DfficienciesandToxicities缺乏癥和中毒 Deficiencies缺乏 Water salttoxicity 水 食鹽中毒 whenwaterisprovidedafteralongperiodofdeprivation當水長期缺乏后才供給時blindness seizuresandopisthotonous失明 癲癇和 eosinophiliaonmeningesseenonhistopathology利用病理組織學方法可以發現腦膜嗜酸性粒細胞noefficacioustherapy無有效的治療方法 Deficiencies缺乏 Protein蛋白質fattercarcasses poorfeedcoversion poormilkingability muscledegeneration paleandpoorhaircoat胴體脂肪增多 飼料轉化降低 泌乳能力降低 肌肉變性 蒼白和被毛粗亂maybeduetoanaminoacidimbalanceoralackofprotein可能是氨基酸失衡或蛋白質缺乏所致 Deficiences缺乏 Vitamins Minerals維生素 礦物質 premixdeficiency預混料缺乏 excitable tail bitingorurinedrinking興奮 咬尾或飲尿 prolongeddeficiencyshowspoorgrowthrates feedefficiencyandparakeratosisleadingtoexudativeepidermitis長期的缺乏表現為生長率低 飼料利用率低和角化不全導致的滲出性皮炎 Deficiencies缺乏 Calcium PhosphorusandVitaminD鈣 磷和維生素D ricketsingrowingpigsorosteomalaciainmaturepigs生長豬群發生佝僂病或成年豬群發生骨軟癥 posteriorparalysisduetofracturesinthelumbarregion腰部的骨折導致后軀麻痹 Deficiencies缺乏 SodiumandChlorine鈉和氯 poorappetiteandroughhaircoat食欲不振和被毛粗亂 Deficiencies缺乏 Iodine碘 farrowedpigsareweakandhaveenlargedthyroids乳豬體弱和甲狀腺增生 Deficiencies缺乏 IronandCopper鐵和銅 palemembranes edema roughhaircoat可視粘膜蒼白 水腫 被毛粗亂 microticanemia小細胞性貧血 Deficiencies缺乏 Zinc鋅 parakeratosisandpoorgrowth角化不全和生長不良 canbeinducedbyexcessivecalcium可導致鈣過剩 Deficiencies缺乏 VitaminE Selenium維生素E 硒 suddendeathandsometimesedema espperirenal 猝死和有時候出現水腫 尤其腎周圍 mulberryheartdiseaseandhepatosisdietetica桑椹心和肝壞死 Deficiencies缺乏 VitaminA維生素A incoordination night blindness paralysisofrearlimbs共濟失調 夜盲癥 后肢麻痹 Deficiencies缺乏 Riboflavin核黃素 維生素B2 poorreproduction seborrheaandcataracts繁殖低下 皮脂溢出和白內障 Deficiencies缺乏 Niacin煙酸 diarrhea weightlossandeardermatitis腹瀉 消瘦 外耳炎 necroticenteritis壞死性腸炎 Deficiencies缺乏 PantothenicAcid泛酸 goose stepping ataxiaanddiarrhea鵝步 共濟失調和腹瀉 inflammationofthecolon結腸炎 Deficiencies缺乏 Choline膽堿 slowgrowthandsmalllittersize生長緩慢和每窩產仔數少 fattyliver脂肪肝 Deficiencies缺乏 Biotin生物素 smallerlittersize hoofcracksandscalyskin每窩產仔數少 蹄甲龜裂和肌膚甲錯 Toxicities中毒 Calcium 1 5 鈣 1 5 depressedfeedintakeandparakeratosis采食量減少和角化不全 withlimitedphosphorus poorbonestrength伴磷缺乏 骨無力 Toxicities中毒 Iron 5000mg kg鐵 5000mg kg lowfeedintake ricketsduetopoorphosphorusabsorption攝食量少 由磷吸收不良引起的軟骨癥 Toxicities中毒 Zinc 2000mg kg鋅 2000mg kg arthritis gastritisandenteritis關節炎 胃炎和腸炎 Toxicities中毒 Selenium 6mg kg硒 6mg kg dogsitting hairlossandhoofloss犬坐 被毛脫落和蹄甲脫失 Toxicities中毒 Arsenic 1000mg kg砷 1000mg kg blindness ataxia paralysisanderythema失明 共濟失調 癱瘓和紅斑 Toxicities中毒 Vomitoxin 2ppm嘔吐毒素 2ppm feedrefusal rarelyvomition拒食 罕見嘔吐 treatedbyremoval dilution用去除毒物 稀釋的方法治療 Toxicities中毒 Zearalenone 5ppm玉米烯酮 0 5ppm enlargedreproductivetract anestrusandpoorlittersize產道擴張 不發情和每窩產仔數少 feedtogrowingpigs notsows可用以飼味生長豬 而不要用于經產母豬 Toxicities中毒 Aflatoxin 200ppb黃曲霉素 200ppb immunosuppression reducedgrowthandfeedefficiency免疫抑制 生長緩慢和飼料利用率降低 Toxicities中毒 Nitrate Nitrite1800mgNo3 kg 400mgN