非謂語動詞與從句間的轉換 非謂語動詞與從句間的轉換 在英語中 動詞按其在句子中的作用 可分為 謂語動詞和非謂語動詞 謂語動詞就是可以單獨直接在句子中做謂語的動詞 非謂語動詞就是不能單獨在句子中做謂語的動詞 一 什么叫做非謂語動詞 二 非謂語動詞的表現形式有 不定式 todo 現在分詞 doing 過去分詞 done 動名詞 doing 三 非謂語使用條件 一個句子當中 已經存在一個主句 謂語動詞 又沒有連詞的情況下 Shegotoffthebus butleftherhandbagonherseat Shegotoffthebus leavingherhandbagonherseat 四 非謂語動詞充當的成分 分詞作狀語 分詞做狀語可以轉換成其相對應的狀語從句來表時間 條件 原因 Givenmoreattention thetreescouldhavegrownbetter Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention thetreescould Notknowinghistelephonenumber shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill Asshedidn tknowhistelephonenumber shehadsome Whilewaitingatthedentist s Ireadthewholeofashortstory WhileIwaswaiting Beforebeinginthearmy hewasanengineer Beforehewasinthearmy finish mywork Iwenttobed AfterIhadfinishedmywork Workinghard youwillsucceed Ifyouworkhard Havingfinished Beingsopoorinthosedays wecouldn taffordtosendtheboytohospital Asweweresopoor Weighingalmostonehundredjin thestonewasmovedbyhim Thoughthestoneweighedalmostonehundredjin 1 時間狀語 可改為時間狀語從句 也可在分詞前加上連詞 when while until 等 使其時間意義更明確 多置于句首 也可置于句末 2 原因狀語 可改為原因狀語從句或并列結構 多置于句首或句末 也可置于句中 3 條件狀語 可加連詞if unless等 也可換成條件狀語從句 多置于句首 4 讓步狀語 有時可加although though evenif eventhough whether or等連詞 可轉換成讓步狀語從句 多置于句首 5 結果狀語 可改為結果狀語從句 多置于句末 6 方式 伴隨狀語 可改成并列結構或從句 多置于句末 A 現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語 Whentheyheardthenews theyalljumpedwithjoy Hearing Whenthebabysawitsmother itsmiled Seeing Astheyhopedtogetoursupport theysentustheirstatement Hoping Thesnowlastedaweek soitresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea resulting Whenhearing Whileheworkedinthefactory hewasanadvancedworker Working Whileworking Whenseeing Whenitisseenfromthehill theparklooksverybeautiful Don tspeakuntilyouarespokento Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher swords theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates Ifweweregivenmoretime wecoulddoitmuchbetter Hewaswarnedofthedanger buthestillwentskatingontheice Seen Greatlytouched Given spoken Warned he Ifgiven Whenseen 但是 有些分詞作狀語是獨立結構 不與句子的主語產生聯系 常見的有 judgingfrom generallyspeaking comparedto with considering providing ed supposingetc Generallyspeaking womenlivelongerthanmen Judgingfromwhatyousay heoughttosucceed Consideringthedistance hearrivedveryquickly Takingeverythingintoconsideration youshouldleave 一般說來 女人比男人活得長 從你的話看 他應當能成功 考慮路程 他到達得很快 考慮到各種因素 你最好離開 B 不定式作狀語 不定式作狀語常用來表目的 結果或原因 程度 條件等 Shelookedintothewindow andwantedtoseewhatwasgoingoninside Shelookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside 注 表目的的不定式還常與soas或inorder連用 構成soas not todo和inorder not todo結構 其中soas not todo不能用于句首 Togetthereintime wegotupveryearly Inordertogetthereintime wegotupveryearly Wegotupveryearly inorder soas togetthereintime Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsothathewouldnotlosehisjob soasnottolosehisjob 非謂語動詞和從句的轉換 I v ing形式與從句之間的轉換 1 v ing形式作主語可換成that引導的主語從句 Tom sknowingEnglishhelpshiminlearningFrench ThatTomknowsEnglishhelpshiminlearningEnglish Herbeingoutofworkwasunexpected Thatshewasoutofworkwasunexpected 2 v ing形式作賓語或賓補可換成that引導的賓語從句 Irememberhavingpaidhimforhiswork IrememberthatIhavepaidhimforhiswork Hesuggestsourmakingbetteruseoftheschoollibrary Hesuggeststhatwe should makebetteruseoftheschoollibrary 3 v ing形式作表語可換成that引導的表語從句 Ourworryisyourdependingtoomuchonhim Ourworryisthatyoudependtoomuchonhim Thequestionismanypeople sbeingtrappedinthefire Thequestionisthatmanypeoplearetrappedinthefire 4 v ing形式作定語可換成that who which引導的定語從句 Wewillstudyinthehousefacingsouth Wewillstudyinthehousethat whichfacessouth Themantalkingtomyteacherismyfather Themanwho thatistalkingtomyteacherismyfather 5 v ing形式作狀語可換成相應狀語從句 Onarrivingthere Iwilltelephoneyou AssoonasIarrivethere Iwilltelephoneyou Whilewaitingforthebus Icaughtsightofher WhileIwaswaitingforthebus Icaughtsightofher 我一到那 就給你打電話 我等車的時候 看到了她 catchsightof 另外 v ing形式在句中表伴隨或作結果狀語 相當于一個并列句 也可和with結構轉換 Hedied leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney Hedied and he lefthisdaughtermuchmoney Hedied withleavinghisdaughtermuchmoney 他死了 留給他女兒很多錢 II V ed形式與從句之間的轉換 1 v ed形式作定語可換成定語從句 Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant Thequestionthat whichwasdiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant Theboylostinthoughtismybrother Theboywhoislostinthoughtismybrother 2 v ed形式作賓補可換成賓語從句 Ifoundtheroombrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen Ifound that theroomhadbeenbrokenintoandalotofthingshadbeenstolen 3 v ed形式作狀語可換成狀語從句 If heated waterwillturnintosteam Ifitisheated waterwillturnintosteam Don tspeakuntilspokento Don tspeakuntilyouarespokento III todo形式與從句的轉換 1 todo形式作主語可轉換成主語從句 Whenandwhere forus toholdthemeetingisunknownyet Whenandwherewewillholdthemeetingisunknownyet 2 todo形式作賓語或賓補可換成賓語從句 Idon tknowwhattodowiththematter Idon tknowthatIshoulddowiththematter Iwarnedhimnottodrivethecarafterdrinking Iwarnedthatheshouldnotdrivethecarafterdrinking 3 todo形式作表語可換成表語從句 Mywishistobecomeapilotaftergraduation MywishisthatIcanbecomeapilotaftergraduation 4 todo形式作定語可換成定語從句 Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance Themeetingthat whichwillbeheldisofgreatimportance Hewasthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave Hewasthefirstthatarrivedandthe