.,1,Communicativelanguageteaching(CLT),.,2,Contents,DefinitionPrinciplesFeaturesTheobjectivesofCLTTwomajortypesofactivitiesofCLTTheadvantagesanddisadvantagesConclusion,.,3,Definition,Communicativelanguageteaching(CLT),orthecommunicativeapproach,isanapproachtolanguageteachingthatemphasizesinteractionasboththemeansandtheultimategoalofstudy,.,4,Introduction,TheconceptofcommunicativelanguageteachingisoriginallycreatedbyDwellHymes.ItfirstgaineditspopularityinEuropeinthe1970s.Itstheoryismainlyfromsociolinguistics,psycholinguistics,andChomskysT-Ggrammar.Itstressesthatlanguageisatoolforcommunication,tomakeuseofitisthebestmethodtolearnit.Italsostressesthattheclassroomshouldbestudent-centered,andstudentscapabilitytocommunicativeinforeignlanguageshouldbemainlycultivated.,.,5,Tosumup,CLTisanapproachwhichencouragesstudentstocommunicateinclassandfinallyhelpsthemtousethelanguageproperlyindifferentfunctions.,.,6,Principles,-activitiesthatinvolverealcommunicationpromotelearning-activitiesinwhichlanguageisusedforcarryingoutmeaningfultaskspromotelearning-languagethatismeaningfultothelearnerpromoteslearning,.,7,ThefeaturesofCLT,DavidNunanlistsfivebasiccharacteristicsofCommunicativeLanguageTeaching:,.,8,Anemphasisonlearningtocommunicatethroughinteractioninthetargetlanguage.Theintroductionofauthentictextsintothelearningsituation.Theprovisionofopportunitiesforlearnerstofocus,notonlyonthelanguagebutalsoonthelearningprocessitself.,.,9,Anenhancementofthelearnersownpersonalexperiencesasimportantcontributing.Anattempttolinkclassroomlanguagelearningwithlanguageactivationoutsidetheclassroom.,.,10,ThesefivefeaturesareclaimedbypractitionersofCLTtoshowthattheyareveryinterestedintheneedsanddesiresoftheirlearnsaswellastheconnectionbetweenthelanguageasitistaughtintheirclassandasitusedoutsidetheclassroom.,.,11,TheobjectivesofCommunicativeLanguageTeaching,-studentswilllearntouselanguageasameansofexpression-studentswilluselanguageasameansofexpressingvaluesandjudgments-studentswilllearntoexpressthefunctionsthatbestmeettheirowncommunicationneeds.,.,12,Twomajoractivitytypes:,-functionalcommunicationactivities(功能性交際活動(dòng)):onesaimedatdevelopingcertainlanguageskillsandfunctions,butwhichinvolvecommunication,and-socialinteractionactivities(社會(huì)交往活動(dòng)),suchasconversationanddiscussionsessions,dialoguesandroleplays,.,13,Functionalcommunicationalactivities:,Wemakethelearnersadapttheirlanguagesothatitreflectssomeaspectofnonlinguisticrealitysuchastheconcretesituation,apictureorpersonalknowledgewithspecificmeanings.,.,14,Examples:,Shallwegotothelibrary?Ohno,Idonotfeellikegoingtothecinema.(answerthequestionwiththelearnerslikesordislikes2.shallwegotothecinema?No,Iwouldrathergotothepark.(Thelearnersseesapictureofapark.)3.ParisisthecapitalofJapan.No,itisthecapitalofFrance.(Theanswerisprovidedbythelearnersgeneralknowledge.),.,15,Socialinteractionactivities:,RoleplayingthroughcueddialoguesRoleplayingthroughcuesandinformationRoleplayingthroughsituationandgoalsRoleplayingthroughdebateordiscussionLargescalesimulationactivitiesImprovisation,.,16,Lady:Oh,goodmorning.Grocer:Goodmorning.WhatcanIdoforyou?Lady:UmHaveyougotanycoffee?Grocer:Yes,certainly.Hereyouare.Lady:Thankyou.UmWhataboutbutter?Grocer:Yes.Wevegotsomebutter.Inthefridgeoverthere.Lady:Good.Now,haveyougotanybread?Grocer:No,Imsorry.Wehaventgotanytoday.Cometomorrowmorning.,.,17,Socialinteractionactivities,Learnersmustalsolearntorelatelanguagetothesocialmeaningsthatitcarriesanduseitasavehicalforsocialinteraction.Theactivitiesshouldbefreedfromdependenceontheteacherorthetape,sothatlearnersbegintointeractasequalpartnersinanexchange.,.,18,Theaimoftheseactivitiesistoprovidelearnerswithafluentcommandofthelinguisticsystem,withoutactuallyrequiringthemtousethissystemforcommunicativepurpose.Thelearnersmainpurposeistoproducelanguagewhichisacceptableratherthantocommunicatemeaningseffectively.,.,19,Example:,Youandyourfriendhavebeenstudyingtogetherinthelibraryallafternoon.Oneofyouisnowtiredofworking.A:Letsgooutnow,shallwe?Whereto?A:Howaboutgoingoutforadrink?B:OH,Iwouldratherhaveameal.A:whatkindoffoodwouldyoulike?B:IWouldlikeaChinesemealA:Goodidea.Letusgothen.,.,20,ThesummaryofCommunicativeLanguageTeaching,.,21,Advantage,WiderconsiderationsofwhatisappropriateandwhatisaccurateWiderrangeoflanguageRealisticandmotivatinglanguagepracticeDrawingonlearnersknowledgeandexperience,Disadvantage,DifficulttotailorsyllabustostudentsneedsFossilizationoflearnerserrorsUnclearabouthowrulesofusecanbet