1999年英語專業八級考試試卷真題PartListeningComprehension(40min)InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectresponsetoeachquestiononyourColoredAnswerSheet.?SECTIONATALK?Questions1to5refertothetalkinthissection.Attheendofthetalkyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothetalk.?1.Thetechnologytomakemachinesquieter_.?A.hasbeeninusesincethe1930s?B.hasacceleratedindustrialproduction?C.hasjustbeenincommercialuse?D.hasbeeninventedtoremoveallnoises?2.Themodernelectronicanti-noisedevices_.?A.areanupdateversionofthetraditionalmethods?B.sharesimilaritieswiththetraditionalmethods?C.areasinefficientasthetraditionalmethods?D.arebasedonanentirelynewworkingprinciple?3.TheFrenchcompanyisworkingonanti-noisetechniquestobeusedinallEXCEPT_.?A.streetsB.factoriesC.aircraftD.cars?4.Accordingtothetalk,workersin“zonesofquiet”can_.?A.bemoreaffectedbynoiseB.heartalkfromoutsidethezone?C.workmoreefficientlyD.beheardoutsidethezone?5.Themainthemeofthetalkisabout_.?A.noise-controltechnologyB.noiseinfactories?C.noise-controlregulationsD.noise-relatedeffects?SECTIONBINTERVIEW?Questions6to10arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.?6.EmployeesintheUSarepaidfortheirtime.Thismeansthattheyaresupposedto_.?A.workhardwhiletheirbossisaround?B.cometoworkwhenthereisworktobedone?C.workwithinitiativeandwillingness?D.workthroughtheirlunchbreak?7.Oneoftheadvantagesofflexibleworkinghoursisthat_.?A.pressurefromworkcanbereduced?B.workingwomencanhavemoretimeathome?C.trafficandcommutingproblemscanbesolved?D.personalrelationshipsinofficescanbeimproved?8.OntheissueofworkingcontractsintheUS,whichstatementisNOTcorrect?A.Performanceatworkmattersmorethananythingelse.?B.Therearelawsprotectingemployeesworkingrights.?C.Goodreasonsmustbeprovidedinordertofireworkers.?D.WorkingcontractsintheUSaremostlyshort-termones.?9.Wecanbeassumedfromtheinterviewthataninformalatmospheremightbefoundin_.?A.smallfirms?B.majorbanks?C.bigcorporations?D.lawoffices?10.Theinterviewismainlyabout_intheUSA.?A.officehierarchies?B.officeconditions?C.officeroles?D.officelife?SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST?Question11isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.?11.SenatorBobDolesattitudetowardsClintonsanti-crimepolicyisthatof_.?A.oppositionB.supportC.ambiguityD.indifference?Questions12and13arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.12.JapanandtheUnitedStatesarenow_.?A.negotiatingaboutphotographicmaterial?B.negotiatinganautomobileagreement?C.facingseriousproblemsintrade?D.onthevergeofalarge-scaletradewar?13.Thenewsitemseemstoindicatethattheagreement_.?A.willendallotherrelatedtradeconflicts?B.isunlikelytosolvethedisputeonceandforall?C.islinkedtoothertradeagreements?D.isthelastofitskindtobereached?Questions14and15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.14.Accordingtothenews,theicefromGreenlandprovidesinformationabout_.?A.oxygen?B.ancientweather?C.carbondioxide?D.temperature?15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?A.Drasticchangesintheweatherhavebeencommonsinceancienttimes.?B.Thechangeinweatherfromverycoldtoveryhotlastedoveracentury.?C.Thescientistshavebeenstudyingicetoforecastweatherinthefuture.?D.Thepast10,000yearshaveseenminorchangesintheweather.?SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING?FillineachofthegapswithONEword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.Makesurethewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.?Atpresentcompaniesandindustriesliketosponsorsportsevents.Tworeasonsareputforwardtoexplainthisphenomenon.Thefirstreasonisthattheyget(1)_throughouttheworld. ?Thesecondreasonisthatcompaniesandindustries(2)_money,astheygetreductionsinthetaxtheyoweiftheysponsorsportsorartsactivities.?Assponsorshipis(3)_,carefulthinkingisrequiredindecidingwhicheventstosponsor.Itisimportantthattheeventtobesponsored(4)_theproduct(s)tobepromoted.Thatis,theright(5)_andmaximumproductcoveragemustbeguaranteedintheevent.?Pointstobeconsideredinsportssponsorship.Popularityoftheevent.?Internationalsportseventsarebig(6)_events,whichgetextensivecoverageonTVandinthepress.Smallereventsattractfewerpeople.Identificationofthepotentialaudience?Aimingattherightaudienceismostimportantforsmallerevents.Therightaudiencewouldattractmanufacturersofotherrelatedproductslike(7)_ ,etc.Advantagesofsponsorship,Advantagesarelonger-term.?Peopleareexpectedtorespond(8)_totheproductspromoted.Andbemorelikelytobuythem.?Advertisingis(9)_themind. ?Sponsorshipisbetterthanstraightadvertising:a)less(10) _ _ ;b)tax-free?(1) _ (2) _ (3) _ (4) _ ( 5 ) _(6) _ (7) _ (8) _ (9) _ (10) _1999年英語專業八級考試聽力MP3聽力原文PARTLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION?SECTIONATALK?Asweallknow,whenmachinesworktheygiveoffalotofnoise,andthenoisecansometimesbeveryunpleasant,orannoying.Asaresult,peoplehavebeentryingtofindwaystoreducenoise.Althoughitmaysoundabitstrangetoyouall,oneofthebestwaystomakemachinesquieter,incarsforexample,maybetomakethemnoisier.Thesourceofthisparadoxiselectronicanti-noisewhichcreatessoundwavestocanceloutunwantednoise,suchasrattles,blare,etc.Nowalthoughtheideadatesbacktothe1930s,itsonlyrecentlythatadvancesincomputertechnologyhavemadeanti-noiseacommercialpossibility.TakeFranceforexample.Hereindustryspendsafortunetogetridofnoise.Weallknowhowunpleasantitis.Bothpeopleworkinginfactoriesandordinarypeopleathomeenjoyingtheirleisurecanbeaffectedbynoise.Delicatemachinesareaffectedbynoiseaswell.Thegovernmenthaspassedalotofregulationsconcerningacceptablelevelsofnoise. ?Noiseiscostlytoindustry.Inthefirstplace,justfollowingasingleregulationcancost1to2billionUSdollarsinthetextileindustry,theysay.Thensecondly,ofcourse,vibrationcancausedamagetomachinery.Evenverysmallvibrationscancausepartstowearoutandequipmenttofail.Andnaturallyenough,thisgetsaddedontothepriceoftheproducts.About$to15%ofthepriceofaproductcomesfromnoiseandvibrationcosts,itsestimated.?Atpresent,methodsusedtodampendownnoiseandvibrationsrelyontechniquesthatare30or40yearsold.Theseusuallyinvolvewrappingthenoisyorvibratingcomponentinanythingfromcottontoconcrete.Butthisisoftenexpensiveandinefficient.?Themodernelectronicanti-noisedevicesdontreducesound.Instead,soundisusedtoattacksound.Thetrickistohitthesesoundwaveswithotherwavesinacarefullycontrolledway.Itmaynotbepossibletoeliminatenoisecompletely,butengineerscanbuildsystemstoeliminatespecifickindsofnoiseandvibration.Thenewsystemscandealwithrepetitivenoise.Thisunfortunatelymeansthatthereisnotmuchthatcanbedoneaboutone-offnoise,likesomeonetryingtolearntoplayatrumpet.Buttheycanhandlefairlyregularthingslikeenginenoise.?AFrenchcompanyhasdevelopedatechniquewhichusesamicrophoneandamicroprocessor.Theprocessormeasuresthesoundanddirectsaspeakertobroadcastsoundwavesthatareoutofphasewiththeenginenoise.Thecompanyclaimedthatitwillmakeacarenginequieter,ifnotcompletely100%silent.Thereareanumberofotherareasofapplicationinthenoisy,industrialenvironmentoftoday.Onesystemwhichthecompanyisdeveloping,aimstominimizethenoiseofaircraftenginesandhelicoptervibrations.Nowanti-noisesystemswouldbeabletoreducenoiseinthecabinofanairplanetomereacceptablelevels. ?Anotherareawhichaffectsordinaryhouseholdsnowadaysconcernsthenoisewhichelectricityandgassupplierscreate.Theelectricitycompaniesspendalotofmoneyeachyear,cuttingtheharmoftransformers,tryingtoquietthenoiseandmaintainingequipmentthatisconstantlyaffectedbyvibration.Iftheycangetridoforevenstopthevibrations,manufacturerscanincreaseproductionspeeds.But,ofcourse,peopleworkinginnoisyworkplacesareperhapsmereaffectedthananythingbytheeffectsofnoise.Anti-noisecanalsocreate“zonesofquiet”innoisyworkplaces.Tocreatesuchazone,youdotwothings.First,microphonesaresuspendedaroundtheworkplace.Thenspeakersthatproduceout-of-phasesoundwavescanthenbeputclosetotheworkerunderthedeskorthemachine.Acompanyworkinginthisareahastestedthissystemandsaysthatitcutsnoiselevelsenoughforsomebodyinsidethezonetohearaconversationfromanotherpartoftheworkplace.Yet,thisisonlyone-way;shoutsfromthequietzonecouldnotbeheardoverthefactorynoisebythoseoutsideit,becausetherestoftheworkplaceremainsnoisy.Thisisoneoftheanti-noisemeasuresexperimentedwithtoday.Ifthisprovestobefeasibleinmanyworkplaces,Imsureitcancontributetothereductionofnoiseinfactoryworkshopsinthefuture.?SECTIONBINTERVIEW?W:Firstofall,whendopeoplestartworkinAmericanoffices?M:Right,well,theofficialworkdaystartsat9:00am.Thisreallymeans9oclock-nottenpastorhalfpastnine.?W:WouldyousaythatpeopleworkveryhardinofficesinAmerica?M:Well,Idontknowaboutemployeesinyourcountry.Butsomenationshaveaphilosophythatyouworkwhenthe“boss”isaround.Andanytimehesnotthere,onecanrelaxbyreadingthenewspaperorwhateveronelikesdoinginapersonelway.?W:AndthingsaredifferentintheStates,youresaying?M:Well,inAmericaoneisbeingpaidforonestime.Soemployeesareexpectedtofindotherworkiftheirowndesksareclear,ortohelpsomeoneelsewithhisorherwork.Butyouneversitidledoingnothing.?W:Yes,asthesayinggoes: “Timeismoney.”?M:Exactly.Youremployer“owns”yourtimewhileheispayingyouforit.Thatispreciselywhat“Timeismoney”means.Andanywaythebossdoesntaskmoreofyouthanheisdoinghimself:he.hewillprobablyworkthroughthelunchhourhimselfandeventakeworkhomeatnight.?W:Talkingaboutlunchhours.Whataboutthem?Doyouhavetotakethemseriously?M:Oh,yes,sure,ofcourse.Anemployeeslunchhourshouldhetakenwithintheperiodallowed,unlessyouareofficiallydiscussingcompanybusiness-say.en.onabusinesslunch.Itsthesametoowiththeendoftheday.Imean,en,workuntilthedayofficiallyendsatfiveoclock,unlessyouareinanofficewhere“flextime”istheacceptedpractice.?W:Oh,soyouhavetheflextimesystem,doyou?Iwasntsureaboutthat.?M:Ohyes,sure.Flexibleworkinghours,thatis,en.startingorendingworkearlierorlaterI.Iknowitsstillrelativelynew.However,therearemoreandmoreAmericansonthesystemtoday.Well,forthesamereasonsasinEurope-tokeeptrafficandcommutingproblemsdown.Andasmorewomennowworkitgivesmorefamilytime.?W:Er.couldyousaysomethingaboutcontractsorhiringinAmerica,please?M:Well,itsdifferentinAmericafrom,say,EuropeancountrieslikeGermanyorFrance,perhapsJapan,too,Imnotsure.Iknowthatinsomecountriespeoplerelaxoncetheyhavegotajob,becausetheyknowthattheywillalmostneverbefired-unlesstheydosomethingwrong.?W:YoumeanthatyouremployercanjustfireyouinAmerica?M:No,no,no.Thereare,ofcourse,legalprotectionsintheUS.Soemployeescannotbeunjustlyfiredwithoutgoodreasons.Workersmustdoagoodjob,producewell,andgetalongwiththeircolleagues-ortheycanbe“letgo”,asitiscalled.?W:Fromonedaytothenext,youmean?M:Well,itsrarelydonewithoutwarning,butitisimportanttorememberthatintheUSyouareamemberofabusinessfirmandnotafamily.Itmakesadifference.?W:Iwonder,isthephysicalorexternalappearancesofofficelifedifferentfromEuropeanoffices?M:Well,IhaveheardpeoplecommentontheinformalityfoundinAmericanoffices.Andthisiscertainlyalittledifficultforpeoplewhoaremoreusedtoahierarchicalsystem,ofcourse.Buttherearesomeveryformaloffices,too,say,in.inbigbanks,lawfirmsandmajorcorporations.Butinmanyestablishmentswithfeweremployeestheatmosphereislooseandeasywithalotofjoking,andteasing,andwanderinginandoutofofficesamongalllevelsofemployees.?W:Well,thatsoundsquiteinteresting.IthinkthatsallIwanttoknowreally.Thankyouverymuch.?M:Mypleasure.?SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST?NewsItem1(ForQuestion11)?PresidentClintonbeginsa3-daycampaign-styledtriptothewesternUSlatertodaytohighlighthisdomesticagenda.?WhiteHousespokesmansayscrime,themostimportantissueforAmericansthiselectionyearaccordingtopublicopinionpolls,willbeakeythemeofPresidentClintonstripstoCalifornia,NevadaandNewMexico.Mr.ClintonspresumptiveRepublicanchallenger,retiringSenatorBobDole,hasrepeatedlydisapprovedofMr.Clintonsrecordonfightingcrime.ThepresidentisexpectedtoarguethathispolicieshavehelpedmakeAmericancommunitiessaferplaces.Mr.Clintonwillalsoattendanumberofpoliticalfund-raisingeventsduringhisvisitstoCaliforniaandNevada.?NewsItem2(ForQuestions12-13)?ReportssayJapanandtheUShavereachedanagreementontheirdisputeoverair-cargotransportrightsinAsia.?TheagreementwillmeanthatWashingtonandTokyowillrenegotiatea1952AviationTreatywhichallowedAmericanairlinestoflyonfromTokyotootherplacesinAsiabutdidntallowJapaneseairlinesthesamerightstoflyonfromAmericatootherdestinations.TokyohasalwayssaidthatthetreatywasunfairandJapanhasalwayswanteditchanged.?Accordingtotheagreement,JapanwillallowtheAmericanairlinecarrierFederalExpresstoflyonthroughTokyoto7otherdestinationsinAsia.NowJapanhasalwayssaiditwashappytoallowthat,ifthetreatywasrenegotiated.ItdoesseemveryclearthatJapanhascomeoutofthisoneontop.?Thisiscertainlynotthefirstdisputeanditcertainlywontbethelastdispute,either.ThereareseveraloutstandingareasoffrictionbetweenJapanandtheUS.Atthemoment,theyarenegotiatingaboutphotographicfilmandphotographicpaper.Itcouldtakeayeartoresolve.Butevenwherethetwocountriesdoreachagreementthereisstillroomforargument.Theyreachedthisfamouscaragreementaboutamonthago.Theyarealreadybickeringaboutit.?NewsItem3(ForQuestions14-15)?Scientistssaytheycantellwhatairandseaconditionswerelikehundredsofthousandsofyearsago.TheysaypiecesoficetakenfromGreenlandprovidesuchinformation.?Scientiststooktheicefrommorethanone-and-a-halfmiledeepinhugemassesoficethatfloatonthesea.Thatisthedeepestscientistseverhavedrilledforice.Theicerepresents25,000yearsofhistory.Itprovidesoneoftheclearestrecordsofancientweather.EuropeanandAmericanscientificteamshavebeenstudyingicefromthesameareatoconfirmeachothersfindings.Thescientistsexaminetheicethatwasformedeachyear.Theymeasuretheoxygenandcarbondioxideintheice.Thesemeasurementstellabouttheyearstemperature.?Fromthesemeasurements,thescientificteamssaythatthepast10,000yearsistheonlyperiodduringwhichtheweatherhasnotchangedverymuch.Beforethattime,theybelieveverylarge,suddenchangesintheweatherwerecommon.Theiceappearstoshowthatatsomeperiods,earthsweatherchangedfromveryhottoverycoldinonlytenyears.?SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLING?Itiscommonnowadaysforcompaniesandindustriestosponsorbigsportsevents.Forexample,manycompaniessponsoredthe8thNationalGamesheldinShanghaiin1997.Then,whatexactlydocompaniesandindustriesgetoutofsponsoringbigsportsevents,suchasinternationalgames?Andwhyneedtheydoso?Thereisanobviousanswerandanotsoobviousone.Theobviousansweristhattheygetknownworldwide,particularlyiftheyaretheprincipalsponsorofanevent.ThisisespeciallyimportantwhenyouconsiderthenumberofcountriesaroundtheworldthatmightshowtheeventonTV.Thenotsoobviousansweristhatsponsorshipcanhelpfirmstosavemoney.?Thenhowcantheysavemoneyinthisway?Companiescanclaimexpendituresonsponsorshipor“supporttosportandthearts”againsttheamountoftaxthattheyowe.So,iftheyaregoingtohavetopaytaxanyway,whynotspendthemoneyonpromotingtheirnameorproduct?However,sponsorshipissurelyaveryexpensivebusiness.So,howdoe