unit 3the world onlinesection grammar1they wouldnt have achieved their success if they had abandoned their dreams.(page 41)如果他們舍棄了他們的夢想他們就不會獲得成功。abandon vt.放棄；拋棄，舍棄the sailors abandoned the burning ship.海員們拋棄了燃燒著的船只。some trapped miners abandoned themselves to despair.一些被困礦工陷入絕望之中。(1)abandon oneself to sth./doing sth.某人陷入(做)某事(物)；沉湎于(做)某事(物)(2)辨析：abandon，desert和quitabandon的意思是“放棄”，強調完全、永遠地放棄，尤指對之負有責任或義務者，放棄一個項目或計劃。the project was abandoned due to lack of money.由于缺少資金，工程不得不被放棄。desert 表示拋棄自己的天職或應盡的義務，強調違背誓言、命令、責任、義務等。he deserted his wife and children and left the family.他拋棄了他的妻子和孩子，離家出走了。quit指突然或出其不意地放棄，常指“停止(做)”。he quitted his job and went back to school again.他放棄了工作，又回到了學校。單項填空1)he is the kind of person who _ his friends in time of trouble.aabandons bdesertscquits descapes2)dont abandon yourself _ the football match.ato watch bto observecto watching dto observing2i wonder whether mike is getting annoyed with me.(page 41)我不知道麥克是否正在生我的氣。wonder v. 詫異；奇怪；納悶；想知道n驚奇；驚異；奇跡she wondered at her own stupidity.她沒想到自己竟會這樣愚蠢。i wonder whether they will arrive on time.我不知道他們能不能準時到。i wonder who he is.我不知道他是誰。they looked at the conjurer in silent wonder.他們懷著驚奇的心靜靜地看著魔術師。we were filled with wonder.我們感到驚奇。walking on the moon is one of the wonders of our times.在月球上漫步是我們這個時代的奇跡之一。(1)相關句型及短語：its a wonder(that).令人驚奇的是do/work wonders 創造奇跡(2)派生詞：wonderful adj. 令人驚奇的；極好的(3)形似詞：wander v. 閑逛；徘徊；徜徉 n溜達；徘徊單項填空1)they were filled with _ when they saw the spaceship.awonder badmirecgaze dwander2)mother told him not to _ the streets after school.awander bwondercmove dgo3i think id better apologize to him tomorrow for not keeping the appointment.(page 41)我想明天我最好為沒能赴約向他道歉。appointment n約會，預約；任命，委任you should phone his secretary if you want to make an appointment.如果想預約，你應該給他的秘書打電話。his appointment as principal他擔任校長的任命(1)相關短語：make/fix an appointment with sb.與某人約會/預約keep/break ones appointment 堅守/違反某人的約定(2)appoint vt. 約定，指定(時間、地點)；任命，委任appoint sb.to be/as .任命/委任某人為appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事our visitors arrived at the appointed time.我們的來賓在約定的時間到達了。hes been appointed to be a member of the state supreme court.他被任命為州最高法院的一名成員。a committee was appointed to carry out the plan.一個委員會被委任執行該計劃。considering your experience in the field，we are very glad to appoint you as our agent.鑒于你在這一領域的經驗，我們很高興地指定你為代理。單項填空1)we must _ a new teacher at once to the mountain school.aappreciate bappealcapproach dappoint2)it doesnt make any sense for the prime minister to _ a banker to this post.achoose belect cappoint dselect助動詞一、概念助動詞是幫助主要動詞構成各種時態、語態、語氣以及否定或疑問結構的動詞。助動詞分為時態助動詞和結構助動詞兩種。二、相關知識點精講1助動詞be的用法1)be現在分詞，構成進行時態。they are having a meeting.他們正在開會。english is becoming more and more important.英語正變得越來越重要。2)be過去分詞，構成被動語態。the window was broken by tom.窗戶是湯姆打破的。english is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英語。3)be動詞不定式，可表示下列內容：a表示最近的、未來的計劃或安排。he is to go to new york next week.他下周去紐約。we are to teach the freshmen.我們將要教大一新生。注意：這種用法也可以說成是將來時態的一種表達法。b表示命令。you are to explain this.對此你要做出解釋。he is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午來辦公室。c征求意見。how am i to answer him?我該怎樣答復他？who is to go there?誰該去那兒呢？d表示相約，商定。we are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。2助動詞have的用法1)have過去分詞，構成完成時態。he has left for london.他已去了倫敦。by the end of last month，they had finished half of their work.到上月末為止，他們已經完成了一半的工作。2)havebeen現在分詞，構成完成進行時。i have been studying english for ten years.我一直在學英語，已達十年之久。3)havebeen過去分詞，構成完成時被動語態。english has been widely used in many fields for many years.多年來，英語已被廣泛應用于眾多領域。3助動詞do 的用法1)構成一般疑問句。do you want to pass the exam?你想通過考試嗎？did you study german?你(們)學過德語嗎？2)donot 構成否定句。i do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批評。he doesnt like to study.他不喜歡學習。in the past，many students did not know the importance of english.過去，很多學生不知道英語的重要性。3)構成否定祈使句。dont go there.不要去那里。dont be so absentminded.不要這么心不在焉。注意：構成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4)放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。do come to my birthday party.一定要來參加我的生日聚會。i did go there.我確實去那兒了。i do miss you.我確實想你。5)用于倒裝句。never did i hear of such a thing.我從未聽說過這樣的事情。only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of english.進入大學以后，我們才認識到英語的重要性。注意：引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never，seldom，rarely，little，only，so，well等。6)用作代動詞。do you like beijing?你喜歡北京嗎？yes，i do.是的，我喜歡。(do用作代動詞，代替like beijing)he knows how to drive a car，doesnt he?他知道如何開車，對吧？4助動詞shall和will的用法shall和will作為助動詞，可以與動詞原形一起構成一般將來時。i shall study harder at english.我將更加努力地學習英語。he will go to shanghai.他要去上海。注意：在過去的語法中，語法學家說shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱。現在，尤其是在口語中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變為情態動詞，試比較：he shall come.他必須來。(shall有命令的意味)he will come.他要來。(will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時)5助動詞should，would的用法1)should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱。i telephoned him yesterday to ask what i should do next week.我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周做什么。比較：“what shall i do next week？” i asked.“我下周做什么？”我問道。可以說，直接引語變成間接引語時，shall變成了should。2)would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱。he said he would come.他說他要來。比較：“i will go，” he said.他說：“我要去。”此句變成間接引語，就成了he said he would come。原來的will變成would，go變成了come。答案：導學互動即學即練：11)a解析：遺棄對之負有責任者用abandon。2)c解析：句意為：“不要沉溺于觀看足球賽之中”。abandon oneself to“使放縱，沉溺于”，to為介詞。21)a解析：句意為：“