,（一）動詞的種類 動詞是表示動作或狀態的詞，按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動詞，連系動詞，助動詞和情態動詞。,1行為動詞實義動詞 行為動詞可分為及物動詞 (vt)和不及物動詞(vi)，及物動詞表示動作或狀態，有完整的詞義，能單獨作謂語，后跟賓語；不及物動詞表示動作或狀態，有完整的詞義，能單獨作謂語，但后面不能直接跟賓語，如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構成短語。 如： More and more people study English.(vt) I have a book. (vt) She always comes late. The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi),2連系動詞 連系動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構成謂語。常用的連系動詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。 如： Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. I feel happy. 3助動詞 助動詞本身無詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞，表示否定，疑問及動詞的時態、語態、人稱和數等語法特征，助動詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。 如： How do you usually come to school? The children are playing yo-yo now. ,4情態動詞 情態動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞原形一起構成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態。情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。情態動詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。 如： Can I help you? - Must we go now? No, you neednt . a. can與be able to的用法有所區別。can只用于一般現在時和過去時，指本身有能力的“能”；be able to用于各種時態均可，指須經過努力而“能”。 b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認為“必須”，只用于一般現在時和一般將來時；have/has to表示客觀需要，意為“不得不”，它可用于各種時態。 cneed和dare既可作情態動詞也可作行為動詞。,情態動詞,can / could 表示能力、可能性、許可、征求對方意見等 Little Maggie can dress herself now. You can go to Miami by train. It cant be my father. He is not here. Can I use your phone? Could you please help me.,may / might 表示可能性、許可、祝愿等 May I come to see you? You may/can phone me tomorrow. Mary is absent. She may/might be ill. May you succeed. might have done 表示本可以做而未做,must / have to must 必須 have to 不得不 1.We must keep our word. 2.I have to wear school uniform. have to 的否定式相當于neednt，表示沒有義務、沒有必要做； Must的否定式用mustnt表示禁止,You dont have to / dont need to/ neednt tell him the truth. All these exhibits mustnt be touched. must可以表示肯定猜測 1.You must be ill. I can see it from your face. (must do 對現在、未來猜測) 2.Its 1:00 am, she must be sleeping now. (must be doing表示對現在進行猜測) 3.It must have rained last night. (must have done 表示對過去的猜測),must 引導的一般疑問句 Must I return your book this week? Yes, you must./ you have to. No, you neednt.,shall / should / ought to shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或請求 1.Shall Tom go there with me? 2.Shall we watch movies? Shall用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的許諾、命令、警告、威脅等。 1.Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.,shall用于第三人稱陳述句中。在條約、規定、法令等文件中表示義務或規定。 1.The National Party Congress shall be held every five years. should表示責任、義務 should have done/ shouldnt have done,will / would 表示意愿、請求等 I will help you. Will you come this way, please? Would you open the window, please? 表示習慣或特性 1.This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.,used to/ usednt to, didnt use to / did use to Need常用語疑問句、否定句和條件句。 1.Need I tell him every