Unit 13 We are trying to save the earth!,Section A,shark n. 鯊魚,fin n. （魚）鰭,cruel adj. 殘酷的,harmful adj. 有害的,Read the passage about sharks and complete the fact sheet below.,southern China,70 million,over 90 percent,WildAid and the WWF,Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box.,so although if but when,Many people do not realize they are killing a whole shark _ they enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup. 2. Sharks are at the top of the food chain, _ if their numbers drop, the oceansecosystem will be in danger.,when,so,3. Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered, _ they are wrong. 4. _ there are no scientific studies to support this, a lot of people believe that shark fins are good for health. 5. Sharks may disappear one day _ we do not do something to stop the sale of shark fins.,but,Although,if,Language Points,1. Save the Sharks！ save作動詞，意為“救，拯救”，后常跟介詞from 例句：He saved thr girl form the big fire. 他從大火中就出了那個女孩。 The dog saved the boys life. 那只狗救了男孩的命。,Language Points,（1）save作及物動詞，意為“儲蓄；貯存；節省”。 例句：She saved her strength for the last minutes of the race. 他保存體力，準備在比賽的最后幾分鐘沖刺。 （2）save作不及物動詞，意為“節省；存錢貯存物品”。 例句： Some animals save for the future. 一些動物為未來之需儲存食品。,拓展,Language Points,2. when people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. cut off有以下幾種意思： （1）切斷（水、電）；中斷；關掉 例句：Their water supply was cut off. （2）切下來；剪下來 例句：They cut off the heads of their captives. 他們把俘虜的頭砍了下來。,Language Points,（3）孤立 例句：The enemy soldiers were cut off from their headquaters. 敵軍同總部的聯系被切斷，成了孤軍。 The flood cut off the villages from the rest of the world. 洪水切斷了村民們與外界的聯系。 （4）剝奪繼承權 例句： He has cut his son off without a penny. 他取消了兒子的繼承權，一便士也不給。,Language Points,3. A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. 鯊魚不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。,no longer意思是“不再” 例句：Im no longer a student. 我不再是個學生了。,有兩個短語和no longer同義，即notany longer和notany more，但他們側重的方面不同。,Language Points,4. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 這種方法不但殘忍而且對環境有害。,（1）not onlybut also 用于連接兩個表示并列關系的成分，著重強調后者，其意為“不僅而且”; 其中的also有時可以省略。,Language Points,例句：She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不但很會演奏，而且還會作曲。 Not only men but also women were chosen. 不僅僅是男的，女的也有被選中的。,Language Points,若連接兩個成分作主語，其謂語通常與靠近的主語保持一致。 例句：Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得離開。,not only放在句首，后接句子時要用倒裝結構。 例句：Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 這個可憐的人不僅被罰款，而且還被 送進了監獄。,（2）be harmful to 對有害 例句： Smoking is harmful to the health. 吸煙有害健康。 Playing computer games much is harmful to students. 電腦游戲玩太多對學生有害。,Language Points,5. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem. 鯊魚位于海洋生物系統食物鏈的頂部。,at the top of 在最高地位; 用最高最大的(速度, 聲音等) 例句： I looked at the top of his head, his hair shiny and parted smoothly. 我看他的頭頂, 頭發閃亮且平滑的分開。,Language Points,He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他盡力大聲叫喊, 以便別人能聽見。,Language Points,6. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. 如果它們的數目降至過低，會給所有 海洋生物帶來危險。 此句復數形式的numbers表達全海洋中鯊 魚的總量。當表示數值的高或低時，number要用high或low修飾。,例句：In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village. 在那個國家，城市兒童入學人數比鄉鎮 及農村要高。 常與number搭配的動詞有grow, fall等。 例句：The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently. 近來擁有轎車的家庭數量增長很快。,7. Environment protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. 世界各地的環境保護組織，如野生救援協 會和世界自然基金會，都在教育公眾有關 “獵翅”的行為。 句中fin本為名詞，指 “魚鰭”。此句中的 finning由動詞化的fin（割鯊魚鰭以獲取 魚翅）的-ing形式轉化而成，指課文中所 陳述的 “獵翅”這一行為。,Exercise,1. （2013福建泉州）If we take a shower instead of bath, more water_. A. has saved B. can save C. can be saved 2. I was_ in thr middle school of the telephone call. A. cut off B. cut down C. cut in D. cut away,Homework,Write 5 measures to protect the environment.,Grammar Focus,Present progressive,used to,Passive voice,Present perfect,Modal verbs,現在進行時: Present Progressive,定義：表示說話時(瞬間)正在進行的動作, 也表示目前或現階段正在進行的動作。,結構: be (am/is/are) + v.-ing 標志詞：Look, Listen, now, right now e.g. Look! The boy is crying.,Exercise,What a fine day today! Look! What are they doing?,used to do與be used to doing,used to do sth. 表示過去常常做某事, 而現 在往往不做了, 后接動詞原 形。 be used to doing sth. 表示習慣于做某事 e.g. I used to get up at six oclock. Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.,Exercise,1. 她過去常常周末和朋友去購物。 She used to go shopping with friends on weekends. 2. 他習慣于每天晚上睡得很晚。 He is used to staying up.,被動語態：Passive voice,定義：表示主語是動作的承受者，即行 為動作的對象的一種語態。 結構：be + 過去分詞 e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.,Exercise,1. 剛才一些老年人參觀了博物館。 2. 工人們使用不同種類的機器工作。,The museum was visited by some old people just now.,Different kinds of machines are used to work by the workers.,現在完成時: Present Perfect,定義：表示動作已經完成, 但對現在造成影 響; 或者表示從過去某一時間開始一 直延續到現在并還可能持續下去的 動作。,結構: has/have + 過去分詞 標志詞：already, yet, ever, never, since, for e.g. I havent finished my homework yet.,Exercise,1. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years. 2. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before. 3. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.,have been,have,heard,has worked,情態動詞,1. 情態動詞本身有一定的詞義, 表示說話人的情緒、態度或語氣, 但不能單獨作謂語, 只能與其他動詞構成謂語。常見的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。,2. 情態動詞無人稱和數的變化, 后接動詞原形。否定式是在情態動詞后面加not。個別情態動詞有過去式形式, 可用來表達更加客氣、委婉的語氣。 e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala. Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old. You mustnt play with fire. It is dangerous.,Exercise,1. 我們不能在教室里吃東西。 2. 首先你必須完成作業。 3. 他現在不可能在家。 4. 她一定知道這個問題的答案。,We cant eat in the classroom.,You must finish your homework first.,He cant be at home now.,She must know the answer to this question.,Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.,Joe: _ you ever _ (take) part in an environmental project ? Eric: Yes, I have. I _ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city _ ever _ (have).,Have,taken,helped,considered,had,had,Joe: How many people _ (take) part? Eric: I _ (think) more than 1,000 people _ (come) to help out. Joe: Thats fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is _ (try) to improve the environment. Eric: Yes, we cant afford to _ (wait) any longer to take action!,took,think,came,trying,wait,Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box.,can would could have to should must may/ might,People _ think that big things _ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _ save,may/might,must,can,electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think its a great idea that you now _ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _ ride your bike or walk. If its far, you _ take the bus. All these,could,have to,can/should,can/could,small things _ add up and become big things that _ improve the environment. Lets take action now!,could,would/can,Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment an