初級會計專業英語提綱. Choices (選擇及判斷資料) P5 會計六要素Assets are the economic resources that are owned or con trolled by a business and can be expressed in monetary units.資產指由企業擁有或控制并能用貨幣計量的經濟資源。Liabilities are the obligations or debts that a business must pay in money or services at some time in the future.負責指將來需用貨幣或服務償還的債務或履行的義務。Owners equity represents the owners interest in or claim upon a business net assets which is the difference between the amount of assets and the amount of liabilities.業主權益代表業主對企業凈資產的權益或要求權，凈資產是指企業的資產總額減負債總額后的余額。Revenues are the economic resources flowing into a business as a result of operational activities (such as providing goods or services to other economic entities).收入指由于經營活動（例如，向其他經濟實體銷售產品或提供服務）而流入企業的經濟資源。Expenses are the outflow of a businesss economic resources resulting from the operational activities (such as purchasing goods or receiving services from other economic entities).費用指由于經營活動（例如，采購或接受其他經濟實體的商品或服務）而流出企業的經濟資源。Net Earnings (or Net Loss) is the result of matching revenues with expenses.凈收益（或凈損失）為收入與費用配比的結果。A business transaction is an economic activity that can change the value of assets, liabilities, and owners equity and requires recording.交易是指那些能改變企業資產、負債、業主權益的價值并要求記錄的經濟業務。P8A ledger account is simply a record of changes (increase and decrease) and balances in the value of a specific accounting item.分類賬戶不過是特定會計項目價值的變動（增加與減少）和結余的記錄。P11P13 借貸規則(運用) 例:正常余額通常在哪一方? 應在增加方(increase)P14 科目性質哪個是資產負責: 應計收入-Accrued Revenue 預收收入- Precollected RevenueA journal is a chronological (arranged in order of time) record of business transactions.日記賬是對交易的序時（即按時間的順序）記錄。P16P20基本財務報表包括資產負債表、收益表、現金流量表。 Balance sheet is a statement of reporting the financial position of a business on a specific point of time. 資產負債表是用于報告企業某一時日的財務狀況的報表。Income Statement is a statement reporting profitability or the operating result of a business for an accounting period.收益表是用來報告企業一定會計期間的盈利情況或經營成果的報表。Statement of Owmers Equity: A linkage between Balance sheet and Income Statement.業主權益表：資產負債表和收益表之間的連接。 A trial balance is a listing of all ledger accounts and their debit or credit balances on a specific point of time.試算平衡表列示在某一時日的所有總分類賬戶及其借方和貸方余額. P26. Judgements 判斷 (課后習題) P118 1.F 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T1. Accounting is another word for bookkeeping.2. Accounting provides financial information that is only useful to a business management.3. Financial accounting focuses primarily on external users of financial information.4. Management accounting is directly concerned with stockholders and creditors.5. Creditors are interested in financial information in deciding whether to make additional loans the business.P121 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F1. Liabilities are things owned by a business.2. Accounts payable are examples of current liabilities.3. Revenues increase owners equity.4. Whenever an expense is incurred, the owners equity will be decreased.5. If revenues exceed expenses for the same accounting period, the entity is deemed to suffer a loss.P124 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F1. A=L+O.E. is the basic accounting equation.2. When an owner invests cash in a business, the asset and owners equity increase.3. Transactions involving revenues and expenses will in some cases throw the accounting equation out of balance.4. A business should be understood as an entity that is separate and distinct from its owners, customers, and creditors.5. Collection of an account receivable will increase an asset and decrease a liability.P127 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F1. Debit means left, Credit means right.2. Debit means increase, Credit means decrease.3. Expenses are increased by debits.4. Assets are increased by credits.5. For a given account, total debits must always equal total credits.P130 1. F 2.F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T1. In all journal entries, at least one account must be increased, and another decreased.2. The chart of accounts is a table of contents to the general journal.3. In all journals, all liabilities and owners equity accounts must be indented.4. The general journal is also known as the book of original entry.5. The credit portion of a general journal entry is always written secondly below the debit portion.6. A journal entry must be supported by source documents.P134 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T1. Equality of total assets with total liabilities and owners equity must always be maintained in a balance sheet.2. The Depreciation expense account is an item included in an income statement.3. Net loss increases the owners equity of a business.4. The statement of owners equity is dated “December 31201.” if it is prepared at December 31201.5. The business financial position will be reflected in a balance sheet.P137 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F1. Journal entries are made after they have been entered into the ledger accounts.2. The posting reference column of a journal or ledger should be empty until posting is done.3. The equality of a trial balance means that there are no errors made in the previous accounting procedures.4. The trial balance would locate the following error: A machine was purchased for cash but instead of crediting Cash, the credit was made to accounts Receivable.5. Steps 1-3 in the accounting cycle are completed at the end of each accounting period.P140 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F1. When an expense has accrued, but payment has not yet been made, a debit is needed for the expense and a credit for prepaid expense.2. The adjusted trial balance is the same as the trial balance, except that it has been modified by adjusting entries.3. Adjusting entries must be made after the financial statements are prepared.4. To accrue means to accumulate over a period of time.5. Under the accrual basis, the timing of cash payment or receipt is vital for recording revenues and expenses.P144 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F1. If at the end of an accounting period there is a debit balance in the income summary account, this means that the revenue has exceeded expense.2. The important role of the worksheet is to aid the accountant by bringing together all the data needed for preparing financial statements.3. Entering the adjustments in the Adjustments column of a worksheet make it unnecessary to record and post adjusting entries.4. The post-closing trial balance is the last check on the equality of debits and credits within the general ledger, before starting another accounting period.5. A worksheet is a substitude for the financial statements. Entries of daily tran sactions 分錄 P131Iune, the following transactions occurred. Record them in a general journal, beginning with page one. June 1 Invested $4000cash in his firm. (向業主投資4千美元)Dr: Cash 4000 Cr: W.S Capital (資產) 40001 paid rent for the mouth, $255 (支付本月租金255美元)Dr: Rent Expense (租金費) 250 Cr: Cash 2505 Purchased equipment on credit, $3500 (賒帳購買設備)Dr: Equipment (設備費) 3500 Cr: Accounts Payable （應付賬款） 35006 Purchased supplies for cash, $795 (現金購買物料用品)Dr: Supplies （物料費） 795 Cr: Cash 79510 Repaired motors for customers and received cash, $3700. (為顧客維修摩托收到3700元) Dr: Cash 3700 Cr : Service Revenue (服務收入) 370015 Hired an assistant at a monthly salary of $450. ( has a trasaction occurred) (聘請一個助理,每月工資為450美元) No entry18 Invested an additional $1000 in the firm. (企業投入額外1000美元) Dr: Cash 1000 Cr: W.S. Capital (資產) 100021 Purchased supplies on credit, $450. (賒帳購買物料用品)Dr: Supplies （物料費） 450 Cr: Accounts Payable （應付賬款） 45023 Paid for advertising in the local paper, $45 (支付當地報紙的廣告費)Dr: Advertising Expense (廣告費) 45 Cr: Cash 4526 Paid $2000 on the liability for equipment. (支付5號賒帳購買設備的費用)Dr: Accounts Payable （應付賬款） 2000 Cr : Cash 200028 Repaired motors for customers, and received cash,$1200. (為顧客修理摩托收到1200美元)Dr: Cash 1200 Cr: Service Revenue (服務收入) 120030 Paid electric and gas bills for the month, $295. (支付電和煤氣賬單) Dr: Utilities Expense (公用事業費) 295 Cr: Cash 29531 Paid salary for half a month. (支付半月的工資)Dr: Salaries Expense (薪金費用) 225 Cr: Cash 225. Closing entries 結帳分錄P33(1)To close Service Revenue account to the Income Summary account Service Revenue 35650 Income Summary 35650(2)To close Expense accounts accounts to the Income Summary account Income Summary 15650 Supplies Expense 11700 Depreciation Expense 360 Salaries Expense 1800 Insurance Expense 150Utilities Expense 800 Telephone Expense 840(3)To close Income Summary account to S.Wise, Capital account Income Summary 21000 S.Wise, Capital 21000(4)To close S.Wise, Drawing account to S.Wise, Capital accountS.Wise, Capital 2000 S.Wise, Withdrawal 2000.Translation 術語中譯英財務會計-financial accounting管理會計- managemen