Unit 13 People能力提升題組訓練(B).閱讀理解AIt is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid-off (下崗的) co-workers out for a drink for comfort. But which side deserves sympathy more, the jobless or the still employed? On March 6, researchers at a conference at the University of Cambridge heard data suggesting its the latter.Brendan Burchell,a Cambridge sociologist,presented his analysis based on various surveys conducted across Europe. The data suggest that employed people who feel insecure in their jobs show similar levels of anxiety and depression as those who are unemployed. Although a newly jobless persons mental health may “bottom out” after about six months, and then even begin to improve,the mental state of people who are continuously worried about losing their job “just continues to get worse and worse,” Burchell says.Evolutionary psychologists support this theory by arguing that human beings feel more stress during times of insecurity because they sense an immediate but invisible threat. Patients have been known to experience higher levels of anxiety, for example, while waiting for examination results than knowing what they are suffering fromeven if the result is cancer. Its better to get the bad news and start doing something about it rather than wait with anxiety. When the uncertainty continues, people stay in a nonstop “fight or flight” response, which leads to damaging stress.But not every employee in insecure industries has such a discouraging view, Burchell says. In general, women get on better. While reporting higher levels of anxiety than men when directly questioned, women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12, even when they had a job they felt insecure about losing. As Burchell explains,“For women, most studies show that any jobit doesnt matter whether it is secure or insecuregives psychological improvement over unemployment.”Burchell supposes that the difference in men is that they tend to feel pressure not only to be employed, but also to be the primary breadwinner, and that more of a mans self-worth depends on his job.1.Why do researchers think the still employed deserve sympathy more?A.They have to do more work since then.B.They have no chance to find better jobs.C.They have to work with inexperienced workers.D.They constantly worry about losing their job.2.What is most likely to cause a “fight or flight” response?A.Not having a paid job. B.Fierce competition for jobs.C.Not knowing what will happen.D.Pressure to work longer hours.3.What will the writer talk about following the last paragraph?A.Advice on preparing a job interview.B.Advice to those in insecure industries.C.Some knowledge of psychology. D.Difference in men and women.4.What could be the best title for the text?A.Is It Less Stressful to Get Laid Off Than Stay On?B.Should Greater Sympathy Be Given to the Jobless?C.Do Employees Bear More Stress Than Ever Before?D.Do Men or Women Show Higher Levels of Anxiety?語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。研究人員發現與下崗職工相比,在職人員更值得同情,因為擔心工作是否穩定、自身的價值能否體現等一系列的心理壓力籠罩著他們,讓他們的身心備受煎熬。答案及剖析:1.D細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句中的the mental state of people who are continuously worried about losing their job “just continues to get worse and worse”可知,研究者之所以認為在職人員更值得同情,是因為在職人員一直處于擔心會失去工作的狀態中,而且他們的情況會越來越糟。故答案選D。2.C細節理解題。結合第三段內容尤其是該段最后一句可知,當不確定性持續下去時,人們會處于一種持續的“戰或逃”的反應中,而這會導致損害性壓力的產生,故“戰或逃”的反應是由不確定會發生什么而引起的。故答案選C。3.B推理判斷題。首先結合全文內容可知,文章主要講述了與下崗職工相比,在職人員更值得同情,因為他們擔心會失去工作,這種長久焦慮的精神狀態讓他們倍感壓力。由常理可知,接下來應該談到給這些焦慮的人們的一些建議或忠告,以幫助他們減緩壓力。故答案選B。4.A標題歸納題。通讀全文可知,本文將在職人員與失業人員的心理健康情況進行比較,主要是為了說明在職人員因持續擔心會失去工作而倍感壓力。故答案選A。B(2018山西質檢)The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humor has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost.When Ratner took over his fathers chain of 130 jewelry shops in 1984,he introduced a very clear company policy. He decided that his shops should sell down market products at the lowest possible prices. It was a great success. The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver decorations. By 1991,Ratners company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds. But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake. At a big meeting of top British business people,he suited up and explained the secret of his successPeople say “How can we sell our goods for such a low price?” He says “Because they are absolute rubbish.” His audience burst out laughing. But the British newspapers and the British public were not so amused. People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratners shops.Sales fell and six months after his speech, Rainers share price had fallen by 42%.The following year, things got worse and Gerald Ratner was forced to resign. By the end of 1992,he lost his company, his career and his house. Even worse,25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs. It had been a very expensive joke.5.What are the British noted for according to the passage?A.Their jewelry shops. B.Their love for jewelry.C.Their jokes about themselves.D.Their harmless humor.6.How did Ratner achieve success in his business?A.He cut down his labor cost.B.He adopted an effective business model.C.He employed a lot of new staff.D.He developed great relations with business VIPs.7.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “insulted”?A.Offended.B.Amazed.C.Abused.D. Attracted.語篇解讀:這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了英國著名的品牌珠寶商杰拉爾德拉特納在一次演講中,為了效果穿插了自嘲公司產品的笑話,被媒體報道后這種自嘲反造成巨大輿論危機,最后導致公司倒閉,員工失業。答案及剖析:5.C細節理解題。根據第一段中The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves可知,英國人喜歡開自己的玩笑。故選C項。6.B細節理解題。根據第二段中he introduced a very clear company policy以及By 1991,Ratners company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds.可知,杰拉爾德拉特納采用了新的營銷模式,并取得成效。7.A猜測詞義題。根據句中畫線詞后and stayed away from Ratners shops可知,顧客對這一玩笑話感到氣憤,不再光顧他的商店。故選A項。.語法填空(2018河北卓越聯盟試題)Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.1. has two major uses. One is that gardeners use it to produce commercial 2. (quantity) of plants. The other is that it is 3. (value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. However, the procedure of cloning is difficult 4. (undertake).On the one hand, the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep,5. (make) the whole scientific world follow its process, though it has 6. (many) problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dollys 7. (appear) raised a storm of objections and had a great impact 8. the media and public imagination. Different people have different opinions on it.9.,scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10. it is leading us.答案及剖析:1.It考查代詞。It指代上文提到的cloning。2.quantities考查名詞。quantities of為固定短語,意為“大量的”。3.valuable考查形容詞。用在be動詞之后,構成系表結構。4.to undertake考查非謂語動詞。形容詞后邊接動詞不定式。5.made考查謂語動詞。整個句子缺少謂語動詞,而且通過句意可知需要用一般過去時。6.more考查比較級。句子后邊有than。7.appearance考查名詞。接在所有格之后,并且需要做句子的主語。8.on考查介詞。have a great impact on.為固定短語,意為“對有很大的影響”。9.However考查副詞。根據句意可知,需要表達轉折。10.where考查名詞性從句。該從句中根據句意和語法去考慮,缺少地點狀語。.短文改錯According to a survey publishing by an American university,the ten fastest growing jobs will be related to computers and healths. Some of these will be new jobs,such as bioinformaticians,who combines computer skills with knowledge of biology. Others will be more traditionally. For an example,more home care nurses will be needed to look for the rapidly ageing population. Of course there will be plenty other new jobs,some of that we probably cant guess. But for those loved the outdoor life,a good bet could be the leisure industry. Therefore,more travel agents and guides to