函數1：path_alloc函數為路徑名動態地分配空間/*這個跟版本關系很大*/#include apue.h #include #include #ifdef PATH_MAX /*如果定義了路徑名的最大長度*/static int pathmax = PATH_MAX; /*將它賦予我們自己定義的變量pathmax*/#else static int pathmax = 0; /*否則該位置0*/#endif /*上面那個if結束*/#define SUSV3 200112L static long posix_version = 0; /* If PATH_MAX is indeterminate, no guarantee this is adequate */ #define PATH_MAX_GUESS 1024 char * path_alloc(int *sizep) /* also return allocated size, if nonnull */ char *ptr; int size; if (posix_version = 0) posix_version = sysconf(_SC_VERSION); if (pathmax = 0) /* first time through */ errno = 0; if (pathmax = pathconf(/, _PC_PATH_MAX) 0)/*PATH_MAX相對路徑名的最大字節數，包括null_PC_PATH_MAX*/ if (errno = 0) pathmax = PATH_MAX_GUESS; /* 確認是未決的就使用我們猜測的值 */ else /*errno不為0說明pathconf執行錯誤*/ err_sys(pathconf error for _PC_PATH_MAX); else pathmax+; /* 沒有/說明是根目錄，它也有一個路徑 */ if (posix_version SUSV3) /*size和版本有關*/ size = pathmax + 1; else size = pathmax; if (ptr = malloc(size) = NULL) /*分配空間失敗則返回空指針*/ err_sys(malloc error for pathname); if (sizep != NULL) *sizep = size; /*如果傳入的參數不是null，說明它需要分配空間，把size分給它*/return(ptr); /*返回這段空間的首地址指針*/ 遞歸降序遍歷目錄層次結構，并按文件類型計數#include#include#include#include#includeourhdr.htypedefintMyfunc(const char *, const struct stat *, int);/* function type thats called for each filename */static Myfuncmyfunc;static intmyftw(char *, Myfunc *);static intdopath(Myfunc *);static longnreg, ndir, nblk, nchr, nfifo, nslink, nsock, ntot;intmain(int argc, char *argv)intret;if (argc != 2) /*輸入的參數個數不為2，提醒輸入的格式*/err_quit(usage: ftw );ret = myftw(argv1, myfunc);/* 解析整個完整的路徑 */if ( (ntot = nreg + ndir + nblk + nchr + nfifo + nslink + nsock) = 0) /*一個文件也沒有，這個類每個都是0*/ntot = 1; /*特殊技巧，分母為0，置1也無妨，只要非0即可 0/1=0*/printf(regular files = %7ld, %5.2f %n, nreg, nreg*100.0/ntot);printf(directories = %7ld, %5.2f %n, ndir, ndir*100.0/ntot);printf(block special = %7ld, %5.2f %n, nblk, nblk*100.0/ntot);printf(char special = %7ld, %5.2f %n, nchr, nchr*100.0/ntot);printf(FIFOs = %7ld, %5.2f %n, nfifo, nfifo*100.0/ntot);printf(symbolic links = %7ld, %5.2f %n, nslink,nslink*100.0/ntot);printf(sockets = %7ld, %5.2f %n, nsock, nsock*100.0/ntot);exit(ret);/* * Descend through the hierarchy, starting at pathname. * The callers func() is called for every file. */#defineFTW_F1/* 不是目錄的文件 */#defineFTW_D2/* 目錄*/#defineFTW_DNR3/* 不可以讀的文件 */#defineFTW_NS4/* 不能被stat的文件 */static char*fullpath; /* 包含每個文件的完整路徑名 */static int /* 我們返回任何func()函數返回的*/myftw(char *pathname, Myfunc *func)fullpath = path_alloc(NULL);/這里采用默認的path_alloc大小*/*這里調用path_alloc函數，所以要gcc 2.c error.c path_alloc.c -o 2*/strcpy(fullpath, pathname); /不用像課本那樣，strcpy自動在結束的位置補上/n /* 為fullpath變量初始化 */ return(dopath(func);/* * 通過層次進行下降操作，我們從全路徑開始 * 如果是一個絕對的路徑而非一個目錄，我們調用lstat函數 * call func(), and return. For a directory, we call ourself * recursively for each name in the directory. */static int dopath(Myfunc* func)struct statstatbuf; /*statbuf是stat結構體的實例*/struct dirent*dirp; /*為獲取文件夾目錄所用的結構體*/DIR*dp; /*與目錄有關的指針*/intret;char*ptr; /*保存要顯示的字符串*/if (lstat(fullpath, &statbuf) d_name, .) = 0 | strcmp(dirp-d_name, .) = 0)continue; /*忽略.和.*/strcpy(ptr, dirp-d_name);/* append name after slash */if ( (ret = dopath(func) != 0)/* recursive */break;/* time to leave */ptr-1 = 0;/* erase everything from slash onwards */if (closedir(dp) st_mode & S_IFMT) case S_IFREG:nreg+;break;case S_IFBLK:nblk+;break;case S_IFCHR:nchr+;break;case S_IFIFO:nfifo+;break;case S_IFLNK:nslink+;break;case S_IFSOCK:nsock+;break;case S_IFDIR:err_dump(for S_IFDIR for %s, pathname);/* directories should have type = FTW_D */break;case FTW_D:ndir+;break;case FTW_DNR:err_ret(cant read directory %s, pathname);break; case FTW_NS:err_ret(stat error for %s, pathname);break;default:err_dump(unknown type %d for pathname %s, type, pathname);return(0);3. lstat函數int lstat(const char *pathname, struct stat *buf); 文件類型用中說明的文件類型宏測試S_ISREG(mode) = 1正規文件(S_IFREG)S_ISDIR(mode) = 1目錄文件(S_IFDIR)S_ISCHR(mode) = 1字符特殊文件(S_IFCHR)S_ISBLK(mode) = 1塊特殊文件(S_IFBLK)S_ISFIFO(mode) = 1管道或FIFO文件(S_IFFIFO)S_ISLNK(mode) = 1符號鏈接(S_IFLNK)S_ISSOCK(mode) = 1套接口(S_IFSOCK)針對每個命令參數打印其文件類型#include#include#includeourhdr.hint main(int argc, char *argv)inti;struct statbuf;char*ptr;for (i = 1; i argc; i+) printf(%s: , argvi);if (lstat(argvi, &buf) 0) err_ret(lstat error);continue;if (S_ISREG(buf.st_mode)ptr = regular;else if (S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)ptr = directory;else if (S_ISCHR(buf.st_mode)ptr = character special);else if (S_ISBLK(buf.st_mode)ptr