精選文庫Unit Nine: How to Grow OldTEXT COMPREHENSIONIV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1. The other thing one should avoid is being emotionally attached to young people, from whom one hopes to draw energy and vigor.2. and it is in this area of impersonal interests (such as academic and artistic interests) that the wisdom you have accumulated in your life can be practiced without putting any pressure on your children and grandchildren.LANGUAGE WORKI. Explain the underlined parts in each sentence in your own words.1). Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors with reference to/relating to2). Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. ancestors who lived a long time ago; specifically3). She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. tell4). I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence! bid farewell to/were separated from; a miserable life 5). I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. for the reason that; healthful6). Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. we should prevent from happening/we should watch out for 7). . you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. heartless/indifferent8). In the young there is a justification for this feeling. good reason9). And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. tiredness10). The best way to overcome it . is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.what distinguishes your own self from others gradually disappears or becomes less and less distinct; becomes increasingly one with/becomes increasingly blended with4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.1). We owe it to our descendants to leave them a clean world to live in. future generations/children and grandchildren2). I think next time we need any decorating well get it done professionally. by skilled people3). Her absorption in her work is so great that she thinks about nothing else. engrossment in, or preoccupation with her work4). Continued rapid growth in consumer spending will suck in more imports. draw in/encourage 5). Im not very good where money is concerned. when dealing with money6). Taxpayers should claim as many allowable expenses as possible against their taxed income. expenses on which no taxes are paid7). Her actions were quite justifiable in the circumstances. There was a good reason for her actions8). He wont be contented until hes upset everyone in the office. satisfied9). On his wall he has a poster of Marilyn Monroe, her lips forever parted in anticipation. separated/open10). I suspect he cheats the taxman. avoids paying taxes by using illegal methodsTRANSLATIONI. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in brackets.1). 她與他在一起生活度日艱難。(existence) She had a hard existence with him.2). 至于你剛才提出的問題，我將另外撰文回答。(as regards) As regards the questions you raised just now, I will answer them in another article.3). 這聽起來也許很無情，但我才不在乎他是否無家可歸呢。(callous) It might sound callous, but I dont care if hes homeless.4). 他對老板的尊敬幾乎到了低聲下氣的地步。(abject) He is almost abject in his respect for his boss.5). 痛苦的記憶漸漸從她腦海里消退。(recede) The painful memories gradually receded in her mind.6). 我們應該避免對他們的挑釁作出過度的反應。(guard against) We should guard against overreactions to their provocation. 7). 你最好關心關心自己的事而不是我的事！(concern oneself with) Youd better concern yourself with your own business and not mine!8). 該影片是一部有益的家庭娛樂劇。(wholesome) The film is good wholesome family entertainment.9). 學校中止了給那位學生提供的助學金，理由是他去年的成績不夠好。(on the ground that) The university has stopped providing financial support to that student on the ground that his performance in the past year was not good enough.10). 為了幫助那些國有小公司渡過經濟危機，政府把它們合并成為一家大公司。(merge) The government merged those small state-owned firms into a large company in order to help them survive the economic crisis.II. Translate the following passage into English.My mother, dead now to this world but still roaming free in my mind, wakes me some mornings before daybreak. “If theres one thing I cant stand, its a quitter.” I have heard her say that all my life. Now, lying in bed, coming awake in the dark, I feel the fury of her energy fighting the good-for-nothing idler within me who wants to go back to sleep instead of tackling the brand-new day. Silently I protest: I am not a child anymore. I have made something. of myself. I am entitled to sleep late.“Russell, youve got no more gumption than a bump on a log.” She has hounded me with these battle cries since I was a boy in short pants. “Make something of yourself!” “Dont be a quitter!” “Have a little ambition, Buddy.” 參考譯文 我母親早已不在人世，但她仍時時自由地浮現在我心中，有時早晨天還未亮就把我喚醒.“我最最不能容忍的就是半途而廢的人。” 我一生不斷聽到她說這句話。此時此刻，我躺在床上，在黑暗中慢慢醒來，想重回夢鄉而不愿直面嶄新的一天，我感覺到了她正怒氣沖沖地與我體內那個沒出息的懶漢奮力斗爭。” 我默默地抗議道：我已經不是孩子了。我已經小有成就，我有資格睡懶覺。“羅素，你一點進取心也沒有，和二流子簡直沒什么兩樣。” 從我還是個穿著短褲的孩提時代起她就一直用這些話激勵我前進： “你要混出個人樣來!” “不要半途而廢!” “要有點志氣，孩子。IV. Chinese Translation of Paragraphs1. 與本文的標題相反，本文真正要談的是如何才能不老，在我這個年紀，這才是更為重要的主題。我的第一條忠告是，選準了祖先再投胎。盡管我雙親都是英年早逝，我選擇的其他祖先還是不錯的。誠然，我的外祖父在67歲正值盛年的時候去世，但另外3位祖輩都活到了80多歲。更前的祖輩中，我發現只有一位沒能長壽，他死于現今罕見的死因，即遭斬首。我有位曾祖母是吉本的朋友，在92歲去世之前始終令子孫們敬畏不已。我的外祖母所生的孩子中9個活了下來，1個幼年夭折，此外她還有過多次流產。守寡以后，她便立即投身于女子高等教育事業之中。她是格頓學院的創辦人之一，為了使女性能進入醫生職業，她付出了很多心血。她過去經常講起她在意大利遇到的一位神情悲傷的老年紳士。她詢問起他悲傷的緣故，他說因為他剛剛送走了兩個孫兒女。“天哪！”她嚷道，“我有72個孫兒女，要是我每送走一個都如此悲傷，那我一生就會是凄涼的！” 他則回答說：“你這狠心的女人啊！”但作為她72個孫兒女中的一員，我則更喜歡她的處世方法。80歲時她發現自己有些難入睡，于是她養成了午夜至凌晨3點閱讀科普書籍的習慣。我想她根本無暇注意到自己在衰老。我認為這正是保持年輕的良方。只要你興趣廣泛且強烈，有你還能做得了的事情，就不必為自己已經活了多少年這種純粹的數字問題而傷神，更不必去想你來年無多的可能性。2. 至于健康，由于我很少得病，所以提不出什么有用的建議。我想吃就吃，想喝就喝，想睡就睡。我做任何事情從來不是因為它對健康有益，盡管實際上我愛做的事通常都是有益健康的。3. 從心理上說，老年人要防止兩種危險。其一是過分沉湎于往事。人不能生活在回憶當中，也不能生活在對美好過去的惋惜或者對已故友人的哀痛之中。一個人應當把心思放在未來、放在自己還可以有所作為的事情上。這并不總是那么容易做到的，因為往事的分量會不斷增加。人們很容易覺得過去自己的情感比現在更活躍，思想比現在更加敏銳。果真如此，那就該忘掉它；可要是忘得掉的話，那很可能就不是真的。4. 另一件要避免的事是依戀年輕人，期望從他們的勃勃生機中獲得活力。子女們長大之后，就想過自己的生活。如果你還像子女小時那樣關注他們，你就會成為他們的累贅，除非他們異常麻木不仁。我倒不是說對子女不應予以關注，而是說這種關注應該保留在思想中；可能的話，