unit 9 have you ever been to a museum section a 3 (grammar focus 4c)1. knowledge and ability objects1) target language:have you ever been to a science museum?yes, ive been to a science museum./ no, ive never been to a science museum.have you ever visited the space museum?yes, i have. i went there last year./no, i havent.ive been to the art museum many times.me, too. and ive also visited the nature museum.2. method objects in teaching(1) explanation method.(2) exercise methods.1. teaching key points1. the present perfect tense.2. how to use the present perfect tense. 2. teaching difficulties to understand and use the present perfect tense.3. teaching aids1. a computer for multimedia use.2. a picture.teaching proceduresstep 1 greetings and revision greet the class as usual and check the homework. ask students to read the sentences of grammar focus aloud.step 2 learn the present perfect tense 1. 用法肯定式否定式i/you/we/they have finished the work.he/she/it has finished the work.i/you/we/they have not finished the work.he/she/it has not finished the work. 構成：have(助動詞) + p.phas(第三人稱單數助動詞) + p.p 疑問式回答have i/you finished the work?has he/she finished the work?yes, you/i have.no, you/i havent.yes, he/she has.no, he/she hasnt.have not 常縮略為haventhas not 常縮略為hasnt現在完成時的用法have you had your lunch yet?yes, i have. i have just had it.(現在我不餓了）表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。i havent seen her these days.i have known bob for three years.ive been at this school for over two years.they have lived here since 1982.she has taught us since i came to this school. 某些動詞的現在完成時可表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續到現在（包括現在）的動作或者狀態，可以和表示延續的時間狀語連用。表示持續動作或狀態的是延續性動詞。ever 意為“曾經”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。e.g. haveyoueverbeentohongkong?你曾去過香港嗎？ ihaventeverspokentoher. 我未曾和她說過話。 never意為“從來沒有”常與before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。 e.g. ihavenevertravelledbyplanebefore. 我以前從來沒有乘飛機旅行過。 2. have been to & have gone to區別比較：he has been to beijing. 他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒） he has gone to beijing. 他已經去北京了。 （人已走，不在這兒了）。have / has been (to) 表示“曾經到過某地”，說話時此人不在那里，已經回來。側重指經歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經去某地了”，說話時此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在這里。 3. 一般過去時與現在完成時的區別比較：i have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。 （我了解這部電影的內容） i saw the film last month. 我上個月看了這部電影。(只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現在情況） 一般過去時只強調過去的動作；現在完成時強調過去的事情對現在的影響。 一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用；現在完成時則不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。 一般過去時單純表示過去的經歷；現在完成時表示過去的動作或狀態延續到現在并可能持續下去。 一般過去時的時間狀語有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in october, just now 共同的時間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already, 現在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years, step 3 exercises 1. finish exercises.i. 根據括號內的要求完成下列各句，每空一詞(含縮寫)。1. my parents have come back already. (改為否定句) my parents _ _ back _. 2. the boys have been to japan lots of times. (改為一般疑問句)_ the boys _ to japan lots of times? 3. has your sister gone to the bookstore? (作肯定回答)_, she _.4. i have been to the theme park three times. (對劃線部分提問)_ _ times have you been to the theme park?5. the movie has been on for half an hour. (對劃線部分提問)_ _ has the movie been on? . 根據括號中所給動詞的提示完成下列句子或對話。1. i _ (work) in this city for 7 years. 2. how long _ she _ (live) here? since she _ (get) a new job here. 3. how many words _ you _ (learn) since two years ago?4. my mother _ never _ (hear) of this man. 5. tom _ (be) to china twice.2. finish 4a on textbook. put the correct form of the verbs in the blanks.1. a: do you want _ (come) to the space museum? b: no, ive already _ (be) there three times.2. a: have you _ (see) the robots at the science museum? b: yes, i _ (go) there last weekend.3. a: lets _ (spend) the day at the zoo. b: well, ive already _ (be) there a couple of times, but im happy _ (go) again. 4. a: how about _ (go) to the art museum? there are some special german paintings there right now. b: sure. when do you want _ (go)?5. a: have you ever _ (visit) the history museum? b: no, ive never _ (be) there.3. finish 4b on textbook. fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.most of us _ (see) mickey mouse, donald duck and other famous disney characters in cartoons before. but have you ever _ (be) to disneyland? disneyland _ (be) an amusement park with a special theme disney characters and movies. there _ (be) many exciting rides, lovely restaurants and fantastic gift shops there. you can also _ (see) the disney characters walking around the park. and have you ever _ (hear) of a disney cruise? this _ (be) a boat ride with a disney theme. you can _ (take) a ride on the boat for several days and eat and sleep on it. on the boat, you can _ (shop) and have disney