年江岸區(qū)高一年級(jí)七月質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題考試時(shí)間:分鐘試卷滿分:分)注意事項(xiàng):答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatwillLindadothisafternoon?A.awalk.B.Dosomeshopping.C.Haveherphonefixed.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Linda,whataboutgoingtotheparkforawalkthisafternoon?W:Sorry,David,butmymobilephonedoesn’tworkandIplantogetanewonethisafternoon.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Attheairport.B.Atatrainstation.C.Atahouse.【答案】A【解析】第1頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)【原文】W:It’sveryniceofyoutoetoseemeJohn.M:Don’tmentionit.Sincethereisstillanhourleftbeforeyourplanetakeshowaboutgoingforacupofinthecafenearhere?W:Whynot?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.andstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Classmates.【答案】C【解析】原文】M:Hi,Lily,what’swrong?don’tlookgood.W:knowI’lltakepartintheEnglishspeechcontestI’mafraidthatI’llletourteachersdown.M:iteasy.Allofourteachersandclassmateshaveconfidenceinyou.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Gooutwiththeman.B.Staywithherguests.C.atalkshowathome.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:promisedtowatchthetalkshowintheGreatTheatertonight.Shallwegonow?W:Oh,yes,Idid.But,asyoucansee,Ihavesomeunexpectedvisitorsnow,soIamafraidIhavetosaysorry.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howlongwillittakethemantofixthewoman’slaptop?A.Aboutaweek.B.Lessthanfivedays.C.Nomorethanthreedays.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Howlongwillittakeyoutofixmylaptop?Ineedtouseitinmyspeechclassnextweek.M:I’mnotquitesure.Butitshouldn’ttakemorethanthreedays.Bytheway,wouldyoumindpayinginadvance?第二節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。第2頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)6.Whatarethespeakers?A.B.Students.C.Doctors.7.Where’sthemanworkingnow?A.InNo.1MiddleSchool.B.InNo.8MiddleSchool.C.InNo.12MiddleSchool.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Haven’tseenyouforages.How’rethingswithyou?M:Notsobad,Lily.Whataboutyou?AreyoustillteachinginNo.5MiddleSchool?W:No,IstartedteachinginNo.12MiddleSchoollastSeptember,andthisismysecondyearthere.M:Oh,whydidn’tyoutellmeearlier?I’mworkinginNo.8MiddleSchoolW:meantheschooljusttwoblocksawayfromNo.12MiddleSchool?M:Exactly!W:Oh,IthoughtyouwerestillteachinginNo.1MiddleSchool.M:it’smontochangejobsnowadays.8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Pool’sjob.B.AjobC.Alargepany.9.WholivesinLosAngeles?A.Pool.B.Thewoman.C.Pool’sbrother.10.WhydoesthemanthinkPoolwon’tgetthenewjob?A.It’stoofaraway.B.Hewantsthejobhimself.C.Poolshowslittleinterestinit.【答案】8.A9.C10.A【解析】第3頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)【原文】W:WhatapityPoolcouldn’tgetthatjob!M:hehasn’tbeenhimselfrecently.W:Ishestillupsetaboutthatjob?M:heisreallydisappointed.W:Hecan’tgoonbeingdepressedforever.Hehastostartlookingforsomethingelse.M:he’sapplyingforanotherjobOh,it’sagreatjob,verysimilartotheonehedidn’tget.It’sanevenlargerpany,butit’sinLosAngeles.Poolhasabrotherwholivesthere.W:Doesitlookpromising?M:No,Ireallydon’tthinkhe’llgetit,and,well,Iknowthissoundsselfish,butinawayIamhappy.Imean,LosAngelesistwothousandmilesfromhere.Whatroomdoesthemanwanttoreserve?A.Asingleroom.B.Adoubleroom.C.Afamilyroom.12.Whatcanthemanenjoyatthehotel?A.Freeparking.B.Adiscount.C.Freemeals.13.Wherewilltheman’sroombe?A.Onthesecondfloor.B.Onthefifthfloor.C.Onthesixthfloor.【答案】A12.B13.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello!ModerneHotel.MayIhelpyou?M:I’dliketomakeareservation.W:Whatkindofroomdoyouwant?Asingleroom,adoubleroomorafamilyroom?M:Ijustneedaroomformyself.AndthefirstoneisOK.Howmuchistheroom,please?W:Theregularrateis200dollarsaday.Ifyoustayformorethanonenight,youcangeta10percentdiscount.Butmealsaren’tincludedandfreeparkingisunavailable.Sohowlongwillyoustayhere?M:Justtonightandtomorrownight.Sodoyoustillhavearoomavailable?W:Thereisoneavailableonthesecondfloor,thefifthfloorandthesixthfloor.Whichfloordoyouprefer?M:Thehighestplease.IwanttohaveagoodW:OK.第4頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)14.WhoisMarilyn?A.Thecouple’sdaughter.B.Bruce’smother.C.Bruce’sfriend.15.HowmuchdoesBruceearnaweek?A.$7.B.$16.C.$4.16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofBruce?A.Hardworking.B.Honest.C.Helpful.【答案】14.C15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:Paul,doyouknowMarilyn?M:sheisBruce’sfriend.Oh,BrucetoldmetheotherdaythatnextisMarilyn’sbirthday.HewantstobuyasetoftheHarryPotterseriesforMarilyn.W:Mostgirlslikethatkindofbook,butthatmaycostalotofmoney.M:soBrucehasbeentryingtodomanydifferentparttimejobs.W:Oh,doeshestilldelivernewspaperseverymorning?M:hedoes.Heearnssevendollarseveryweekbydeliveringnewspapersandbywalkingdogsforneighbors,heearnsanotherfivedollarsaweek.Hehelpscleanthemunityandearnsfourdollarsaweek.W:I’msoproudofhim.Heiskindandworkshard.Peoplearoundalllikehimverymuch.M:areright,honey.Butperhapswecangivehimsomemoneytohelphimandhewillnotbetootired.W:Um...Idon’tthinkso.Heisthirteen,andheneedstoknowmoneydoesn’teeasily.M:Thenhowabouthiringhimtohelpuswithhousework?W:Goodidea.17.HowmanypeoplelivedinLlithfaenwhennearbyfactorieswereclosed?A.600.B.300.C.200.18.Whatwasclosedasaresultofthepopulationdecline?A.Aprimaryschool.B.Aleisurecentre.C.Ayouthclub.19.HowmuchmoneydidJohnJonesactuallycollect?第5頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)A.￡19,500.B.￡6,000.C.￡6,500.20.Whorunstheshopnow?A.JohnJones.B.Ayoungcouple.C.Allthevillagers.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.B【解析】【原文】Hello,everyone!HereisapieceofnewsfromLlithfaen.know,Llithfaenoncehadapopulationof600butthathalvedwhennearbyfactorieswereclosed.Theprimaryschoolwasshutbecauseofthepopulationdeclinebutthelocalsturneditintoaleisurecentreandyouthclub.Lastweek,peopleofLlithfaenclubbedtogethertobuytheonlyshop,tenyearsafterbuyingthepub.Nowtheyhavehelpedtokeeptheshopopen.Mostofthecost,￡19,500,wasmetbythelocalgovernment,butthevillagersneededtoraiseafurther￡6,000tobuytheshopfromtheagedownerwhoisretiring.JohnJones,chairmanofthemunitymittee,wentaroundeveryhouseandcamebackwith￡500morethantheyneeded.Nowtheshopbelongstoallthevillagersandisrunbyayoungcouple,whoweretouchedbythewonderfulmunityspirithere.第二部分閱讀理解共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheNationalGallerydisplaysoneofthefinestandmostprehensivecollectionsofEuropeanpainting.Itincludesmanyfamousworks,suchasEyck’sArnolfiniPortrait,RokebyVenus,FightingTemeraireandGogh’sSunflowers.AllmajortraditionsofEuropeanpaintingarerepresentedfromtheartistsoflatemedievalandRenaissanceItalytotheFrenchImpressionists.Thisplanwillhelpyoutoexplorethecollection.maywishtostartbyfindingoneofthefamouspaintingsillustratedoverleaf.canalsoplanyourrouteusingtheArtStarttouchscreenguides.Freeguidedtoursandavarietyofaudioguidesareavailable.Forfurtherinformation,askatInformationDesksorpickuptheWhat’sOnandBookNowguidesforfulldetailsoftalks,toursandfamilyevents.AThepaintingsintheNationalGallerybelongtothepublicandentrancetoseethemisfree.TheGallerywas第6頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)foundedin1824,butitdidnotacquireitscurrenthome,designedbyuntil1838.ThesiteinSquarewaschosenforitscentrallocation,accessibletoboththerichofLondonandthepoorermunitiesoftheEastEnd.Thebuildinghasbeenextendedandimprovedovertheyears,mostnotablyin1991withtheopeningoftheSainsburydesignedbyScottBrown&Associates.TheGallerycontinuestoensurethatthewidestpossiblepubliccanenjoythepaintings.Ifyoudonotwishtokeepthisplan,pleasereturnittoanInformationDeskforrecycling.21.HowcanvisitorsfindtheillustratedpaintingSunflowers?AAskforanaudioguide.B.ReadBookNowguides.C.Searchitonthebackoftheplan.D.UsetheArtStarttouchscreenguides.22.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheNationalGallerybuilding?A.Ithasbeenexpandedovertime.B.Itwasdesignedbyalone.C.designedtheSainsburyD.Itscurrentformwaspletedin1824.23.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Apersonaldiary.B.Atravelwebsite.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Amuseumleaflet.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了國(guó)家美術(shù)館的藏品、參觀方式、建筑歷史等信息。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“maywishtostartbyfindingoneofthefamouspaintingsillustratedoverleaf.()overleafplanC項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thebuildinghasbeenextendedandimprovedovertheyears,mostnotablyin1991withtheopeningoftheSainsburydesignedbyScottBrown&Associates.(第7頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)1991)”可知，關(guān)于國(guó)家美術(shù)館可以了解到隨著時(shí)間的推移，它已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大了。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了國(guó)家美術(shù)館的藏品、參觀方式、建筑歷史等信息，整體是關(guān)于美術(shù)館的介紹，所以最有可能來(lái)自博物館的傳單（museumleafletBNotlongbeforewritingthisnote,IsetoutwithGracietohikeafavoritetrail,whichishowIfoundmyselfoutofbreathupasteepBerkshireshillsideinlatewinterThetrailhadn’tbeenbroken,andtherewasawildwind.Ipausedatafork.Onewayledtothehighestpointinthepreserve,ourgoalfortheday,andtheotherdescended,wrappedaroundtheandbacktotheparkingarea.Alongerbuteasiertrailthatpassedbyanimpressivebeaverdamwealwayslovedtosee.Graciesat,herwaggingtailmakingaonewingedsnowangel.IthoughtofcancersurvivorHartke’sbravestoryinthisissue,aboutstruggletoreachthetopofElMinsti,adormantvolcanoinPeru,andthelessonshelearned.LikeIhatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifminewasmore.maybe,likeIshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod’splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday.don’tpickstoriesforanissuearoundacertaintheme.Still,athemesometimessuggestsitselfasthepiecesdevelop.ourcoverstory,byMaryBryantShrader.Herplanwastobeeahardchargingcorporatelawyer.Nowshe’sacookingstarandprepper,teachingpeopletraditionalwaysofkeepingakitchen.Littledidsheknowhowthatphilosophywouldinfluenceherfaithinamomentofcrisis.Inherstory,NightandDay,allJessicaReeddesiredforwastobenormal.washerideaof“normal”God’sidea?acrosscountryridewithJimHinchandsoninTheTwoDudes,andwitnesshowthebestlaidplansofafathercantakeadifferentturn.Inmylife,I’velearnedthatthepathlaidoutbeforemewasnottheoneIthoughtIwouldAndyetithasbroughtgreatfortune.Evenonalatewinterdayonasnowyhillsidetrail.“eon,Gracie,”Isaid.“Let’sgoseethebeavers.”24.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenpausingatthefork?A.Confident.B.Hesitant.C.Determined.D.Impatient.25.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“modest”inparagraph2?A.Ordinary.B.Challenging.C.Expensive.D.Hidden.26.WhatismonamongHartke,MaryShrader,andJessicaReed?A.Theyfailedincareer.B.Theyshiftedpersonalgoals.第8頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)C.Theybrokeformerplans.D.Theyfoundfaiththroughnature.27.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.criticizestrictplanning.B.promotereligiousbeliefs.C.encourageflexiblethinking.D.describeahikingadventure.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和寵物狗在雪天徒步旅行時(shí)，在岔路口做出選擇，進(jìn)而引發(fā)對(duì)人生中計(jì)劃與變故的思考，并通過(guò)列舉他人的故事，鼓勵(lì)人們靈活看待人生。【24題詳解】LikeIhatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifminewasmoremodest.maybe,likeIshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod’splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday.(modest林恩一樣，我應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，我的計(jì)劃并不總是上帝的計(jì)劃，至少今天不是，也許在任何一天都不是)”可知，作者提到自己和一樣不喜歡在達(dá)到目標(biāo)前放棄，但又在思考也許自己的計(jì)劃并不總是對(duì)的，由此可Hesitant“猶豫的”符合作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。A.Confident自信的；C.Determined堅(jiān)定的；D.Impatient不耐煩的。故選B。【25題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“LikeIhatetogiveupbeforereachingagoal,evenifmiCnewasmoremodest.maybe,likeIshouldrecognizethatmyplanisnotalwaysGod’splan,nottodayatleast,andmaybenotonanygivenday.(像林恩一樣，我也不喜歡在達(dá)到目標(biāo)之前就放棄，即使我的目標(biāo)更modest。然而，也許和林恩一樣，我應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，我的計(jì)劃并不總是上帝的計(jì)劃，至少今天不是，也許在任何一天都不是)”可知，作者將爬秘魯?shù)幕鹕胶妥约旱耐讲侥繕?biāo)對(duì)比，說(shuō)明自己的目標(biāo)相對(duì)而言沒(méi)有那么宏大、不一般，是較為普通的，Ordinary“普通的”符合語(yǔ)境。B.Challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；C.Expensive昂貴的；D.Hidden隱藏的。故選A。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ourcoverstory,byMaryBryantShrader.Herplanwastobeeahardchargingcorporatelawyer.Nowshe’sacookingstarandprepper,teachingpeopletraditionalwaysofkeepingakitchen.Littledidsheknowhowthatphilosophywouldinfluenceherfaithinamomentofcrisis.Inherstory,NightandDay,allJessicaReeddesiredforwastobenormal.washerideaof“normal”God’sidea?(來(lái)看看我們的封面故事，作者是瑪麗·布萊恩特·施雷德。她原本的計(jì)劃是成為一名積極進(jìn)取的企業(yè)律師。第9頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)機(jī)時(shí)刻，這種理念會(huì)對(duì)她的信仰產(chǎn)生影響。在她的故事《日與夜》中，杰西卡·里德一心只想過(guò)上平凡的生活。然而，她所認(rèn)為的“平凡”，真的是上帝眼中的“平凡”嗎？)”可知，Hartke原本計(jì)劃爬秘MaryBryantShrader烹飪明星；JessicaReed原本渴望“平凡”，但她的“平凡”觀念可能與上帝的想法不同，意味著她也有個(gè)人目標(biāo)或想法的轉(zhuǎn)變。這三個(gè)人都改變了自己原本的個(gè)人目標(biāo)或想法。故選B。【27題詳解】HartkeMaryBryantShraderJessicaReed等人的故事，這些人都在人生中經(jīng)歷了計(jì)劃與現(xiàn)實(shí)的差異，最后作者決定改變?cè)?jì)劃去看海貍，并在最后一段中提到“Inmylife,I’velearnedthatthepathlaidoutbeforemewasnottheoneIthoughtIwouldAndyetithasbroughtgreatfortune.(在我的生活中，我明白了擺在我面前的道路并不是我想象中的那條。然而，它卻給我?guī)?lái)了巨大的財(cái)富)”由此可推斷出作者寫(xiě)這篇文章是為了鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)人生的變化時(shí)要靈活思考，不要固執(zhí)地堅(jiān)持原計(jì)劃。故選C。CDogshavebeenclosefourleggedfriendsofhumansforaslongaswecanremember,butexactlyhowlonghasthisrelationshiplasted?Scientistsmayfinallyhaveananswer,thankstoanewstudyonancienthumanremainsfoundinAlaska.Theresearchsuggeststhatthestrongbondbetweenhumansandtheancestorsoftoday’sdogsbegan12,000yearsago.nowhaveproofthatdogsandhumanshadcloseconnectionsearlierthanwethoughtintheAmericas”saidthestudy’sleadauthor,FrancoisLanoe,anassistantresearcherattheUniversityofArizona’sSchoolofAnthropology.“PeopleinterestedintheoriginsoftheAmericaswanttoknowifthefirsthumansarrivedwithdogs.Untilwefindtheseanimalsinolddiggingsites,wecanonlyguess—it’shardtoconfirm.Thisdiscoveryisverysignificant.”Ina2018archaeologicalstudy,thesameteamfoundalowerlegbonefromanadultdoglikeanimalatasiteinAlaska.Carbondatingshowedtheanimallived12,000yearsago,neartheendoftheIceAge.Morerecently,inJune2023,theteamdugupan8,100yearoldjawbonefromasimilaranimalatanearbysite.Forthenewstudy,scientistsperformedchemicaltestsonthesebones.Theyfoundsalmonproteins,suggestingtheseanimalsatefishregularly.Thiswasunusualbecausedoglikeanimalsatthetimeonlyhuntedland第10頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)animals,showinghumaninfluence.Whiletheteambelievesthisistheearliestknownrelationshipbetweenhumansanddogs,theysayit’stoosoontobecertain.Akeyquestionremains:“Whatdefinesadog?”saidDr.BenPotter,acoauthorofthestudyandanarchaeologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks.Thoughthesecreaturesactedandlookedlikedogs,theymightbetooancienttobegeneticallyconnectedtomoderndogsweknowtoday.28.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AnewstudyprovesdogsoriginatedinAlaska.B.AncientdogssurvivedtheIceAgebyeatingfish.C.ScientistsdiscoveredtheoldesthumanremainsinAmerica.D.Humansanddogsdevelopedaclosebond12,000yearsago.29.Whatcanweinferaboutthesignificanceofthediscovery?A.ItconfirmsdogsarrivedinAmericabeforehumans.B.Itprovidescluesaboutearlyhumandoginteractions.C.Itsolvesthemysteryofmoderndoggenetics.D.ItdisprovesprevioustheoriesabouttheIceAge.30.Howwastheageofthebonedeterminedinthe2018study?A.Genetictesting.B.Carbondating.C.Proteinanalysis.D.Siteparison.31.Whyistheteamuncertainabouttheearliesthumandogrelationship?A.geneticconnection.B.Lackofmultiplebonesamples.C.Confusionoverdefining“dog”.D.Inconclusivesalmonproteinresults.【答案】28.D29.B30.B31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是科學(xué)家通過(guò)一項(xiàng)針對(duì)阿拉斯加古人類遺骸的新研究，揭示了人類與狗之間深厚關(guān)系的起源時(shí)間。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Theresearchsuggeststhatthestrongbondbetweenhumansandtheancestorsoftoday’sdogsbegan12,000yearsago.(研究表明，人類和今天狗的祖先之間的緊密聯(lián)系始于12000年前)”可知，本文主要講的是人類和狗在12000年前就建立了親密的關(guān)系，因此主旨是D選項(xiàng)“Humansanddogsdevelopedaclosebond12,000yearsago.(人類和狗在12000年前就建立了親密的關(guān)系)”。故選D。第11頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““PeopleinterestedintheoriginsoftheAmericaswanttoknowifthefirsthumansarrivedwithdogs.Untilwefindtheseanimalsinolddiggingsites,wecanonlyguess—it’shardtoconfirm.Thisdiscoveryisverysignificant.”(“對(duì)美洲起源感興趣的人想知道第一批人類是否帶著狗來(lái)到這里。在我們?cè)谂f)期人類與狗的互動(dòng)提供了線索。故選B。【30題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Ina2018archaeologicalstudy,thesameteamfoundalowerlegbonefromanadultdoglikeanimalatasiteinAlaska.Carbondatingshowedtheanimallived12,000yearsago,neartheendoftheIceAge.(在2018小腿骨。碳同位素測(cè)年法顯示，該動(dòng)物生活在12,000年前，接近冰河時(shí)代末期)”可知，在2018年的研究中，骨頭的年齡是通過(guò)碳同位素測(cè)年法確定的。故選B。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Akeyquestionremains:“Whatdefinesadog?”saidDr.BenPotter,acoauthorofthestudyandanarchaeologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks.(該研究的合著者、阿拉斯加大學(xué)費(fèi)爾班克斯分校的考古學(xué)家BenPotter博士說(shuō)道)”可知，研究小組對(duì)最早的人狗關(guān)系不確定是因?yàn)閷?duì)“狗”定義的困惑。故選C。DThe“hedgehog(刺猬)dilemma”isafamousmetaphorfromGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer.Inhis1851book,hedescribedhowhumansstrugglewithrelationshipsthroughastoryabouthedgehogs.Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.Thissadstorybecamewidelydiscussed.SigmundFreudandmodernscientistsstudiedthisidea.In2015,anawardwinningshortfilmcalledHenryretoldthisstory.Howdoesthisapplytoreallife?Mostpeoplerememberbeinghurtbycloserelationships–brokenfriendships,familyconflicts,orromanticbetrayals.Sincetheseconnectionsmatterdeeply,theirdamagehurtsmore.Shouldwestoptrustingothers?Schopenhauersaidyes,butsciencewouldsayotherwise.AstudyinPLOSMedicinereviewing148studieswithover300,000peoplefoundthosewithstrongsocialconnectionslive50%longer.TheNationalInstituteonAgingwarnsthatlonelinessharmshealthasmuchassmoking15cigarettesdaily—makingSchopenhauer’sadviceconcerning.Whenhurtrepeatedly,peopleoftenfallintodefensemode.RelationshipexpertHilarySandersexplains第12頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)mondefensebehaviors:goingsilentduringarguments,seeingnormalmentsascriticism,oroverreactingtosmallissues.Thesereactionsoftenstartinchildhood.Ifparentsoftencriticizedorclassmatesbulliedsomeone,theymightdevelophabitslikepretendingnottocareorgettingangryeasily.Whilethesehelpedsurvivechildhoodpain,theycauseproblemsinadultrelationshipswhenusedunconsciously.Thegoodnewsispeoplecanchange.Throughtherapy,manylearntorecognizetheirdefensepatternsandunderstandtheirorigins.Couplescanimproverelationshipsbylearningeachother’semotionaltriggersandrespondingthoughtfullyinsteadofarguing.However,Sanderswarnsthatdefensesshouldn’tberemovedsuddenly—it’sliketakingdownawallbrickbybrick.AlthoughSchopenhauerfocusedonthepainofcloseness,thehedgehogstoryactuallyshowsourdeepneedforconnection.Unlikerealhedgehogs,humansaren’tbornwithphysicalspines.Bycarefullyloweringourdefensesaroundtrustworthypeople,wemighttrulyenjoybothwarmthandsafetyinrelationships.32.Whydoestheauthormentionthehedgehogdilemmainparagraph1?A.emphasizeitsimportance.B.supportSchopenhauer’sadvice.C.remendSchopenhauer’sbook.D.introducethethemeofrelationship.33.WhatisSchopenhauer’scoresolutiontothe“hedgehogdilemma”?A.closeness.B.Seektherapy.C.Ignorepain.D.Buildwalls.34.WhatmajorevidencegoesagainstSchopenhauer’sadvice?A.Defensebehaviorofpeople.B.Freud’sstudies.C.Longevityfromsocialties.D.Henry’sshortfilm.35.WhatdoesSanderssayaboutcloseconnection?A.Couplesshouldlearntodefenditthoughtfully.B.Humanscanbenefitfromitunconsciously.C.Itcanhelpchildrenrelievechildhoodpain.D.Peopleshouldmakegradualprogressinit.【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章圍繞德國(guó)哲學(xué)家叔本華提出的“刺猬困境”展開(kāi)，探討了人際關(guān)系中的距第13頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)離與親密問(wèn)題。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“The“hedgehog(刺猬)dilemma”isafamousmetaphorfromGermanphilosopherArthurSchopenhauer.Inhis1851book,hedescribedhowhumansstrugglewithrelationshipsthroughastoryabouthedgehogs.Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.(他1851年出版的書(shū)中，他通過(guò)一個(gè)關(guān)于刺猬的故事描述了人類如何在人際關(guān)系中掙扎。他的建議很簡(jiǎn)單：保持距離。)”可知，文章第一段提到“刺猬困境”這一著名隱喻，接著闡述其在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活人際關(guān)系中的體現(xiàn)，如親密關(guān)系中的傷害等。所以作者提及“刺猬困境”是為了引出關(guān)于人際關(guān)系這一主題。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.(他的建議很簡(jiǎn)單：保持距離。)”可知，叔本華對(duì)于“刺猬困境”的核心解決辦法是保持距離，也就是避免親密（closenessA項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hisadvicewassimple:keepyourdistance.(他的建議很簡(jiǎn)單：保持距離。)”提到叔本華建議保持距離，以及第四段中“AstudyinPLOSMedicinereviewing148studieswithover300,000peoplefoundthosewithstrongsocialconnectionslive50%longer.(回顧了148項(xiàng)涉及30多萬(wàn)人的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)有強(qiáng)大社交關(guān)系的人壽命長(zhǎng)50%。)”這表明社交關(guān)系對(duì)人有益，與叔本華的建議相悖。故選C項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】However,Sanderswarnsthatdefensesshouldn’tberemovedsuddenly—it’sliketakingdownawallbrickbybrick.(然而，桑德斯警告說(shuō)，防御不應(yīng)該突然拆除，就像一磚一瓦地拆墻一樣。)”可知，桑德斯認(rèn)為人們?cè)诮⒂H密關(guān)系時(shí)，不應(yīng)突然去除防御，要像一磚一瓦拆除墻一樣循序漸進(jìn)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)共5小題:每小題5分,滿分5分)閱讀下面短文,Onethingthatmostofuswillagreeonisthatthereisalotofintheworld.Andwithenvironmentalandeconomicconcernsonourminds,wouldn’titmakesenseifwecouldsharethingsbetweenusabitmore?____36____Sharinglibrariesusefulitemstolocalpeople,whoareabletoborrowandreturnthem,freeofchargeorforaverylowfee.Thesecollectionstendtofocusonmonthingsthatweallneed,butwhichwedon’tuseconstantly.Thissavesontheenvironmentalimpactofproducingtheitemsbyreducingthedemandfornewthings.第14頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)____37____Forfamilies,financialbarrierscanmeanthatthingsliketoysorfortableclothingcanbeknockeddowntheprioritieslist.Buttheselibrariescreateasenseofequalityinthemunity,meaningthatindividualsdon’tneedtogowithout.Thereareseveralwaystofindoutwhereyourclosestsharinglibraryis.____38____Itmaps50librariesacrosstheUK.Butifyourareaisn’tlistedbythosesites,don’tgiveuphope.Somemunitieswillsetupsmaller,informalversionsoftheselibraries—forexample,streetWhatsAppgroupswherepeopleaskifanyoneontheroadhasthethingthey’relookingtoborrow,orlocalpassitongroups.____39____AttendtheNetwork’sonlineworkshopstolearnmoreaboutsharinglibrariesandhowtosetoneupforthemselves.Inaworldwherewe’reencouragedtocontinuetocollectmoreandmoresharinglibrariesaretakingastandfortheenvironmentandforourpersonalfinances.So,nexttimeyoufindyourselfinneedofsomethinghandy,considerlookingforawaytoborrowit.____40____A.Stillnoluck?B.Ifunlisted,searchlocally.C.Atthecoreofsharinglibrariesisgreateraccess.D.Thisisthefundamentalideabehindsharinglibraries.E.Thisconceptchallengestraditionalownershipmodels.F.StartbycheckingtheUKSharingLibrariesNetworkwebsite.G.It’llbeeasyontheplanet,easyonyourpocket,andgreatforthemunity.【答案】36.D37.C38.F39.A40.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要圍繞共享圖書(shū)館展開(kāi)，介紹了其理念、作用、查找方式等內(nèi)容。【36題詳解】前文“Andwithenvironmentalandeconomicconcernsonourminds,wouldn’titmakesenseifwecouldsharethingsbetweenusabitmore?(考慮到我們對(duì)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)的擔(dān)憂，如果我們能更多地分享一些東西，這不是很有意義嗎？)”提出“在考慮環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的情況下，我們多共享物品是否有意義”的疑問(wèn)，后文“Sharinglibrariesusefulitemstolocalpeople,whoareabletoborrowandreturnthem,freeofchargeorforaverylowfee.()”緊接著介紹了共享圖書(shū)館的運(yùn)作模式，即向當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┪锲罚擅赓M(fèi)或低價(jià)借用和歸還。選項(xiàng)D“Thisisthefundamentalideabehindsharinglibraries.(這就是共享圖書(shū)館背后的基本理念)想法，起到了承上啟下的作用，自然地引出了后文對(duì)共享圖書(shū)館的介紹。故選D項(xiàng)。第15頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)【37題詳解】空格處是該段的主題句。后文“Forfamilies,financialbarrierscanmeanthatthingsliketoysorfortableclothingcanbeknockeddowntheprioritieslist.Buttheselibrariescreateasenseofequalityinthemunity,meaningthatindividualsdon’tneedtogowithout.(先級(jí)降低，但這些圖書(shū)館在社區(qū)中營(yíng)造了平等感，讓人們不會(huì)缺少這些東西)”強(qiáng)調(diào)了共享圖書(shū)館能讓人們C“Atthecoreofsharinglibrariesisgreateraccess.(共享圖書(shū)館的核心是讓人們更容易獲取物品)”準(zhǔn)確概括了后文共享圖書(shū)館促進(jìn)社區(qū)平等、讓人們能獲取物品的核心內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。【38題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thereareseveralwaystofindoutwhereyourclosestsharinglibraryis.(有幾種方法可以找到最近的共享圖書(shū)館在哪里)F“StartbycheckingtheUKSharingLibrariesNetworkwebsite.(先查看英國(guó)共享圖書(shū)館網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)站)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。【39題詳解】前文“Butifyourareaisn’tlistedbythosesites,don’tgiveuphope.Somemunitieswillsetupsmaller,informalversionsoftheselibraries—forexample,streetWhatsAppgroupswherepeopleaskifanyoneontheroadhasthethingthey’relookingtoborrow,orlocalpassitongroups.(但是，如果你所在的地區(qū)沒(méi)有被這些網(wǎng)——WhatsApp可以在那里詢問(wèn)路上是否有人有他們想借的東西，或者當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鬟f小組)”提到如果所在地區(qū)未在相關(guān)網(wǎng)站A“Stillnoluck?(還是沒(méi)找到嗎？)”，承接前文在網(wǎng)站未找到的情況，自然地引出后文“AttendtheNetwork’sonlineworkshopstolearnmoreaboutsharinglibrariesandhowtosetoneupforthemselves.(參加網(wǎng)絡(luò)的在線研討會(huì)，了解更多關(guān)于共享圖書(shū)館的知識(shí)，以及如何為自己建立一個(gè)圖書(shū)館)A項(xiàng)。【40題詳解】前文“So,nexttimeyoufindyourselfinneedofsomethinghandy,considerlookingforawaytoborrowit.(所以，下次當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己需要手邊的東西時(shí)，考慮一下想辦法借)”鼓勵(lì)人們下次需要物品時(shí)考慮從共享圖書(shū)館借用。選項(xiàng)G“It’llbeeasyontheplanet,easyonyourpocket,andgreatforthemunity.(這對(duì)地球有益，對(duì)你的錢(qián)包友好，對(duì)社區(qū)也有好處)”，全面總結(jié)了從共享圖書(shū)館借用物品的好處，與前文鼓勵(lì)借用的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)完形填空共小題:每小題1分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。第16頁(yè)/共26頁(yè)IalwaysenjoyedwildernessadventuresinAfrica.Oneday,Ioverheardacyclingtrailrunningthroughthebushafter____41____inAustralia.Iresearchedthetrailandbecame____42____aboutridingitduringthesummerholidays.Thetrailwasstillnewandmobilephone____43____alongtheroutewaspoor.IstartedatCollie.Itwasveryhot,andIdrankwater____44____andthefirstthingIdidwhenIarrivedatthefirststopwas____45____therainwatertank.Iwas____46____tofindthatithadwater.Thenextdaythetrail____47____becamedifficulttofind.Bymidday,the____48____hadbeeunbearable.Iwasbeingincreasingly____49____whenIrealizedthatIwasquitelost.Istoppedtoconsidermy____50____.The____51____planwastostayovernightatatouristpark,butIhadnoideawhereIwas.Igot