1.原文Railway Box-girder Bridge Erecting Machine The construction of high-speed railway has become the main-stream trend in the world. The construction of high- speed railway network has been clearly described in the Chinas “Leap Type” development for railway. In the near future, China will enter the high tide of high-speed railway construction. For Chinas vast territory, a great quantity of railway box-girder bridge girder-erecting machines will be needed at that time to meet the demand of the great development for railway. As the general development trend of global railways, high- speed railway has shown the technical level and economic strength of a country to some extent, and China has made demonstrations on the construction of high-speed railway for several years. Viewed from the high-speed railways constructed or under construction in the world, viaducts are adopted in half or more of the total length of rail line in general. Box structure is employed in each viaduct with its self weight up to 900 t around, and the method of erecting construction for prefabrication is used to ensure quality and construction period with obvious advantages-Therefore, class 900 t railway box-girder bridge erecting machines become the crucial construction equipment for the construction of high- speed railways. High tonnage railway box-girder bridge erecting machines are mostly from Italy , s Nicola Company - China has started the research & development of high tonnage railway box-girder bridge erecting machines since 1999 when QinhuangdaoShenyang passenger special line was in preliminary construction. Now this railway box-girder bridge erecting machines are successfully applied in Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line. Walking type bridge girder-erecting machine is one of the products manufactured by Italy , s Nicola Company in 1980 ,s, and was used in Korean high- speed railway construction. The bridge girder-erecting machines developed by China successfully and independently and applied in the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line, mostly belong to such a model in structure. Due to the simply supported girders of the two straddles used in this machine, the self weight of the whole machine is over large, approximately accounting for 80% of the hoisted weight, resulting in the incurred temporary construction load being much larger. Especially, when the first span of bridge is erected, because the rear leg of the machine should stand on the bed of a railroad, it is necessary to make special processing on the bed of a railroad (embedding concrete blocks in the bed of a railroad) for the purpose of meeting the requirement of temporary construction load. The bridge girder-erecting machines integrated with girder- transporting lifting and erecting are featured with flexible shifting thanks to the proper motion type structure of its tires. However, because there are relative requirements for wheel pressure in the load-carrying capability and in the surface of the bed of a railroad, the axis and wheel pairs of the running system must be set on the basis of meeting these requirements, instead of meeting the requirement of the bridging machine for hoisting box girders. Originally, the bridge girder-erecting machine with lower guiding beam was also from Italys Nicola Company. The bridge girder-erecting machine with lower guiding beam developed by China independently is now applied in Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line. This machine can be used for hoisting on a fixed spot, and its girder hoist is under a reasonable force in structure with a light self weight. The girder hoist can arrive the next span of bridges in simply supported status, without overturning moment generated by itself, which is safe for operation. And its lower guiding beam must be in the length of two spans of bridges, and needs undergo the weight of girder transporting track and bridges. Therefore, the total weight of this machine reaches 80% of the hoisted weight. For the lower guiding beams length is up to more than two spans, the auxiliary measures must be taken for erecting the last 3 spans of bridges. Based on the full research of the walk type bridge girder- erecting machine from Italys Nicola Company, the assembly type bridge girder-erecting machine is made by China by means of assembling main girder as well as configuring front legs, middle legs, rear legs, and hoisting systems with 87- type military girders, one kind of devices for preparedness against war in China. The machine is also applied in Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line, and the assembly type bridge girder-erecting machine is illustrated Bridge machine integrated with girder-erecting & bridge fabricating is a new model developed on the basis of girder- erecting machine with lower guiding beam and bridge fabrication machine with mobile form and bracket, and this machine is integrated with the erecting of box girders and the construction of bridge building. Template brackets and templates are not needed in the construction of bridge erecting, and the operation is the same as that of the girder-erecting machine with lower guiding beam; while it is necessary to install template brackets and equip templates on the lower guiding beam in the construction of bridge fabricating, so as to perform sectional assembly and cast-in-place construction. Itshows this machine performing the operation of bridge erecting in the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger special line. Bridge machine integrated with girder-erecting & bridge fabricating is equipped with lower guiding beam, and featured with safe and reliable operation. Similarly, for this machine, auxiliary measures must be taken for erecting the last 3 spans of bridges. The single span type bridge girder- erecting machine is one model launched by Italys Nicola Company on the basis of the walking type bridge girder-erecting machine. This machine is able to erect bridges by means of single span simply supported operation with the whole machine under a definite and reasonable load, which is superior to the dual-span simply supported main girder of the walking type bridge girder-erecting machine. However, this machine shows itself in a status of large cantilevers in span-shifting operation, and its lengthways overturning moment is higher, especially its lengthways overturning moment is much higher than its stabilizing moment during the process of front leg moving towards 0-shaped leg. Thus the reliable anchoring with the erected girder must be realized by using the winch trolley capable of moving to the end of the main girder, only after the front leg reaches the 0-shaped leg. The anchoring can be released and the machine can perform span-shifting operation. Similarly, before the machine is driven in place and the front leg moves forward, the reliable anchoring with the erected girder must be also realized by using the winch trolley. So the span-shifting operation is complex. The bridge girder-erecting machine with nose beam and lower guiding beam is a model of the optimum plan incorporated with the advantages of both single span type bridge girder-erecting machine and bridge girder- erecting machine with lower guiding beam. It is the latest product of Italys Nicola Company, and fully applied in the Taiwan high speed railway project lot C260 and C270. And one set of this machine was introduced into Chinese mainland and will be used for the erecting of class 900t railway box girders. The most distinct feature of the bridge girder-erecting machine with nose beam and lower guiding beam is the single- straddle simply supported girder of the main unit and the lower guiding beam supporting straddle cross one span, and that the whole machine is under a definite and reasonable force with light self weight, and the temporary construction load is lower. The main unit is shifted from one span to another at a simply supported status with a excellent operating stability, and the lower guiding beam is set on higher positions, which realizes the erecting of the last span of bridge. Instead of that the old operating mode of the bridge girder- erecting machine with lower guiding beam tows the lower guiding beam to shift spans, the current span-shifting mode of the bridge girder-erecting machine with nose beam and lower guiding beam is worthy of being mentioned especially. It has the features of simple and definite operation, that is, the main unit can automatically be in place on the lower guiding beam and then the lower guiding beam can be hoisted and shifted from one span to another flexibly by using the upper nose girder, the winch trolley and the auxiliary winch trolley. Because the auxiliary leg of the main unit for the bridge girder-erecting machine with nose beam and lower guiding beam is fixed in a stationary position with the main girder (determined by the position in the erecting of 35 m girders), and the auxiliary leg will locate out of the legs of the lower guiding beam and the self weight of the lower guiding beam is incapable of balancing the overturning moment generated by the auxiliary leg when the span-shifting operation of the main unit for the erecting of 30m and 25m girders is performed. Therefore the lower guiding beam must be anchored reliably on bridge piers, which is the disadvantage of this machine. Class 900 t railway box-girder bridge girder-erecting machine is used to erect bridges, and girder transporting truck is used to transport bridges. Bridge erecting and transporting are performed respectively, and operated at the same time, thus a higher operating efficiency is produced. The front leg is equipped with securing segment, folding segment, making the bridge girder-erecting machine fully adapt to slopes and span-shifting operations, at the same time, making the operations convenient. The bridge girder-erecting machine is a single-span simply supported girder model under definite forces, and the bridge erecting is safe and reliable. One-span lower guiding beam is used and set in higher positions, so as to not only ensure the bridge girder-erecting machine shifted from one span to another in a simply-supported status, but also lower the height of auxiliary leg effectively, thus the safety of shifting operation of the bridge girder-erecting machine is guaranteed to a great extent. Meanwhile, the erecting of the first span and the last span of bridges are tackled. The span-shifting operation of the whole machine is performed flexibly by using the nose beam, lower guiding beam, winch trolley and the winch for guiding beam. The operating procedure is simple and definite, and the vertical or horizontal stability of the whole machine is excellent. The auxiliary leg can change working positions according to the erected bridges and reduce the vertical overturning moment of the lower guiding beam to the maximum, thus the operating requirements can be met without setting anchor on the top of bridge piers. The bridge erecting operations and span-shifting operations of the bridge girder-erecting machine employ frequency converters to adjust speeds. The hoisting systems hoist girder bodies by three points and can transverse girders to the right and left, thus the operating precision and the convenience for construction and operation are obtained to a great extent.2.譯文鐵路箱梁架橋機(jī) 在世界上，高速鐵路建設(shè)已經(jīng)成為主流趨勢。建設(shè)高速鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)清楚地說明了我國“跨越式”發(fā)展的鐵路。在不久的將來，我國將進(jìn)入高潮的高速鐵路建設(shè)。我國地域遼闊，在那個時候，將需要大量的鐵路箱梁架橋機(jī)，以滿足鐵路大開發(fā)。 從全球鐵路的一般發(fā)展趨勢看，高速鐵路在一定程度上也顯示了一個國家的技術(shù)水平和經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力，中國在這方面作出了高速鐵路示范建設(shè)有好幾年了。從世界上建造或正在建造的高速鐵路中可以看出，高架橋在鐵路線上占有一半或一半以上的總長度。箱型結(jié)構(gòu)是為了確保每個自重高達(dá)900噸的高架橋的預(yù)制架設(shè)施工質(zhì)量并在施工期間有明顯的優(yōu)勢。因此，一流的900噸鐵路箱梁架橋機(jī)成為建設(shè)高速鐵路的關(guān)鍵施工設(shè)備。 高噸位鐵路箱梁架橋機(jī)大多來自意大利尼古拉公司-自1999年以來中國已開始研究和開發(fā)的高噸位鐵路箱梁架橋機(jī)，秦皇島沈陽是客運(yùn)專線的初步建設(shè)，現(xiàn)在鐵路箱梁架橋機(jī)成功應(yīng)用在秦沉客運(yùn)專線。 行走式橋梁架橋機(jī)是由意大利尼古拉公司于1980年制造的產(chǎn)品，被用在韓國高速鐵路建設(shè)上。中國大橋主梁架橋機(jī)研制的成功并獨(dú)立地應(yīng)用在秦沉客運(yùn)專線，其中大部分屬于這種模式的結(jié)構(gòu)， 由于簡支梁的兩個橫跨在本機(jī)自重中分量大，大約占有80 的懸掛重量，結(jié)果招致建筑負(fù)荷太大。特別是，當(dāng)?shù)谝豢缍葮蛄杭茉O(shè)，因?yàn)楹蠓酵鹊臋C(jī)器要站在鐵路道床上，所以必須對鐵路道床作出特別的處理（在鐵路道床上嵌入混凝土砌塊），增加了臨時建筑負(fù)荷。 箱梁架橋機(jī)與梁起重運(yùn)輸和架設(shè)需要靈活轉(zhuǎn)移運(yùn)動型輪胎的結(jié)構(gòu)。然而，由于對表面層的鐵路要求有相對的車輪壓在承載能力，架橋機(jī)的吊裝箱梁軸和輪正在運(yùn)行的系統(tǒng)必須設(shè)置在基礎(chǔ)上并要滿足這些要求，而不是臨時的要求。 最初，橋梁架橋機(jī)下導(dǎo)梁也由意大利尼古拉公司生產(chǎn)。我國自主開發(fā)的橋梁架橋機(jī)下導(dǎo)梁適用于現(xiàn)在的秦沉客運(yùn)專線。本機(jī)可用于懸掛在一個固定的位置，其下梁起重機(jī)是一個合理的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，自重輕。梁起重機(jī)可以到達(dá)下一個跨度簡支橋梁的位置，本身沒有傾覆力矩產(chǎn)生，作業(yè)非常的安全。其較低的導(dǎo)梁必須在橋梁的兩跨度間運(yùn)送鐵軌和橋梁。因此，懸掛總重量達(dá)到本機(jī)80 的重量。較低導(dǎo)梁的長度達(dá)到兩個以上的跨越，必須在過去豎立的3跨度的橋梁采取輔助措施。 基于充分的研究意大利尼古拉公司生產(chǎn)的步行架橋機(jī)，裝配式橋梁架橋機(jī)是由中國組裝主梁以及配置前腿，中腿，后方支腿，和87 -型軍用梁懸掛系統(tǒng)，是我國的一種戰(zhàn)備裝置。本機(jī)也適用于在秦沉客運(yùn)專線，以及裝配式橋梁架橋機(jī)。 架橋機(jī)與橋梁制造是一種在新模型的基礎(chǔ)上制定架橋機(jī)下導(dǎo)梁造橋機(jī)移動形式和托架，并結(jié)合本機(jī)的箱梁架設(shè)和建造橋梁建設(shè)。模板支架和模板是沒有必要的建設(shè)架橋，和運(yùn)作是一樣的架橋機(jī)下導(dǎo)梁;同時，有必要安裝模板支架和裝備模板下導(dǎo)梁橋梁建設(shè)的捏造，以執(zhí)行截面現(xiàn)澆施工。顯示出這臺機(jī)器在秦沉客運(yùn)專線的架橋運(yùn)作效能。架橋機(jī)與橋梁制造配備低導(dǎo)梁，以確保精確安全可靠運(yùn)行。同樣，對于這臺機(jī)器，必須在過去3跨度的橋梁采取輔助措施。 單跨梁式架橋機(jī)是一種在意大利尼古拉公司生產(chǎn)的行走式架橋機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)出來的新模式。 本機(jī)架設(shè)橋梁能夠通過單跨簡支運(yùn)作與整個機(jī)器達(dá)到一個明確合理的負(fù)荷，這是主要優(yōu)于雙跨簡支梁的步行式架橋機(jī)的地方。然而，這臺機(jī)器自己的缺點(diǎn)顯示在大跨度懸臂移動中，其縱向傾覆力矩較高，尤其是其縱向傾覆力矩遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其穩(wěn)定時刻前支腿邁向0形腿的過程中。因此，架設(shè)可靠的錨梁必須認(rèn)識使用絞盤小車能夠遷移到車底主梁，只有在架設(shè)前到達(dá)0形腿的錨定能騰出機(jī)器可以執(zhí)行跨度移動作業(yè)。同樣，前機(jī)驅(qū)動的地方，前支腿向前邁進(jìn)，也要意識到架設(shè)可靠的錨梁，必須用絞車手推車。因此，跨度移動作業(yè)是復(fù)雜的。 橋梁架橋機(jī)鼻束和降低導(dǎo)梁是一個典范的最佳計(jì)劃，結(jié)合單跨梁式橋梁架橋機(jī)和橋梁架橋機(jī)降低導(dǎo)梁雙方各有的優(yōu)勢。C260和C270這是意大利尼古拉公司最新產(chǎn)品，并完全適用于臺灣很多高速鐵路項(xiàng)目。C260和C270和一套機(jī)器被引入內(nèi)地，將用于鐵路箱梁900噸橋梁架設(shè)樹立一流的鐵路橋梁架設(shè)。 橋梁架橋機(jī)鼻束和降低導(dǎo)梁最鮮明的特點(diǎn)是單跨簡支梁的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)和支持下導(dǎo)梁跨一跨跨度，而且整個機(jī)器是一個規(guī)定明確合理且自重輕，要求的臨時建筑負(fù)荷較低。主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是從另一個在跨度簡支位置，出色的運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性和較低的指導(dǎo)束上設(shè)置較高的排名，其中實(shí)現(xiàn)了架設(shè)在過去的跨度橋梁。 相反的，舊的運(yùn)作模式的橋梁架橋機(jī)下導(dǎo)梁束較低指導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)向跨越，目前跨度轉(zhuǎn)移模式的橋梁架橋機(jī)鼻束和降低導(dǎo)梁都顯得非常的重要。它的特點(diǎn)是簡單而明確的行動，也就是主要的特點(diǎn)可以自動到位的低導(dǎo)梁，然后在較低的導(dǎo)梁使用架橋機(jī)鼻束或絞車小車和輔助絞盤手推車可懸掛和從一個跨到另一個跨靈活轉(zhuǎn)向。由于輔助腿的主要部件橋梁架橋機(jī)鼻束和降低導(dǎo)梁固定在一個與主梁固定的位置（所確定的位置，架設(shè)的35米梁），輔助腿的下導(dǎo)梁和自重下導(dǎo)梁無法平衡輔助腿在跨度時移動作業(yè)所產(chǎn)生的傾覆力矩，執(zhí)行主