conclusionindependent college which is still in the development and exploratory stage is an exploration and innovation of the mechanism and mode for higher education in the new situation. thus, the existing problems in the teaching link of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) should be certainly experie