名詞第一節 可數名詞一、 可數名詞的分類 名詞可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞兩部分。其中，可數名詞是表示能夠計算的人或物的名稱，他們通常有單數和復數的形式。 單數通常用a,an或者是one來表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：a desk, an apple, one boy.二、 可數名詞的變化規則1、 直接在單詞的后面加-s.photo-photos book-books egg-eggs student-students pen-pensvillage-villages building-buildings cloud-clouds flower-flowershand-hands map-maps girl-girls2、 如果單詞以s,x,ch,sh結尾，通常要在單詞后面加-es.bus-buses class-classes box-box dress-dresses peach-peacheswatch-watches fish-fishes 3、 以輔音字母+y結尾的單數名詞要把y變為i，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母，則直接加上-s.family-families story-stories baby-babies day-days toy-toys boy-boys4、 以f,fe結尾的單詞，要把f,fe變為v，再加-es.knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves 5、 以o結尾的單詞一般加-s構成復數，但是potato, tomato,hero等詞要加-es構成復數。radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos studio-studiospotato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes6、 一些特殊的不規則名詞的復數。goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth woman-women man-men sheep-sheep fish-fish deer-deer people-people child-childrenox-oxen mouse-mice7、 be和指示代詞的復數。is-are am-are this-these that-those it-they8、 有些名詞是通常以復數形式出現的，如：shoes, pants, boots, glasses等。綜合練習一、 選擇a/an填空。1. elephant 2. tree 3. hamburger 4. ice-cream 5. computer 6. orange 7. melon 8. hen 9. eraser 10. old man 11. English teacher 12. red apple二、把下列單詞改成復數形式。 1. class 2.bus 3.glass 4.dress 5.box 6.fox 7.watch 8.peach 9.fish 10.wolf 11.knife 12.family 13.story 14.baby 15.library 三、寫出下列各詞的單數形式。1.potatoes 2.bridges 3.ladies 4.our 5.are 6.they 7.sheep 8.men 9.feet 10.dishes 11.shelves 12.houses 四、把下列句子變成復數形式。1、What is this? 2、This is a bus. 3、What is that? 4、What is it? 5、That is a tomato. 6、He is a policeman. 7、She is a woman. 8、It is a wolf. 9、There is a sheep near the mountain. 10、She has a good teacher. 五、選詞填空。例：This is a lady.(lady,ladies)1. There are some (dish,dishes)on the table.2. Uncle Li has many (duck,ducks)and a big (dog, dogs)on his farm.3. Ihavesome English and American .(stamp,stamps)4.This is not (an orange, oranges). Its (an apple, apples).5.Kids like (cake, cakes)and (hot dogs, hot dog).6.There is (an air-conditioner, air-conditioners)and two (window, windows)in my room.7. (Artist, An artist)loves painting.8. (Fishes, Fish)is my favourite food.9. (Potatoes, Potato)are my favourite fruit.10. (Rabbits, Rabbit)like (carrot, carrots).11. (Children, Chilrens)have a good time on Childrens Day.12.The little kid has only one (tooth,teeth).第三節 不可數名詞一、 不可數名詞的概念1. 一般來說，不可數名詞主要是以物質名詞與抽象名詞為主。它們通常沒有復數形式，也不能與a ,an 連用。在表示“一”或“幾”的數量概念時，不可數名詞必須與相應的量詞連用。如果時表示復數的數量關系時，則把量詞變化，不可數名詞不變。修飾不可數名詞的數量詞語有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。例如：a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水 much food 大量的食物 a little time 一點時間2. some 與 any 詞語辨析some與any都表示“一些”，但它們的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句與一般疑問句中。同學們要特別注意的是：some還可以用在客氣請求的一般疑問句中。例子：I have some beautiful stamps.（肯定句） I dont have any beautiful stamps.（否定句） Do you have any beautiful stamps?（一般疑問句） A: Can I have any some bananas? B: Sure.（客氣請求的一般疑問句）3. many ,a lot of ,much 詞語辨析many ,a lot of ,much ,這三個詞都是表示“許多”。many是用來修飾可數名詞, much用來修飾不可數名詞，a lot of則用來修飾可數與不可數名詞。例子：Peter has many friend .（可數名詞的前面） Peter has much food for his birthday party. （不可數名詞的前面）Peter has a lot of friend. （可數名詞的前面）Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. （不可數名詞的前面）二、 不可數名詞的歸類1、表示液體：water, juice, milk, lemonade, coffee, coke, ink2、表示自然現象：snow, rain, ice3、表示食品類：rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish,