科技大學英文翻譯題目英文翻譯院（系、部_化學與化工學院_專業及班級_礦物加工_姓名_指導教師_日期_2010320_PHYSICALANDCHEMICALINTERACTIONSINCOALFLOTATIONABSTRACTCOALFLOTATIONISACOMPLEXPROCESSINVOLVINGSEVERALPHASESPARTICLES,OILDROPLETSANDAIRBUBBLESTHESEPHASESSIMULTANEOUSLYINTERACTWITHEACHOTHERANDWITHOTHERSPECIESSUCHASTHEMOLECULESOFAPROMOTINGREAGENTANDDISSOLVEDIONSINWATERTHEPHYSICALANDCHEMICALINTERACTIONSDETERMINETHEOUTCOMEOFTHEFLOTATIONPROCESSPHYSICALANDCHEMICALINTERACTIONSBETWEENFINECOALPARTICLESCOULDLEADTOAGGREGATION,ESPECIALLYFORHIGHRANKCOALSNONSELECTIVEPARTICLEAGGREGATIONCOULDBESAIDTOBETHEMAINREASONFORTHESELECTIVITYPROBLEMSINCOALFLOTATIONITSHOULDBEADDRESSEDBYPHYSICALCONDITIONINGORCHEMICALPROMOTERSPRETREATMENTBEFOREORDURINGFLOTATIONALTHOUGHTHEINTERACTIONSBETWEENTHEOILDROPLETSANDCOALPARTICLESAREACTUALLYFAVORED,STABILIZATIONOFTHEOILDROPLETSBYSMALLAMOUNTSOFFINEHYDROPHOBICPARTICLESMAYLEADTOADECREASEINSELECTIVITYANDANINCREASEINOILCONSUMPTIONTHESEPROBLEMSCOULDBEREMEDIEDBYUSEOFPROMOTERSTHATMODIFYTHECOALSURFACEFORSUITABLEPARTICLEPARTICLE,DROPLETPARTICLEANDPARTICLEBUBBLECONTACTWHILEEMULSIFYINGTHEOILDROPLETSTHEROLEOFPROMOTERSMAYBEDIFFERENTFORDIFFERENTTYPESOFCOALS,HOWEVERTHEYCOULDBEEMPLOYEDASMODIFIERSTOINCREASETHEHYDROPHOBICITYOFLOWRANKCOALSWHEREASTHEIRMAINROLEMIGHTBEEMULSIFICATIONANDAGGREGATIONCONTROLFORHIGHRANKCOALSINTHISPAPER,ADETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEVARIOUSPHASESINCOALFLOTATION,THEIRPHYSICALANDCHEMICALINTERACTIONSWITHEACHOTHERINTHEFLOTATIONPULP,THEMAJORPARAMETERSTHATAFFECTTHESEINTERACTIONSANDHOWTHESEINTERACTIONS,INTURN,INFLUENCETHEFLOTATIONPROCESSAREDISCUSSEDAUTHORKEYWORDSCOALFLOTATIONAGGREGATION1INTRODUCTIONCONVENTIONALFROTHFLOTATIONFORFINECOALCLEANINGSUFFERSMAINLYFROMTWOPROBLEMSIALACKOFSELECTIVITYFORFASTFLOATINGHIGHRANKCOALSDUETOTHEFLOTATIONOFMIDDLINGSANDENTRAINMENTOFMINERALFINESINTHEFROTH,ANDIILOWRECOVERIESFORHEAVILYOXIDIZEDORLOWRANKCOALSDUETOPOORADHESIONBETWEENBUBBLESANDPARTICLESTHESESHORTCOMINGSCANBEADDRESSEDAPPRECIABLYBYSELECTIONOFBETTERPROCESSCONTROLANDBYUSEOFMULTISTAGEFLOTATIONCIRCUITSOLSONANDAPLAN,1984ANDARNOLD,2000,WHICH,INTURN,REQUIRESAGOODUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEROLESANDBEHAVIOROFVARIOUSCOMPONENTSINTHEFLOTATIONPULPANDTHEMECHANISMSINVOLVEDINTHISPAPER,ADETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEVARIOUSPHASESINTHECOALFLOTATIONPULP,THEIRINTERACTIONSWITHEACHOTHERANDHOWTHESEINTERACTIONSAFFECTTHEFLOTATIONPROCESSAREDISCUSSED2DISPERSEPHASESINCOALFLOTATIONTHEREARETHREEDISPERSEDPHASESTHATCONSTITUTEFLOTATIONPULPCOALPARTICLES,OILDROPLETSANDAIRBUBBLESTHESEPHASESINTERACTINWATERASTHEMEDIUMTHROUGHVARIOUSSUBPROCESSESDURINGFLOTATIONWHICHAREIDENTIFIEDINFIG1SEVERALPARAMETERSAFFECTTHESESUBPROCESSESANDHENCETHEOUTCOMEOFTHEFLOTATIONPROCESSTHESEPARAMETERSAREDIVIDEDINTOFOURGROUPSASILLUSTRATEDINFIG2THESEAREMATERIAL,CHEMICAL,OPERATIONALANDEQUIPMENTPARAMETERSTHEPARAMETERSTHATMIGHTFLUCTUATEANDNEEDADJUSTMENTONAREGULARBASISEGDAILYAREREFERREDTOASLEVELIPARAMETERSTHOSETHATARESETDURINGTHEDESIGNSTAGEORAFTERAMAJORRENOVATIONAREREFERREDTOASLEVELIIPARAMETERSSOMEPARAMETERSARENOTCONTROLLEDDUETOINHERENTMATERIALCHARACTERISTICSANDPRACTICALLIMITATIONS,ANDTHEYAREREFERREDTOASTHELEVELIIIPARAMETERSSOMEEXAMPLESOFTHESEPARAMETERSARELISTEDINFIG2ADETAILEDDISCUSSIONOFVARIOUSPHASESANDTHEEFFECTOFTHEIRINTERACTIONSONTHEFLOTATIONPROCESSAREPRESENTEDBELOWFULLSIZEIMAGE21KFIG1ASCHEMATICREPRESENTATIONOFVARIOUSSUBPROCESSESINCOALFLOTATIONFULLSIZEIMAGE34KFIG2PROCESSVARIABLESINFLOTATION21COALCOALISDEFINEDASAHETEROGENEOUSCOMBUSTIBLESEDIMENTARYROCKFORMEDFROMPLANTREMAINSINVARIOUSSTAGESOFPRESERVATIONBYPROCESSES,WHICHINVOLVEDTHECOMPACTIONOFTHEMATERIALBURIEDINBASINS,INITIALLYOFMODERATEDEPTHIHCP,1963WITHANASHCONTENTOFLESSTHAN50ECEUNDOCUMENT,1991SOMEOTHERCLASSIFICATIONSOFCOALSAREALSOGIVENINTHELITERATURELEMOSDESOUSAETAL,1992THREEMAINPARAMETERSARECONSIDEREDINCLASSIFYINGCOALS,NAMELYTYPE,WHICHREFERSTOTHEPETROGRAPHICCOMPOSITION,RANK,WHICHREFERSTOTHELEVELOFCOALIFICATION,ANDGRADE,WHICHREFERSTOTHEAMOUNTOFINORGANICMATTERCONTENTMICROSCOPICALLY,COALHASACROSSLINKEDNETWORKSTRUCTUREOFPOLYMERICMACROMOLECULESASINDICATEDBYINSOLUBILITYANDSWELLINGOFCOALINANORGANICSOLVENTIINO,2000ANDMARZEC,2002MACROSCOPICALLY,ITISMADEUPOFFINELYMIXEDDISCRETEORGANICENTITIESKNOWNASMACERALS,WHICHFALLINTOTHREEMAINGROUPSWITHDIFFERENTPHYSICALANDCHEMICALPROPERTIESVITRINITE,EXINITELIPTINITEANDINERTINITEJIMENEZETAL,1998THEBANDSOFTHESEMACERALS,WHICHCANBEDISTINGUISHEDBYNAKEDEYE,ARECALLEDLITHOTYPESTHEMAINLITHOTYPESAREVITRAINVITRINITERICH,FUSAININERTINITERICH,CLARAINVITRINITEANDEXINITERICHANDDURAININERTINITEANDEXINITERICHVITRINITEISTHEMAJORMACERALGROUPINHUMICCOALSANDCONTRIBUTESSIGNIFICANTLYTOTHEIRBEHAVIORININDUSTRIALPROCESSESRANGINGFROMFLOTATIONTOCOMBUSTIONTOCOKINGALTHOUGHDIFFERENCESINWETTINGBEHAVIOROFVARIOUSMACERALSISWELLRECOGNIZED,THEQUANTIFICATIONOFWETTINGBEHAVIOROFAGIVENCOALSAMPLEREMAINSAFORMIDABLETASKFOREXAMPLE,VITRAINANDFUSAINDIFFERINELEMENTALCOMPOSITION,OXYGENCONTAININGFUNCTIONALGROUPS,HYDROPHOBICITYANDELECTROKINETICBEHAVIORSHUETAL,2002,THEREFORE,DISPLAYDIFFERENTDEGREESOFFLOATABILITYBURDON,1962,SUNANDCOHEN,1969,SARKARETAL,1984,ARNOLDANDAPLAN,1989,HOLUSZKOANDLASKOWSKI,1996,AGUS,1997ANDZHENG,1997APLANANDARNOLD,1986WHOSTUDIEDVARIOUSUSCOALSUSINGCONTACTANGLETOQUANTIFYTHEHYDROPHOBICITYOFCOALMACERALSFOUNDTHATTHEORDEROFHYDROPHOBICITYFROMTHEHIGHESTTOTHELOWESTWASASFOLLOWSLIPTINITEVITRINITEINERTINITEWITHTYPICALCONTACTANGLESRANGINGFROM90TO130,60TO70AND25TO40,RESPECTIVELYNEARLYTHESAMEORDERINGOFLITHOTYPESANDMACERALSFORFLOATABILITYWASOBSERVEDINCONVENTIONALANDCOLUMNFLOTATIONTESTSSUNANDCOHEN,1969,BROWN,1979,ARNOLDANDAPLAN,1988,KIZGUT,1996,ATTIA,1999,BARNWALL,2000ANDHOWERETAL,2000HYDROPHOBICITYOFCOALDEPENDSSTRONGLYONITSRANKASWASSHOWNBYTHECONTACTANGLEMEASUREMENTSGUTIERREZRODRIGUEZETAL,1984THECAPTIVEBUBBLECONTACTANGLEVARIEDFROM0FORTHELIGNITESTO55FORTHEBITUMINOUSCOALS,DECREASINGDOWNTOAROUND30WITHFURTHERINCREASEINRANKTOANTHRACITEITSHOULDBENOTEDHOWEVERTHATAGIVENCOALWOULDDISPLAYADISTRIBUTIONOFCONTACTANGLESOWINGTOITSHETEROGENEOUSSTRUCTUREINARECENTSTUDY,POLATANDCHANDER,1999SHOWED,USINGAMODIFIEDCONTACTANGLEMEASUREMENTMETHOD,THATTHESURFACEOFAHVABITUMINOUSCOALDISPLAYEDADISTRIBUTIONOFCAPTIVEBUBBLECONTACTANGLESRANGINGFROM40TO58FIG3ACTHESAMEFIGUREALSOCONTAINSTHECASEWHERETHECONTACTANGLESAREMEASUREDINTHEPRESENCEOFAPEO/PPOBLOCKCOPOLYMERITCANBEOBSERVEDTHATADSORPTIONOFAPROMOTERNOTONLYCHANGESTHEHYDROPHOBICITYOFTHESURFACE,BUTITALSOSEEMSTOMAKETHESURFACEMOREUNIFORMWITHRESPECTTOITSWETTINGCHARACTERFIG3DFULLSIZEIMAGE14KFIG3THECAPTIVEBUBBLECONTACTANGLESONAHVABITUMINOUSCOALBYTHEMODIFIEDCONTACTANGLEMETHODPOLATANDCHANDER,1999THECOALSAMPLEWASFROMPITTSBURGHSEAMDATAINEACHFIGURECORRESPONDTOADIFFERENTSETOFCONTACTANGLEMEASUREMENTSFROM40BUBBLESGRAPHSA,BANDCAREREPEATTESTTODEMONSTRATETHEREPRODUCIBILITYOFTHEMETHODGRAPHDISUNDERIDENTICALCONDITIONSEXCEPTFORTHEPRESENCEOFTHEBLOCKCOPOLYMERL64211EFFECTOFTHESIZEANDLOCKINGOFCOALPARTICLESONFLOTATIONMANYSTUDIESHAVEBEENCONDUCTEDTODETERMINETHEEFFECTOFPARTICLESIZE,SHAPEANDDEGREEOFPARTICLELOCKINGLIBERATIONONCOALFLOTATIONFOREXAMPLE,VARBANOV,1984CONCLUDEDTHATTHEFLOTATIONRATEDEPENDSSTRONGLYONPARTICLESIZEBUTNOTASMUCHONPARTICLESHAPETHEPARTICLESIZE,WHEREAMAXIMUMINTHEFLOTATIONRATEANDTHEFINALRECOVERYISOBTAINED,VARIESWIDELYDEPENDINGONTHECONDITIONSOFOPERATIONROBINSON,1960,RASTOGIANDAPLAN,1985,POLATETAL,1993,POLATETAL,1994AANDPOLATETAL,1994BTHEFLOTATIONRATEINCREASESINITIALLY,REACHESAMAXIMUMANDDECREASESAFTERWARDSWITHINCREASINGPARTICLESIZETHISISDUETOTHECOMBINEDEFFECTOFTHECOLLISION,ANDATTACHMENT/DETACHMENTSUBPROCESSES,DOMINANTINSMALLANDLARGESIZES,RESPECTIVELYALTAWEELETAL,1986NEVERTHELESS,THEEXACTRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEPARTICLESIZEANDFLOTATIONRATEISCOMPLEXANDNOTWELLUNDERSTOOD,MOSTPROBABLYDUETOTHEAGGREGATIONOFFINEPARTICLESINFLOTATIONCHANDERANDPOLAT,1995ANDCHANDERETAL,1995HENCE,ITISDIFFICULTTODETERMINETHEEFFECTOFPRIMARYPARTICLESIZEONTHERATEOFFLOTATIONOFFINECOALPARTICLESTHEOILYCOLLECTORISINTRODUCEDINTOANENVIRONMENTWITHMANYFINEPARTICLES,SOMEOFWHICHARESTRONGLYHYDROPHOBICEVENFORMEDIUMRANKCOALSPOLATANDCHANDER,1994OBSERVEDTHATOILDROPLETSAGGREGATEDSTRONGLYINTHEPRESENCEOFFINEHYDROPHOBICPARTICLES,WHILEHYDROPHILICPARTICLESENHANCEDDISPERSIONBYPREVENTINGTHECOALESCENCEOFDROPLETSTHROUGHARETARDATIONOFFILMTHINNINGTHEASSOCIATIONBETWEENTHEORGANICANDMINERALMATTERINCOAL,WHICHGOESFROMMERELYPHYSICALASSOCIATIONTOTRUECHEMICALBONDING,ISALSOIMPORTANTPUSZETAL,1997WHOSTUDIEDTHEDENSITYFRACTIONSOFCOALSUSINGVITRINITEREFLECTANCE,XRAYDIFFRACTION,FTIRANDMOSSBAUERSPECTROSCOPYFOUNDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTIMPURITYINCOALISSULFUR,WHICHISPRESENTINTHERAWCOALASORGANIC,SULFATICORPYRITICFORMSOFTHESE,PYRITICSULFURISOFTENTHEMAJORFORMAND,IFREASONABLYWELLLIBERATED,ISTHEMOSTREADILYREMOVABLEFORSUCCESSFULREMOVALOFMINERALMATTERFROMCOALFORBETTERFROTHQUALITY,THESEIMPURITIESMUSTBELIBERATEDINMOSTCASES,THISCOULDBEACHIEVEDONLYATEXTREMELYFINESIZESOLSONANDAPLAN,1984THOUGHTHEMINERALPARTICLESDECREASETHEFLOATABILITYOFTHEASSOCIATEDCOALPARTICLESDUETOANINCREASEINTHEPARTICLEDENSITYWHICHLEADSTOPOORATTACHMENTEFFICIENCYANDHIGHERDETACHMENTRATES,LOCKEDPARTICLESDOPOSSESSAFINITEPROBABILITYFORFLOTATIONSINCEASMALLFRACTIONOFHYDROPHOBICSURFACEISSUFFICIENTFORATTACHMENTTOAIRBUBBLESLYNCHETAL,1981WITHINAGIVENSIZEFRACTION,THEPARTICLESOFLOWERSPECIFICGRAVITYRELATIVELYPURECOALPARTICLESFLOATMUCHFASTERTHANTHELOCKEDCOALPYRITEORCOALASHPARTICLESORLIBERATEDPYRITETHEUSEOFOILIMPROVESTHEFLOTATIONRATEOFPARTICLESOFALLSIZESANDSPECIFICGRAVITIESTHOUGHTHEEFFECTISMOREFORTHELOCKEDORMINERALPARTICLESOLSONANDAPLAN,1987,POLATETAL,1993,POLATETAL,1994A,POLATETAL,1994BANDZHOUETAL,1993212EFFECTOFTHEOXIDATIONOFCOALPARTICLESINFLOTATIONTHEOXIDATIONOFCOALSSTARTSWITHTHEPHYSICALADSORPTIONOFOXYGENONTHESURFACETOFORMANOXYCOMPLEXTHEN,CHEMICALADSORPTIONOFOXYGENTAKESPLACETOFORMPOLARPHENOLICOH,CARBONYLS,PHENOLSANDPEROXIDETYPEOXYGENATEDMOIETIESBYTHERUPTUREOFCYCLICRINGSSCHLYERANDWOLF,1981,TEKELYETAL,1987,RAMESHANDSOMASUNDARAN,1989ANDSOMASUNDARANETAL,2000THESEPOLARSPECIESLEADSTOTHEFORMATIONOFHUMICACIDS,WHICHTHENDEGRADEINTOSOLUBLEACIDSFUERSTENAUETAL,1987ADSORPTIONOFOXYGENISEXOTHERMICAND,BESIDESTHEMOIETIESFORMEDONTHECOALSURFACE,SUCHREACTIONPRODUCTSASCO,CO2ANDH2OMAYBERELEASEDFROMTHESTRUCTUREITAYETAL,1989THEMOSTSUSCEPTIBLELINKAGESTOOXIDATIONWEREFOUNDTOBETHECH2GROUPSTOPOLYAROMATICSUSINGAVARIETYOFTECHNIQUESSUCHASFTIR,UVFLUORESCENCEANDDRIFTSPECTROSCOPYCALEMMAETAL,1988,KOCHI,1973,KISTERETAL,1988ANDXIAOETAL,1990ANINTERESTINGPOINTONOXIDATIONWASREVEALEDBYMITCHELLETAL,1996WHOSHOWEDTHATBLUELIGHTIRRADIATIONWASALSOASTRONGAGENTINOXIDIZINGTHEVITRINITESURFACESITWASSHOWNUSINGCONTACTANGLE,FILMFLOTATIONANDFLOTATIONTESTSTHATOXIDATIONOFCOALSLOWERSFLOATABILITYANDTHATLOWERRANKCOALSWEREINFLUENCEDMOREBYOXIDATIONFUERSTENAUETAL,1983,FUERSTENAUETAL,1987,FUERSTENAUETAL,1994,GUTIERREZRODRIGUEZANDAPLAN,1984ANDBOLATETAL,1998THEREASONFORTHEDECREASEINFLOATABILITYISDUETOTHEGENERATIONOFPOLARPHENOLICANDCARBOXYLICGROUPS,WHICHAREKNOWNTOINCREASETHEWETTABILITYANDINCREASETHESURFACECHARGE,BOTHOFWHICHAREKNOWNTOBEDETRIMENTALTOFLOTATIONWEN,1977THEEFFECTCOULDBESUBSTANTIALSARIKAYA,1995REPORTEDTHATUPONOXIDATIONTHEFLOTATIONYIELDDROPPEDFROMANINITIAL95DOWNTO24FORABITUMINOUSCOALUSINGALCOHOLTYPEFROTHERONLYSMALLAMOUNTSOFRESIDUALOXYGENARESUFFICIENTTOBRINGABOUTOXIDATIONKOROBETSKIIETAL,1990NATURALOXIDATIONMAINLYAFFECTSTHEEXTERNALSURFACESOFCOAL,HENCE,FORBETTERFLOTATIONRESULTSTHESIZEREDUCTIONMUSTBERETARDEDASLONGASPOSSIBLEFUERSTENAUETAL,1994POLATETAL,1994AANDPOLATETAL,1994BDEMONSTRATEDTHATUPONWEATHERINGCOALPARTICLESDEVELOPEDCRACKSWHOSEEXTENTWASAFUNCTIONOFCOALRANKLOWRANKCOALPARTICLESDEVELOPEDEXTENSIVECRACKSWHEREASHIGHRANKCOALSDIDNOTSEEMTOBEAFFECTEDPHYSICALLYTHISSUGGESTSTHATFORLOWRANKCOALSOXIDATIONMIGHTHAVEITSADVERSEEFFECTATRELATIVELYLARGERPARTICLESIZESDUETOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCRACKSWHICHHELPTHETRANSFEROFOXYGENINTOINTERIOROFTHEPARTICLESFORMATIONOFCRACKSDURINGOXIDATIONCANALSORESULTINTHEPRODUCTIONOFFINERPARTICLES,WHICHMAYBEDIFFICULTTOFLOATINDETERMININGTHEEFFECTOFOXIDATIONONCOALFLOATABILITY,THEBEHAVIOROFTHEASSOCIATEDMINERALMATTER,ESPECIALLYPYRITE,SHOULDALSOBETAKENINTOACCOUNTOXIDATIONOFPYRITELEADSTOTHEGENERATIONOFVARIOUSSOLUBLEINORGANICSTHATCANADSORBONTHECOALSURFACEANDMODIFYITSWETTABILITYWHILEPYRITEITSELFWASREPORTEDTOSHOWIMPROVEDHYDROPHOBICITYUPONOXIDATIONTAOETAL,1994213EFFECTOFCOALPARTICLEPROMOTERINTERACTIONSONFLOTATIONPRMOTERINTERACTIONSONFLOATIONPROMOTERSACTASSURFACEMODIFIERSANDMAYALTERHYDROPHOBICITYDEPENDINGONTHERANKOFCOALANDPROMOTERCONCENTRATIONLASKOWSKI,1993,LASKOWSKIANDMILLER,1984,LASKOWSKIANDROMERO,1996,ONLINANDAPLAN,1987,ONLINANDAPLAN,1989,CHANDERETAL,1994,CHANDERETAL,1996,POLATANDCHANDER,1998,POLATANDCHANDER,1999,POLATETAL,1994A,POLATETAL,1994B,CELIKANDSEYHAN,1995ANDVAMVUKAANDAGRIDIOTIS,2001ACHANGEINTHESURFACEPROPERTIESOFTHECOALPARTICLESAFFECTSTHEIRATTACHMENTANDDETACHMENTCHARACTERISTICSWITHOTHERDISPERSEDPHASESINFLOTATIONPULPINTHEFLOTATIONOFLOWRANKOROXIDIZEDCOALSWITHHIGHLYNEGATIVESURFACESINTHEPHRANGEOF35,THEUSEOFCATIONICPROMOTERSENHANCEFLOTATIONCAMPELLANDSUN,1970,APLAN,1989,ZHENG,1997ANDVAMVUKAANDAGRIDIOTIS,2001BUSTAMANTEANDWOODS,1984FOUNDTHATADSORPTIONOFDODECYLAMMONIUMONNONPOLARPARTSOFTHECOALSURFACEDECREASEDITSHYDROPHOBICITY,WHILEADSORPTIONONTHEMINERALMATTERCAUSEDANINCREASEINHYDROPHOBICITYONWEATHEREDCOALWHEREBOTHTHECARBONACEOUSANDTHEMINERALMATTERWEREEXTENSIVELYNEGATIVELYCHARGED,DODECYLAMMONIUMWASADSORBEDWITHTHEPOLARGROUPINTERACTINGWITHSURFACEANDTHEREFOREALLTYPESOFCOMPOSITEGRAINSBECAMEHYDROPHOBICNONIONICSURFACTANTSANDWATERSOLUBLEPOLYMERSHAVEBEENUTILIZEDTOMODIFYTHECOALSURFACEHARRIS,1995LIETAL,1992WHOUSEDACOMBLIKEPOLYMERFOUNDTHATTHECOALBECAMEMOREHYDROPHOBICWITHINCREASINGPROMOTERCONCENTRATIONREGARDLESSOFITSORIGINALFLOATABILITYTHEPEO/PPO/PEOTRIBLOCKCOPOLYMERSWEREALSOFOUNDTOIMPROVECOALFLOTATIONANDTHEMECHANISMOFPOLYMERACTIONWASAFUNCTIONOFTHECOALRANKPOLATANDCHANDER,1995,POLATANDCHANDER,1998,POLATANDCHANDER,1999,POLATETAL,1994A,POLATETAL,1994B,POLATETAL,1997ANDCHANDER,1997THESEREAGENTSHADDOUBLEEFFECTONFLOTATIONTHEYMODIFIEDTHECOALSURFACEANDALSOTHEYIMPROVEDTHEEMULSIFICATIONOFTHEOILYCOLLECTORFORHIGHRANKCOALS,WHICHUSUALLYREQUIRERELATIVELYSMALLAMOUNTSOFTHECOLLECTOR,THESURFACEMODIFIERFUNCTIONOFTHEPOLYMERSWASDOMINANTOVERTHEIREMULSIFIERFUNCTIONTHEPOLYMERINCREASEDASHREJECTIONINFLOTATIONPRIMARILYBECAUSETHECOALAGGLOMERATES,WHICHWEREOBSERVEDINTHEFLOTATIONCELL,WERESMALLERANDCONSIDEREDTOBEMORESELECTIVEFORMEDIUMANDLOWRANKCOALS,WHERELARGEROILCONCENTRATIONSWEREREQUIRED,THEPOLYMERACTEDBOTHASANEMULSIFIERANDASURFACEMODIFIERITWASSUGGESTEDBASEDONTHESURFACETENSIONANDCONTACTANGLESTUDIESTHATADSORPTIONOFTHEBLOCKCOPOLYMERSATCOAL/WATERINTERFACEOCCURREDBYADSORPTIONOFPPOGROUPSBYHYDROPHOBICATTRACTIONONTHEMOSTHYDROPHOBICSITES,ANDADSORPTIONOFPEOGROUPSBYHYDROGENBONDINGONTHEHYDROPHILICSITESTHECOVERAGEOFTHEHYDROPHILICSITESONTHESURFACEBYTHEPROMOTERMOLECULESWASPROPOSEDTOBETHEMECHANISMBYWHICHHYDROPHOBICITYINCREASEDFORTHEHIGHRANKCOALS,WHICHCONTAINARELATIVELYSMALLNUMBEROFHYDROPHILICSITES,THEPOLYMERADSORBEDONHYDROPHOBICSITES,RENDERINGCOALLESSHYDROPHOBICTHISWASTHEREASONFORTHEOBSERVEDINCREASEINSELECTIVITYFORHIGHRANKCOALSSINCEITCAUSEDADECREASEINTHESIZEOFTHECOALAGGLOMERATES,HENCE,INTHEAMOUNTSOFASHPARTICLESENTRAPPEDINTHEAGGLOMERATESTRUCTUREEVENTHOUGHITISCOMMONPRACTICETOFLOATCOALFROMTHEASSOCIATEDMINERALMATTER,SEVERALINVESTIGATORSHAVESUGGESTEDTHEFLOTATIONOFPYRITEFROMCOALWITHSIMULTANEOUSDEPRESSIONOFCOALSOMECOALDEPRESSANTSUSEDINTHELITERATUREARESULPHYDRYLCOLLECTORS,NATURALANDMODIFIEDSTARCHESSUCHASDEXTRINESANDNONIONICPOLYMERSPOLYACRYLAMIDEANDPOLYETHYLENEOXIDEMILLER,1973,APLAN,1976,APLAN,1977ANDMOUDGIL,1983NEARLYALLCOALDEPRESSANTSAREALSOPYRITEDEPRESSANTSATASIMILARORSOMEWHATHIGHERCONCENTRATIONSEVERALPYRITEDEPRESSANTSHAVEBEENUSEDINTHELITERATUREOXIDIZINGAGENTSSUCHASPOTASSIUMDICHROMATEANDSODIUMHYPOCHLORITE,REDUCINGAGENTSSUCHASSODIUMSULFIDEANDSODIUMTHIOSULFATE,PHYSICALLYADSORBEDCOLLOIDSSUCHASSTARCHES,VARIOUSDYESSUCHASCONGOREDANDNIGROSINE,DISPERSINGAGENTSUCHASSODIUMSILICATEANDAEROSOLOTANDQUEBRACHO,COMPLEXINGAGENTSSUCHASCITRICACIDANDSODIUMCYANIDE,HYDROLYZEDIONSSUCHASVARIOUSFERRICANDFERROUSCHLORIDESANDSULFATES,BACTERIASUCHASTHIOBACILLUSFERROOXIDANSANDSURFACETENSIONMODIFIERSSUCHASMETHANOLANDBUTYLBENZALDEHYDEARESOMEEXAMPLESCHANDERANDAPLAN,1989USEOFSUCHDEPRESSANTSASSUMESTHATTHEPYRITEISNATURALLYHYDROPHOBICFLOATSALONGWITHTHEBITUMINOUSMATERIALINARECENTPAPER,KAWATRAANDEISELE,1997CONCLUDEDTHATPYRITEFLOATSMAINLYINTHEFORMOFENTRAINMENTWITHWATERORINTHEFORMOFLOCKEDPARTICLESWITHCOAL,NOTBECAUSEOFITSINHERENTHYDROPHOBICITYTHEIRDATAAREREPLOTTEDINFIG4TOESTABLISHVARIOUSCORRELATIONSCOMBUSTIBLEMATTERCM,PYRITEANDASHMINERALRECOVERIESAREPLOTTEDASAFUNCTIONOFWATERRECOVERYINFIG4ATHEDATACLEARLYSHOWSTHATTHESELECTIVITYFOLLOWSTHEORDERCOMBUSTIBLEMATTERPYRITEASHMINERALUPTOACOMBUSTIBLEMATTERRECOVERYOF8590FORCMRECOVERIESGREATERTHAN85,FLOTATIONOFLOCKEDMINERALPARTICLESISINDICATEDSINCETHESLOPEOFTHECURVESISLESSONESHOWNBYALIGHTLINEINTHEHIGHRECOVERYREGION,ENTRAINMENTOFMINERALMATTERWITHWATERMAYBERULEDOUTTHESERESULTSAREINDICATIVEOFFLOTATIONOFLOCKEDORUNLIBERATEDPARTICLES,ORENTRAPMENTOFLIBERATEDPARTICLEWITHHIGHLYFLOATINGCOALFORCM85,THEPYRITEANDMINERALMATTERMIGHTFLOATISLOCKEDPARTICLESTHISCONCLUSIONISBASEDONTHEOBSERVATIONTHATTHESLOPEOFTHECURVESINFIG4BINCREASESRAPIDLYATCMRECOVERIESGREATERTHAN85FROMFIG4BANDC,ONEMAYALSOCONCLUDETHATTHEPYRITEHASSLIGHTLYHIGHERFLOATABILITYTHANTHEASHFORMINGMINERALSTHESEINVESTIGATORSALSOCONDUCTEDAMICROSCOPICANALYSISTODETERMINELIBERATEDANDUNLIBERATEDPYRITEANDTHEIRRESULTSAREPLOTTEDINFIG4DALINEARCORRELATIONSUGGESTSTHATTHELIBERATEDANDUNLIBERATEDPYRITEFLOATEDSIMILARLYTHERESULTSARENOTSURPRISINGBECAUSETHEMAJORITYOFPYRITESEEMSTOFLOATUNDERCONDITIONSWHERELOCKEDCOALPARTICLESAREFLOATINGFULLSIZEIMAGE16KFIG4COALFLOTATIONRESULTSTHEDATAWASREPLOTTEDFROMKAWATRAANDEISELE,1997TOPLEFTCM,PYRITEANDASHRECOVERYASAFUNCTIONOFWATERRECOVERYTOPRIGHTPYRITEANDASHRECOVERYVSCMRECOVERYBOTTOMLEFTASHRECOVERYVSPYRITERECOVERYBOTTOMRIGHTLIBERATEDPYRITERECOVERYVSPYRITETOTALRECOVERY浮選過程中物理與化學的相互作用摘要煤的浮選是一種復雜的過程，涉及幾種物象（顆粒、油滴和氣泡）。這些物象相互作用，同時和其它種類也發生作用，例如促進藥劑的分子和溶解在水中的離子。浮選是物理和化學反應的結果。物理和化學反應可能會導致煤顆粒之間發生聚集,尤其對高變質程度的煤。在浮選中，主要問題是沒有選擇性的顆粒發生聚集。它必須在浮選前或浮選中用物理（調節）或化學（促進）方法解決。雖然油滴和煤粒間的相互作用通常是合適的，但是當穩定的油滴通過少量的疏水顆粒時，將會降低其選擇性，而增加油滴的消耗。用促進劑來改變煤表面活性，乳化油滴，使之適應于顆粒顆粒，水滴顆粒，氣泡顆粒，從而解決問題。雖然促進劑對不同類型的煤作用不同。采用改進劑來提高低階煤的疏水性，而改進劑的主要作用是