40分閱讀限時練(八)閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分40分)第一節(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A[2019·貴陽市期末監測]InSingapore,artismorethanwhatmeetstheeye.Galleriesandmuseumsherearenotjustplacestobeinspired,butalsohomestodistinctivesouvenirs.Takehomewell-designedpiecesthatreflectyourpersonality.SingaporeTylerPrintInstitute(STPI)41RobertsonQuay,Singapore238236.＋6563363663.Mon.－Fri.10a．m.－7p．m.;Sat.9a．m.－6p．m.STPIisaspaceforexperimentationofprintandpaper.Walkthroughthegalleryandjoinotherartloversindevelopinganappreciationofprintandpaperartpractice.STPIallowsyoutoownapieceoftheworkproducedbyartistsatthegalleryworkshops.RedDotDesign11MarinaBoulevard,Singapore018940.＋6565140111.Mon.－Thur.10a．m.－8p．m.;Fri.－Sun.10a．m.－11p．m.Fromlightingtoparasol(陽傘),theRedDotDesignMuseumpresentsaward-winningproductsanddesignconceptsfromover30countries.HeadtotheDesignMuseumShop,therearemanyinterestingdesignobjectsandcollectionssourcedfromallovertheworld.NationalGallerySingapore(1St.Andrew'sRd,Mon.－Thur.,Sat.－Sun.10a．m.－7p．m.;Fri.10a．m.－9p．m.NGSoccupiestwomajorlandmarks—theformerSupremeCourtandCityHall—andfeaturesover8,000artworks,whichisthelargestpublicdisplayofmodernSoutheastAsianartandculture.Itisalsoahometoahostofinternationalexhibitionsthathaveinspiredtheworldandwillberememberedforyearstocome.SingaporePhilatelicMuseum(SPM)23-BColemanStreet,Singapore179807.＋6563373888.Daily10a．m.－7p．m..Fascinatedbystamps?SPMfeaturespostagestampsdatingallthewaybackfromthe1830s.Enjoythisvibrantmuseum'sin-depthpresentationoflocalandinternationalpostalhistory.SendSingapore-inspiredpostcardsorcollectminiaturepostboxesfromSingaporeandaroundtheworld.Charmingsouvenirsatthemuseumstorewillmakecreativedecorationsforyourhomeoroffice.體裁：應用文題材：廣告主題：新加坡的四個畫廊和博物館【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了新加坡的四個畫廊和博物館，具體介紹了其地址、電話、開放時間、服務特色等。【難句分析】Itisalsoahometoahostofinternationalexhibitionsthathaveinspiredtheworldandwillberememberedforyearstocome.分析：該句為主從復合句。句中“thathaveinspiredtheworldandwillberememberedforyearstocome”為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞“internationalexhibitions”，that在從句中作主語。譯文：它也是許多國際展覽的舉辦地，這些展覽鼓舞了世界，并將在未來的歲月中為人們所銘記。1．WhichnumberisavailableifyouhaveanyquestiononRedA．＋6563363663.B．＋6565140111.C．＋6562717000.D．＋6563373888.答案與解析：B考查細節理解。根據題干中的關鍵詞“RedDotDesignMuseum”定位至RedDotDesignMuseum(RDDM)部分。根據該部分中的＋6565140111可知選B項。2．WhichofthefollowingistheaddressofNationalGalleryA．41RobertsonQuay,Singapore238236.B．11MarinaBoulevard,C．1St.Andrew'sRd,D．23-BColemanStreet,答案與解析：C考查細節理解。根據題干中的關鍵詞“NationalGallerySingapore”定位至NationalGallerySingapore(NGS)部分，根據該部分中的“1St.Andrew'sRd,Singapore178957”3．Wherecanyougoifyouarefondofstamps?A．SingaporeTylerPrintInstitute.B．RedC．NationalGalleryD．SingaporePhilatelicMuseum.答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據題干中的關鍵詞“stamps”定位至SingaporePhilatelicMuseum(SPM)部分，根據該部分中的“SPMfeaturespostagestampsdatingallthewaybackfromthe1830s”可推知，喜歡郵票的人可以去SingaporePhilatelicMuseum，故D項正確。B[2019·九江二模]IwenttoaNewYorkMetsfantasycampin1995,anincredibleexperience.IwasfortunatetobeonateamwhosepitchingcoachwasMelStottlemyre,theformerYankeesstarpitcher(投手)andMetsandYankeescoach.IwasupsetwhenMeldiedofcanceronJan.13,2018,attheageof77.Hewaswarm,friendlyandtreatedusasifweweremajorleagues.HeaskedmewhetherIwouldliketopitchandshowedmehowtothrowa“two-seamer，”afastballthattendstosink,aswellasastraightfour-seamfastball.Iknewthatpitchingwasnotforme.Atage45,myexperienceinorganizingbaseballwaslimitedtoacoupleofyearsinLittleLeagueintheBronx,andsoftballgamesasanadult.MeleventuallylefttheMetsandbecamethepitchingcoachfortheYankees.Ifollowedhiscareerandknewabouthisdiagnosis(診斷)ofmultiplemyeloma,abloodcancer,inApril2000,andastemcelltransplant.Inthesummerof2002,IwasdiagnosedasmultiplemyelomaandwastoldthatIneededastem-celltransplantbythesamegroupofdoctorsatMemorialThisshockedme,andfrankly,Ibecamequitedepressed.IvowedthatsomehowIwouldtrytospeaktoMel.Oneday,myphonerang.MelwascallingfromtheYankees'lockerroom.Iaskedhimtotellmeeverythingabouthistreatment.Hespent30minutesgenerouslyexplainingallthedetails.Ihungoneveryword.Hetoldmehowwellhewasfeelingandendedtheconversationbygivingmehishomephonenumber!“Ifeelgreat,andI'mnotretiring，”hetoldme.Thisincredibleexperienceliftedmyspirits.EverytimeIsawMelduringgamesonTVasIawaitedmytransplant,Irepeatedtomyself,“LookatMel.Ifhecandoit,socanI．”體裁：記敘文題材：個人經歷主題：教練的樂觀精神鼓勵“我”戰勝病魔【語篇解讀】文章敘述了作者在參加度假營時遇到了對他影響深遠的投球教練，后來在教練的樂觀精神的鼓勵下戰勝病魔，克服困難。4．WhydidtheauthorsayhewasluckyinParagraph1?A．Hejoinedafamousteam.B．Hemetanunusualcoach.C．Hewassuccessfullycured.D．Hewaschosenasapitcher.答案與解析：B考查細節理解。根據第一段第二句“IwasfortunatetobeonateamwhosepitchingcoachwasMelStottlemyre,theformerYankeesstarpitcherandMetsandYankeescoach”和第二段中的“Hewaswarm，friendly”以及最后一段內容可知，作者認為自己遇到了一個難得的好教練，為此感到很幸運，故選B項。5．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A．Hewasnotskilledinpitching.B．Hewasagoodbaseballplayer.C．HecalledMelforhistreatment.D．HeforgotwhatMelhadtoldhim.答案與解析：A考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“Iknewthatpitchingwasnotforme.”可知，作者不擅長投球，故選A項。根據倒數第二段中的“Oneday，myphonerang.Melwascalling...”可知，是教練打電話給作者，排除C項；根據倒數第二段中的“Ihungoneveryword.”可知，作者一字不漏地聆聽教練的話，每句話都記在心里，排除D項。6．HowoldwasMelwhenhewasdiagnosedasmultiplemyeloma?A．23.B．45.C．59.D．61.答案與解析：C考查細節理解。根據第一段中的“Iwasupsetwhen...onJan.13,2018,attheageof77.”和第二段最后一句“Ifollowedhiscareerandknewabouthisdiagnosisofmultiplemyeloma,...inApril2000...”可知，教練2018年是77歲，被診斷出多發性骨髓瘤時是2000年，也就是59歲時被診斷出了疾病，故選C項。7．Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheSkillsTaughtbyMyFormerCoachB．TheTransplantGivenbytheSameDoctorsC．MyBaseballTeamHelpingMeOutD．MyCoach'sSpiritsShiningonMe答案與解析：D考查主旨大意。根據最后一段可知，教練的經歷振奮了作者的情緒，每一次他等待移植手術時，在電視比賽中看到教練，他都會跟自己說“如果他能做到，我也能做到”，所以是教練的精神鼓勵著作者戰勝病魔，故選D項。C[2019·湖南六校聯考]Notonlydoestheuseofplasticwaterbottleshurtyourwallet,italsoincreasespollutionandwastesenergyandwater.Only23%ofallplasticinAmericaendsupinarecyclingbin,meaningover$1billionworthofplasticistreatedasrubbishayear.Recently,SkippingRocksLabhasinventedakindofwaterbottlecalledOoho.Itisaconvenient,clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.Todrinkit,youcaneitherpeeloffthemembrane(薄膜)ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewaterintoyourmouth.Toeatit,yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.OneproblemthescientistshaverunintoishowtoshiplotsofOohobubbleswithoutarrivingwithaverywettruck.However,theyhaveattemptedtopackageunitsofindividualbubblestogetherinsidealargerandthickermembrane.Itistargetinglargeoutdooreventssuchasmarathons,musicfestivals,andsportingevents,wheretonsofplasticbottlesareused,andfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter.Andtoomuchplasticissuretodoharmtotheenvironment,whichcouldaccountfortheirpurposeofsuchanewinvention.TheteamhasbeenworkingforthepasttwoyearstodevelopthetechnologyandmaterialsneededtoproduceOoho;theyhaverecentlyappliedforapatentfortheirnewadvancement.Thepriceforanindividualbubbleoraunitofbubbleshasnotbeensetyet,buttheycostabouttwocentstocreateaunit,whichischeaperthanplasticbottles.IthasappearedateventsinLondon,SanFrancisco,Boston,atconferences,festivals,andsoon.Oohoiscatchingmanypeople'sattentionandhasraisedover$1millionandgained1,000investorsinonlythreedays.Itismostlybeingsoldateventsatthemomenttokeeptheconsumer'sinterestwhentheproductionmachineisrunning.Itisquicklymakingarise,sokeepaneyeoutthisyearforthesebottlesofthefuture.體裁：說明文題材：環境保護主題：可以食用的包裝材料Ooho。【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。由于塑料瓶的使用不但浪費金錢，還造成環境污染，SkippingRocksLab發明了一種可以食用的包裝材料Ooho。本文介紹了Ooho的食用方法，運輸方法以及制作成本，并展望了其市場前景。【難句分析】Itistargetinglargeoutdooreventssuchasmarathons,musicfestivals,andsportingevents,wheretonsofplasticbottlesareused,andfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter.分析：該句為主從復合句，句中“wheretonsofplasticbottlesareused,andfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter”為where引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“outdoorevents”，where在從句中作地點狀語。譯文：該產品是針對諸如馬拉松、音樂節和體育賽事等大型戶外活動而發明的，在這些活動中，會用數噸塑料瓶，且這些塑料瓶經常被當作垃圾扔下。【背景知識】Ooho是一種由海藻基膜制成的可生物降解的水包，主要用于馬拉松參賽者補充水分。參賽者既可以咬破Ooho的邊緣喝水，也可以將之整個吃掉。它同時具備可食用性和生物可降解性，不會對環境造成太大的負擔。8．HowismostplasticdealtwithinAmerica?A．It'ssold.B．It'srecycled.C．It'sburied.D．It'swasted.答案與解析：D考查細節理解。根據第一段第二句“Only23%ofallplasticinAmericaendsupinarecyclingbin,meaningover$1billionworthofplasticistreatedasrubbishayear”可知，在美國只有23%的塑料最終回到回收站，這意味著價值超過10億美元的塑料被視為垃圾。據此可知，在美國，大部分塑料被當成垃圾處理了，故D項正確。9．WhydidtheteaminventOoho?A．Tomakeaprofitforacompany.B．Toprotecttheenvironment.C．Tomakepeopleeatastheydrink.D．Toreducethecostoftheplasticbottle.答案與解析：B考查細節理解。根據第二段尾句“Andtoomuchplasticissuretodoharmtotheenvironment,whichcouldaccountfortheirpurposeofsuchanewinvention”可知，由于塑料瓶的使用污染了環境，故SkippingRocksLab發明了一種可以食用的包裝材料Ooho，故B項正確。10．WhatcanweinferaboutOohofromthetext?A．Itiseasyandsafetoshipitinlargeamounts.B．Ithasbecomepopularsinceitbegantobesold.C．Itmightbesoldatalowerpricethanplasticbottles.D．Itcosttheteamalotofmoneytodevelopthetechnology.答案與解析：C考查推理判斷。根據第三段第二句“Thepriceforanindividualbubbleoraunitofbubbleshasnotbeensetyet,buttheycostabouttwocentstocreateaunit,whichischeaperthanplasticbottles”可知，該產品的制造成本比塑料瓶低；據此可推知，該產品的售價也可能比塑料瓶低，故C項正確。11．Whatdoestheauthorreallywanttosayinthelastparagraph?A．Oohoistobeasuccessinthefuture.B．Oohoisbeingsupportedbysmartpeople.C．Oohoistakingtheplaceofplasticbottlesnow.D．Oohoisbeingproducedtoattractmoreinvestors.答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。根據尾段第一句“Oohoiscatchingmanypeople'sattentionandhasraisedover$1millionandgained1,000investorsinonlythreedays.”可知，Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，在三天時間內就得到了1000位投資者的關注，籌集到100多萬美元；再結合最后一句“Itisquicklymakingarise,sokeepaneyeoutthisyearforthesebottlesofthefuture.”可推知，作者最后一段想要表達的是，在未來Ooho一定能獲得成功，故A項正確。D[2019·綿陽市診斷]We'veallhadtheexperienceofwantingtogetaprojectdonebutputtingitofftoalaterdate.Sowhydowedelaythings?Arewebuilttooperatethiswayatsometimes?Thesequestionsarecentraltomyresearchongoalpursuit(追求).Itallstartswithasimplechoicebetweenworkingnowonagivenprojectanddoinganythingelse.Thedecisiontoworkonsomethingisdrivenbyhowmuchwevalueaccomplishingtheprojectinthatmoment—whatpsychologistscallitssubjectivevalue.Anddelay,inpsychologicalterms,iswhathappenswhenthevalueofdoingsomethingelseoutweighsthevalueofworkingnow.Thiswayofthinkingsuggestsasimpletricktodefeatdelay.Forexample,insteadofcleaningmyhouse,Imighttrytofocusonwhygradingpapersispersonallyimportanttome.It'ssimpleadvice,butstickingtothisstrategy(策略)canbequitedifficult.Peoplearenotentirelywiseinthewaytheyvaluethings.Forexample,adollarbillisworthexactlythesametodayasitisaweekfromnow,butitssubjectivevalue—roughlyhowgooditwouldfeeltoownadollar—dependsonotherfactorsbesidesitsfacevalue,suchaswhenwereceiveit.Thetendencyforpeopletodevaluemoneyandothergoodsbasedontimeiscalleddelaydiscounting.Forexample,receiving$100threemonthsfromnowisworththesametopeopleasreceiving$83rightnow.Peoplewouldratherlose$17thanwaitafewmonthstogetalargerreward.Gettingsomethingdoneisadelayedreward,soitsvalueinthepresentisreduced:thefurtherawaythedeadlineis,thelessattractiveitseemstoworkontheprojectrightnow.Thetendencytodelaythingscloselyfollowseconomicmodelsofdelaydiscounting.Onewaytomanageitistomakethefinishlineseemcloser.Forexample,vividlyimaginingafuturerewardreducesdelaydiscounting.體裁：議論文題材：社會生活主題：拖延【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文，作者在文中主要分析了拖延的原因以及應對辦法。12．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“outweighs”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Isequalto.B．Isgreaterthan.C．Isinvolvedin.D．Iscentralto.答案與解析：B考查詞義猜測。根據本段內容可知，要去做某件事的決定是被我們在那一刻完成計劃的評估驅動的——心理學家稱其為某件事的“主觀價值”。而拖延從心理學的角度講，就是當做別的事情的價值大于即刻就工作的價值時發生的情況，故選B。13．Whatshouldwedotoovercomedelayintheauthor'sopinion?A．Avoidsettingadeadlinetoostrictly.B．Considerdoingnothingtemporarily.C．Increasethesubjectivevalueofworkingnow.D．Realizegreatfunofworkingimmediately.答案與解析：C考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“Thedecisiontoworkonsomethingisdrivenbyhowmuchwevalueaccomplishingtheprojectinthatmoment—whatpsychologistscallitssubjectivevalue.Anddelay,inpsychologicalterms,iswhathappenswhenthevalueofdoingsomethingelseoutweighsthevalueofworkingnow”可知，作者認為人們之所以會拖延是因為他們對完成當前工作任務的主觀價值評估較低；再結合第三段的內容可推知，人們可以通過提高對自己完成當前工作任務的主觀價值評估來克服拖延，故選C。14．Whichproverbcanbestsummarizethetheoryofdelaydiscounting?A．Timeandtidewaitfornoman.B．Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.C．Oneofthesedaysisnoneofthesedays.D．Don'tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據第四段的內容，尤其是“Thetendency...receiving$100threemonthsfromnowisworththesametopeopleasreceiving$83rightnow.Peoplewouldratherlose$17thanwaitafewmonthstogetalargerreward”可知，人們給事物評估的方式并非完全是理性的，人們基于時間(流逝)評估錢和其他貨品貶值的趨勢稱為“延遲折扣”，比如人們寧愿要馬上就能拿到手的83美元，也不要3個月后才給的100美元。這都強調了在延遲折扣的理論中，人們更看重眼前利益，故B項Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush“一鳥在手勝過雙鳥在林”符合題干要求。15．Whatissuggestedtodealwithdelaydiscounting?A．Askingfornothinginreturn.B．Loweringourhighexpectations.C．Searchingforinstantsatisfaction.D．Makingfuturerewardsmoreinviting.答案與解析：D考查細節理解。根據最后一段的內容，尤其是最后兩句“Onewaytomanageitistomakethefinishlineseemcloser.Forexample,vividlyimaginingafuturerewardreducesdelaydiscounting”可知，作者認為應對拖延的一種方式就是讓終點線看上去更近。比如說，生動地想象未來的獎賞會減少延遲折扣，故選D。第二節(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。[2019·成都診斷]Fromsportsteamstomoviecharacters,welovesupportingtheweak.Whilethat'sinspiringforafilmorastory,itcanbehardtoremainpositivewhenyou'reexperiencingastruggle.It'ssaidthatwhatismostpersonalismostuniversal.__1__Herearesomeimportantreasonswhyyoushouldshareyourstoryofstruggles.Youcanshinealightforothers.__2__Sometimes,that'sallsomeoneneedstogetthroughadifficulttime.Youcanhelpevenmorebyapplyingideasandsolutionscreativelytotheirownproblems.__3__It'suncomfortabletoadmittoothersyourfailures,strugglesorothermomentsofweakness.That'strueforeveryone,yetopeningyourselfuptomomentsofweaknessissurprisinglysatisfying.Itrequirescourageandbeingcourageousrequirespractice.Peop