英文原文OntheNClatheandtoolchangingsystemCNCmachinetoolnumericalcontrolmachinetools(Computernumericalcontrolmachinetools)abbreviation,isprovidedwithaprogramcontrolsystemofautomaticmachinetools.Thelogiccontrolsystemcandealwiththecontrolcodeorothersymbolicinstructionspecifiedprogram,anddecodingthedigitalcode,saidinformationcarrier,throughthenumericalcontroldeviceinput.AfterprocessingbyCNCdevicecontrolsignals,controlthemachinemovements,bydrawingtheshapeandsizerequirements,willbeautomaticallyprocessedbytheparts.Features:CNCmachinetooloperationandmonitoringofallcompletedinthenumericalcontrolunit,itisthebrainofCNCmachinetools.Comparedwiththegeneralmachinetools,CNCmachinetoolshasthefollowingcharacteristics:theprocessingobjectadaptability,adapttothecharacteristicsofmoldproductssuchasasingleproduction,providetheappropriateprocessingmethodfordieandmouldmanufacturing；highmachiningaccuracy,processingwithstablequality；cancoordinatelinkage,processingcomplexshapeparts；machiningpartschange,onlyneedtochangetheprogram,cansavethepreparationtimeofproduction；themachineitselfhighprecision,rigidity,canchoosetheamountofprocessinggood,highproductivity(typically3to5timesthatofordinarymachinetool)；Themachineisahighdegreeofautomation,reducinglaborintensity；conducivetotheproductionmanagementmodernization.TheuseofCNCmachinetoolsandthestandardcodeofdigitalinformationprocessing,informationtransmission,theuseofcomputercontrolmethod,haslaidthefoundationfortheintegrationofcomputeraideddesign,manufacturingandmanagement；ontheoperatorsofhigherquality,higherdemandsfortherepairofthetechnicalstaff；highreliability.Composition:CNCmachinetoolsingeneralbytheinputmedium,man-machineinteractiveequipment,CNCequipment,feedservodrivesystem,spindleservodrivesystem,theauxiliarycontroldevice,feedbackapparatusandadaptivecontroldeviceetc.4inNCmachining,NCmillingprocessingisthemostcomplex,needtosolvemostproblems.NCprogrammingofNClineinadditiontoCNCmilling,cutting,CNCEDM,CNClathe,CNCgrinding,eachwithitsowncharacteristics,servosystemistheroleofthemotionsignalisconvertedintothemachinemovingpartsfromthenumericalcontroldeviceofpulse.Concretehasthefollowingparts:thestructureofCNCmachinetools.Driver:heisdrivingpartsofCNCmachinetools,actuator,includingspindledriveunit,feedingunit,spindlemotorandfeedmotor.Hethroughtheelectricorelectro-hydraulicservosystemtorealizethespindleandfeeddriveunderthecontrolofnumericalcontroldevice.Whenseveralfeedlinkage,cancompletethepositioning,processingline,planecurveandspacecurve.Themainperformance(1)themaindimensions.(2)thespindlesystem.(3)feedsystem.(4)toolsystem.(5)electrical.Includingthemainmotor,servomotorspecificationsandpoweretc.(6)coolingsystem.Includingthecoolingcapacity,coolingpumpoutput.(7)dimensions.Expressedaslength*width*height.DevelopmenttrendofCNClathe:Highspeed,precision,complex,intelligentandgreenisthegeneraltrendinthedevelopmentofCNCmachinetooltechnology,inrecentyears,madegratifyingachievementsinpracticalityandindustrialization.Mainlyinthe:1machinetoolcompositetechnologytofurtherexpandwiththeCNCmachinetooltechnology,compositeprocessingtechnologymatures,includingmilling-carcompound,carmillingcompound,car-boring-drill-gearcuttingcompound,compositegrinding,forming,compositeprocessing,precisionandefficiencyofmachiningisgreatlyimproved.Onemachineisaprocessingfactory,onecard,completeprocessingconceptisbeingacceptedbymorepeople,thedevelopmentofcompoundprocessingmachinetoolisthetrendofdiversified.Intelligenttechnology2CNCmachinetoolshaveanewbreakthrough,intheperformanceofNCsystemhasbeenreflectedmore.Suchas:automaticallyadjusttheinterferenceanti-collisionfunction,afterthepowerofworkpieceautomaticallyexitsafetypower-offprotectionfunction,machiningpartsdetectionandautomaticcompensationfunctionoflearning,highprecisionmachiningpartsintelligentparameterselectionfunction,processautomaticeliminationofmachinevibrationfunctionsintothepracticalstage,intelligentupgradethefunctionofmachineandquality.The3robotsenableflexiblecombinationofflexiblecombinationofhigherefficiencyofrobotandthehostarewidelyused,makeflexiblelinemoreflexible,extendingthefunction,flexiblelineshortenfurther,moreefficient.Robotandmachiningcenter,millingcompositemachine,grinder,gearprocessingmachinetool,toolgrindingmachine,electricmachine,sawingmachine,punchingmachine,lasercuttingmachine,watercuttingmachineetc.variousformsofflexibleunitandflexibleproductionlinehasalreadybeguntheapplication.4precisionmachiningtechnologyhasthemachiningprecisionofCNCmetalcuttingmachinetoolsfromtheyarnintheoriginal(0.01mm)uptomicronlevel(0.001mm),somevarietieshasreachedabout0.05M.MicrocuttingandgrindingmachiningofultraprecisionCNCmachinetools,precisioncanreachabout0.05m,shapeprecisioncanreachabout0.01M.Specialprocessingprecisionbyusingoptical,electrical,chemical,energycanreachnanometerlevel(0.001m).Byoptimizingthedesignofmachinetoolstructure,machinetoolpartsofultraprecisionmachiningandprecisionassembly,usinghighprecisionclosedloopcontrolandtemperature,vibrationandotherdynamicerrorcompensationtechnology,improvethegeometricaccuracyofmachinetoolprocessing,reducetheshapeoferror,surfaceroughness,andintothesubmicron,nanosuperfinishingtiThe5functionalcomponenttoimprovetheperformanceoffunctionalcomponentsareatahighspeed,highprecision,highpowerandintelligentdirection,andobtainthematureapplication.AfulldigitalACservomotoranddrivedevice,hightechnologycontentoftheelectricspindle,linearmotor,torquemotor,linearmotioncomponentswithhighperformance,applicationofhighprecisionspindleunitandotherfunctionparts,greatlyimprovingthetechnicallevelofCNCmachinetools.ThefeeddrivesystemofCNClathe:Effectoffeeddrivesystem,ThefeeddrivesystemofCNCmachinetoolswillbereceivedpulsecommandissuedbythenumericalcontrolsystem,andtheamplificationandconversionmachinemovementscarrytheexpectedmovement.Two,thefeedingtransmissionsystemrequirementsInordertoguaranteethemachiningaccuracyofNCmachinetoolishigh,thefeeddrivesystemoftransmissionaccuracy,sensitivityhigh(fastresponse),stablework,highstiffnessandfrictionandinertiasmall,servicelife,andcanremovethetransmissiongap.Categorythree,feeddrivesystem1,steppingmotorservosystemGenerallyusedforNCmachinetools.2,DCservomotorservosystemPowerisstable,butbecauseofthebrush,thewearresultinginuseneedtochange.Generallyusedformiddle-gradeCNCmachinetools.3,ACservomotorservosystemTheapplicationisextremelywidespread,mainlyusedinhigh-endCNCmachinetools.4,thelinearmotorservosystemNointermediatetransmissionchain,highprecision,thefeedspeed,nolengthlimit；butthepoorheatdissipation,protectionrequirementsareparticularlyhigh,mainlyusedforhigh-speedmachine.Drivingcomponentfour,feedsystem1,theballscrewnutpairNCmachining,therotarymotionintolinearmotion,sotheuseofscrewnuttransmissionmechanism.NCmachinetoolsarecommonlyusedontheballscrew,asshowninFigure1-25,itcanbeaslidingfrictionintorollingfriction,meetthebasicrequirementsofthefeedsystemtoreducefriction.Thetransmissionsideofhighefficiency,smallfriction,andcaneliminatethegap,noreverseairtravel；butthemanufacturingcostishigh,cannotlock,sizeisnottoobig,generallyusedforlinearfeedinsmallCNCmachinetool.2,rotarytableInordertoexpandthescopeoftheprocessofNCmachinetools,CNCmachinetoolsinadditiontomakelinearfeedalongtheX,Y,Zthreecoordinateaxes,oftenalsoneedacircumferentialfeedmovementaroundYorZaxis.CircularfeedmotionofCNCmachinetoolsingeneralbytherotarytabletorealize,formachiningcenter,rotarytablehasbecomeanindispensablepartof.RotarytableofcommonlyusedCNCmachinetoolsintheindexingtableandNCrotarytable.(1)indexingtableIndexingtablecanonlyfinishdividingmovement,notcircularfeed,itisinaccordancewiththeinstructionsintheNCsystem,whenindexingwillworktogetherwiththeworkpiecerotationangle.Whenindexingcanalsousemanualindexing.Provisionsofindexingtableisgenerallyonlyrotaryangle(suchas90,60and45degree).(2)NCrotarytableNCrotarytableappearancesimilartotheindexingtable,buttheinternalstructureandfunctionisnotthesame.ThemainfunctionoftheNCrotarytableisbasedonthenumericalcontroldevicesendscommandpulsesignal,completecircumferentialfeedmovement,variousarcprocessingandsurfaceprocessing,itcanalsobegraduationwork.3,guideRailisanimportantpartoffeeddrivesystem,isoneofthebasicelementsofthestructureofmachinetool,rigidity,precisionandaccuracyofNCmachinetoolwhichdeterminestoalargeextentretention.Atpresent,guidetheNCmachinetoolareslidingrail,rollingguidewayandhydrostaticguideway.(1)slidingguideSlidingguiderailhastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,easymanufacture,goodstiffness,vibrationresistanceandhighperformance,widelyusedinCNCmachinetools,theuseofmostmetalplasticform,knownastheplasticguiderail,asshowninfigure1-26.Oncharacteristicsoftheplasticslidingguide:frictioncharacteristicisgood,goodwearresistance,stablemovement,goodmanufacturability,lowspeed.(2)rollingguideRollingguideisplacedintherailsurfacebetweentheball,rollerorneedleroller,roller,therollingfrictioninsteadofslidingsurfaceoftheguiderailbetweenwipe.Rollingguiderailandtheslidingrail,highsensitivity,smallfrictioncoefficient,andthedynamic,staticfrictioncoefficientisverysmall,sothemotionisuniform,especi