.中考英語閱讀理解及其解題技巧閱讀理解及其解題方法閱讀理解能力的培養是中學英語學習的一項重要任務,也是中考的一項重要內容。中考閱讀理解題主要考查學生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷力。要求學生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意,獲取其中的主要信息,能做出正確判斷,然后根據試題的要求從A, B, C, D四個選項中選出最佳答案或回答出所提問題等等。要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個詞。閱讀理解的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個原則:1. 閱讀文章不少于三篇,閱讀量在1,000單詞左右;2. 題材廣泛,包括科普,社會,文化,政治,經濟等;3. 體裁多樣,包闊記敘文,說明文,應用文等;一、中考閱讀理解考查的主要內容1. 考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數針對段落(或短文的主題,主題思想,標題或目的,其主要提問方式是:(1 Which is the best title of the passage?(2 Which of the following is this passageabout?(3 In this passage the writer tries to tell usthat_.(4 The passage tells us that_.(5 This passage mainly talksabout_.2. 考查把握文章的事實和細節的能力。此類考查事實和細節的題目大多數是針對文章的細節設計的,其主要提問方式是:(1 Which of the following is right?(2 Which of the following is not mentioned?(3 Which of the following is Not True in thepassage?(4 Choose the right order of this passage.(5 From this passage we know _.3. 考查根據上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。此類猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準確含義。其主要提問方式是:(1 The wo rd “ ” in the passage probably means _.(2 The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _.(3 In this story the underlined word “ ” means _.(4 Here “it” means_.4. 考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關系的理解,對文章各段,各句之間的邏輯關系的理解能力。此類題目主要考查的是句與句之間,短語短之間的邏輯關系,其主要提問方式是:(1 Many visitors come to the writers city to _.(2 Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _.5. 考查依據短文內容和考生應有的常識進行推理和判斷的能力。此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案,需要考生再理解全文的基礎上進行推理和判斷。其主要提問方式是:(1 We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.(2 We can infer from the text that _.(3 From the story we can guess _.6. 考查推斷作者意圖和態度的能力。其主要提問方式是:(1 The writer writes this text to _.(2 The writer believes that _.(3 The writer suggests that _.二、閱讀理解題的方法和技巧1.如何獲取段落的主旨和大意?最有效的辦法是找出主題句。一篇文章(或一段文章通常都是圍繞一個中心意思展開的。而這個中心意思往往由一個句子來概括。這個能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主題句。因此,理解一個段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要學會尋找主題句。在一篇短文或一個段落中,大部分主題句的情況有三種:(1主題句在段首或篇首。主題句在段首或篇首的情況相當普遍。一般新聞報道、說明文,議論文大都采用先總述,后分述的敘事方法。例如:All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物鏈。Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A. AnimalsB. PlantsC. Food ChainsD. Living Things(2主題句在段末或篇末。用歸納法寫文章時,往往表述細節的句子在前,概述性的句子在后,并以此結尾。這種位于段末或篇末的主題句往往是對前面細節的總結,歸納或結論。例如If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer.They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothescost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they alwaysfit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes looks better than more expensive clothes.(3無主題句有時,一篇文章里并沒有明顯的主題句。這時我們應該怎樣來確定文章的主題或中心意思呢?其實這也不難。我們可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意思往往都是圍繞一個中心來展開的,或者說是來說明一個問題的。這個中心或這個問題就是這篇文章的主題或中心意思。例如Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey(蜂蜜. So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖 and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.Scientists could not control(控制 the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting(叮 many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.在這篇短文的后面就出了一道這樣的閱讀理解題:59. The best title of the passage is _.A. How to make more honeyB. Killer beesC. A foolish scientistD. How to feed killer bees2.如何根據上下文猜測詞義?猜測詞義也是一種英語閱讀能力。英語閱讀理解試題中有不少這樣的題目。任何一個實詞,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一個確定的詞義。所謂上下文(context,正如英語辭典所解釋的,其作用就是幫助確定上下文中的詞、短語或句子的意義。據此,我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義,即從已知推求未知,也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測詞義時,我們可以從三個方面來考慮:1根據上下文已知部分進行邏輯上的推理。2運用語法知識進行語法分析。3依靠常識和經驗做出判斷。(1根據上下文已知部分進行邏輯上的推理猜測義:例:As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.文章后面有這樣一道題:53. In the text, “put an end to” means “_”.A. stopB. cutC. killD. fly3.如何確定細節和事實?在閱讀理解題目中,有相當一部分是考查細節和事實的題目。這類題目相對容易一些。這些題目有兩個共同特點:(1凡屬針對特定細節的考題,其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對應的文字部分作為驗證。這一部分可能是一個詞或短語,也可能是一個句子或相關的若干句子,但句式、用詞和表達方式不同。(2干擾項往往是主體思想與細節混雜,正確答案細節和非正確答案的細節混雜,甚至真假混雜。因此,要做好閱讀理解中的確定細節和事實的題目,一要在文章中找出相應的信息點,二要排除干擾項。4.如何進行推斷?所謂推斷,就是根據閱讀材料中所提供的信息,推斷出未知的信息。即把有關的文字作為已知部分,從中推斷出未知部分。據以推斷的有關文字可能是詞或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文。中考英語試題中的推斷題很多,包括的面也很大。其類型主要有以下幾種:(1事實推斷:這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細節,是比較簡單的推斷。進行這種推斷,要首先在文章中找出據以推斷的有關文字,然后加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。例如Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People dont want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.(2邏輯推斷這類題目往往是要求根據文章所提供的背景,人物的表情,動作和語言來推斷出人物的態度或感覺。(3對作者的意圖和態度的推斷這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態度做出推斷,如作者對所陳述的觀點是贊同、反對,還是猶豫不定,對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠,還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來,而往往隱含在字里行間。因此,進行這種推斷時,我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提,又要注意作者的措辭,尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語。Lets have a tryThe undersea world is very beautiful. Now more and more people want to dive in the water to find the secrets there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. It can take you into a wonderful undersea world.You will find many strange animals in the sea. Some are as large as a school bus. Many sea animals give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth.During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue and green. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. When you have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. However, you cant dive too deep. And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water.The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. Its cold, and its dark, too. The deeper it is, the less sunlight there is. At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is dark in the sea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes.A few have eyes on one side.Besides (除了 the cold and darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger - other animals.Animals eat! They must find food to eat. Many animals eat plants. However, some Animals eat meat.This means these sea animals have animals have two big jobs. They need to find animals as food, and they have to try not to become other animals meal.1. Why do people want to dive in the sea? Because_.A. they want to catch fishB. they want to find the secrets of the undersea worldC. the sea is deepD. there are all kinds of plants in the sea2. In the daytime, wh