第第頁譯林版（2024）八年級上冊英語：Unit1Friendship語法知識點講義一、重點詞匯?friendshipn.友誼?可作不可數名詞，也可作可數名詞。?常見搭配：closefriendship親密友誼；lifelongfriendship終生友誼；truefriendship真正的友誼；mutualfriendship相互友誼；childhoodfriendship童年友誼。?俗語：Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見真情。Misfortuneteststhesincerityoffriends.患難見真情。?honestadj.誠實的，正直的?作形容詞，表示“誠實的、正直的”，既可作表語也可作定語。如：Heisanhonestbusinessman.（他是一位誠實的商人。）Shehasanhonestface.（她有一張真誠的面孔。）?引申為“坦率的、真誠的”。如：Givemeyourhonestopinion.（請坦率地說出你的意見。）?副詞形式為honestly，表示“誠實地、坦率地”。如：Tellmehonestly,whatdoyouthink??派生詞：名詞honesty（誠實）；反義詞dishonest（不誠實的）。注意：honest中的h不發音，前面用冠詞an；固定表達Let’sbehonest...（坦率地說……）?joken.笑話，玩笑?作名詞：Hetoldafunnyjoke.（他講了個好笑的笑話。）?作動詞：Don’tjokeaboutseriousthings.（不要拿嚴肅的事情開玩笑。）?常見搭配：tell/makeajoke講笑話；playajokeonsomeone捉弄某人；apracticaljoke惡作劇；takeajoke開得起玩笑；jokeaboutsomething拿某事開玩笑；jokewithsomeone和某人開玩笑；bejoking在開玩笑；nojoke不是開玩笑，很嚴重；thejokeisonsomeone某人反被嘲笑；beyondajoke過分到無法接受。?laughvi.&v.笑，發笑?作動詞：Shelaughedatthefunnystory.（她被那個滑稽的故事逗笑了。）?作名詞：笑聲，笑的行為。?常見搭配：laughat嘲笑某人/某事；因…發笑；laughabout對過去的事一笑置之；laughwith和某人一起笑；laughoff用笑化解/輕視；haveagoodlaugh開懷大笑；burstintolaughter突然大笑；laughone’sheadoff笑得前仰后合；nolaughingmatter不是開玩笑的事；laughinsomeone’sface當面嘲笑。?teenagern.青少年（通常指13-19歲的年輕人），常見搭配：teenageyears青少年時期。?unhappyadj.不開心的?作表語，后接介詞短語或從句說明原因。如：Hewasunhappybecausehefailedtheexam.（他因為考試不及格而不開心。）?反義詞：happy開心的。?secretn.秘密?可作可數名詞。如：Shehasalotofsecrets.（她有很多秘密。）?常見搭配：keepasecret保守秘密；tellasecret泄露秘密。?carev.關心，在意；n.照料，照顧?作動詞：careabout關心，在意。如：Hedoesn’tcareaboutwhatothersthink.（他不在乎別人怎么想。）carefor照顧；喜歡。如：Shecaredforhersickmotherathome.（她在家照顧生病的母親。）?作名詞：takecareof照顧。如：Youshouldtakecareofyourself.（你應該照顧好自己。）?magazinen.雜志，復數形式為magazines。如：Ilikereadingmagazines.（我喜歡讀雜志。）?trustv.信任，信賴?常見搭配：trustsb.todosth.信任某人做某事。如：Itrusthimtofinishtheworkontime.（我相信他能按時完成工作。）?派生詞：trustworthyadj.值得信賴的。?generousadj.慷慨的，大方的?常見搭配：begeneroustosb.對某人慷慨。如：Heisgeneroustohisfriends.（他對朋友很大方。）?派生詞：generosityn.慷慨，大方。?wiseadj.明智的，充滿智慧的?常見搭配：It’swiseofsb.todosth.某人做某事是明智的。如：It’swiseofyoutostudyhard.（你努力學習是明智的。）?派生詞：wisdomn.智慧。?smilev.微笑；n.微笑?作動詞：Shesmiledatme.（她對我微笑。）?作名詞：Shehasabeautifulsmile.（她有一個美麗的微笑。）?常見搭配：smileatsb.對某人微笑；withasmile面帶微笑。?joyn.歡樂，高興?不可數名詞。如：Thenewsbroughtthemgreatjoy.（這個消息給他們帶來了極大的歡樂。）?派生詞：joyfuladj.高興的，快樂的。?boredadj.無聊的，厭煩的（常用來形容人）?常見搭配：beboredwith對…感到厭煩。如：I’mboredwiththismovie.（我對這部電影感到厭煩。）?反義詞：interesting有趣的；boring令人厭煩的（常用來形容事物）。?sensen.感覺，意識?常見搭配：asenseofhumor幽默感；asenseofduty責任感；asenseofdirection方向感。?humorousadj.幽默的?常見搭配：ahumorousperson一個幽默的人。?派生詞：humorn.幽默。?politeadj.有禮貌的?常見搭配：bepolitetosb.對某人有禮貌。如：Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.（你應該對老師有禮貌。）?反義詞：impolite不禮貌的；派生詞：politenessn.禮貌。?tidyadj.整潔的，整齊的；v.使整潔，使整齊?作形容詞：Herroomisalwaystidy.（她的房間總是很整潔。）?作動詞：Tidyyourroombeforeyougoout.（出去之前把你的房間整理一下。）?派生詞：tidinessn.整潔。?smartadj.聰明的，機敏的；時髦的，衣著講究的?表示“聰明的，機敏的”：Heisasmartboy.（他是個聰明的男孩。）?表示“時髦的，衣著講究的”：Shealwayslookssmart.（她看起來總是很時髦。）?二、重點短語?sharesth.withsb.和某人分享某物。如：Iwanttosharemyhappinesswithyou.（我想和你分享我的快樂。）?bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事。如：Sheiswillingtohelpothers.（她愿意幫助別人。）?giveone’sseattosb.把座位讓給某人。如：Hegavehisseattoanoldwomanonthebus.（他在公共汽車上把座位讓給了一位老太太。）?growup長大。如：IwanttobeadoctorwhenIgrowup.（我長大后想成為一名醫生。）?careabout關心，在意。如：Weshouldcareabouttheenvironment.（我們應該關心環境。）?keepasecret保守秘密。如：Canyoukeepasecretforme?（你能為我保守秘密嗎？）?makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友。如：Iwanttomakefriendswithyou.（我想和你交朋友。）?begoodat擅長。如：Heisgoodatplayingbasketball.（他擅長打籃球。）?helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事。如：ShehelpsmewithmyEnglish.（她幫助我學習英語。）?haveagoodsenseof有很好的……感。如：Hehasagoodsenseofdirection.（他有很好的方向感。）?tellfunnyjokes講有趣的笑話。如：Heoftentellsfunnyjokestomakeuslaugh.（他經常講有趣的笑話逗我們笑。）?makesb.dosth.使某人做某事。如：Thefunnystorymadeuslaugh.（這個有趣的故事使我們笑了。）?bedifferentfrom與……不同。如：Mylifestyleisdifferentfromyours.（我的生活方式和你的不同。）?as...as和……一樣。如：Heisastallashisfather.（他和他父親一樣高。）?bekind/nice/friendlytosb.對某人友好。如：Weshouldbekindtoanimals.（我們應該對動物友好。）?inthefuture在將來。如：Ihopetotravelaroundtheworldinthefuture.（我希望將來能環游世界。）?attheageof在……歲時。如：HestartedtolearnEnglishattheageoffive.（他五歲開始學英語。）?bereadytodosth.準備好做某事。如：Wearereadytostartthework.（我們準備好開始工作了。）?travelaroundtheworld環游世界。如：Hedreamsoftravelingaroundtheworld.（他夢想著環游世界。）?cometrue實現。如：Hisdreamfinallycametrue.（他的夢想終于實現了。）?三、重點句型?Whatmakesyourfriendsospecial?什么使你的朋友如此特別？?make+sb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物處于某種狀態。如：Thenewsmadeushappy.（這個消息使我們很高興。）?make+sb.+dosth.使某人做某事。如：Hismothermakeshimcleanhisroomeveryday.（他媽媽讓他每天打掃房間。）?Sheiswillingtosharethingswithherfriends.她愿意和她的朋友們分享東西。?bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事。如：Theyarewillingtogototheparkwithus.（他們愿意和我們一起去公園。）?Shealwaysgivesherseatonthebustosomeoneinneed.她在公共汽車上總是把座位讓給有需要的人。?givesth.tosb.=givesb.sth.把某物給某人。如：Hegivesabooktome.=Hegivesmeabook.（他給我一本書。）?inneed有需要的，作后置定語修飾前面的名詞。如：Weshouldhelpthepeopleinneed.（我們應該幫助有需要的人。）?Maxhasagoodsenseofhumour.馬克斯很有幽默感。?haveagoodsenseof...有很好的……感。如：Shehasagoodsenseofsmell.（她有很好的嗅覺。）?Hetellsfunnyjokesandalwaysmakesmelaugh.他講有趣的笑話，總是使我發笑。?makesb.dosth.使某人做某事。如：TheteachermakesthestudentsreadEnglisheverymorning.（老師讓學生們每天早上讀英語。）?Ineverfeelboredorunhappywhenheiswithme.當他和我在一起時，我從不感到無聊或不開心。?feel+adj.感覺……。如：Ifeelhappytoday.（我今天感覺很開心。）?when引導時間狀語從句。如：WhenIgethome,Iwilldomyhomework.（當我到家時，我將做作業。）?SheisshorterthanIam.她比我矮。?比較級+than...比……更……。如：Heistallerthanhisbrother.（他比他哥哥高。）?在比較級中，than后面的人稱代詞用主格或賓格都可以，但在口語中常用賓格。如：Herunsfasterthanme.（他比我跑得快。）也可以說HerunsfasterthanI(do).?MybestfriendisasslimasIam.我最好的朋友和我一樣苗條。?as+adj./adv.原級+as...和……一樣……。如：Thisbookisasinterestingasthatone.（這本書和那本書一樣有趣。）?否定形式為notas/so+adj./adv.原級+as...不如……。如：Heisnotastallashisfather.（他不如他父親高。）?What’syourfriendlike?你的朋友是什么樣的人？?用來詢問某人的性格、品質或外貌等。回答可以用描述性的詞語。如：Heiskindandfriendly.（他善良又友好。）/Heistallandthin.（他又高又瘦。）?Whowouldyouchooseasyourbestfriend?你會選擇誰作為你最好的朋友？?choosesb.as...選擇某人作為……。如：Wechoosehimasourmonitor.（我們選他當我們的班長。）?四、語法知識?形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級?構成規則?一般情況：直接在詞尾加-er構成比較級，加-est構成最高級。如：tall-taller-tallest；short-shorter-shortest。?以字母e結尾的詞：在詞尾加-r構成比較級，加-st構成最高級。如：nice-nicer-nicest；large-larger-largest。?以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞：變y為i，再加-er構成比較級，加-est構成最高級。如：happy-happier-happiest；easy-easier-easiest。?重讀閉音節詞：雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-er構成比較級，加-est構成最高級。如：big-bigger-biggest；hot-hotter-hottest。?多音節詞和部分雙音節詞：在詞前加more構成比較級，加most構成最高級。如：beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful；interesting-moreinteresting-mostinteresting。?不規則變化?good/well-better-best；bad/badly/ill-worse-worst；many/much-more-most；little-less-least；far-farther/further-farthest/furthest。?比較級的用法?兩者比較：表示一方比另一方“更……”，用比較級+than...結構。如：Thisappleisbiggerthanthatone.（這個蘋果比那個蘋果大。）?表示兩者之間進行選擇：用“Which/Whois+比較級，AorB?”結構。如：Whichischeaper,theredoneortheblueone?（紅色的和藍色的哪個更便宜？）?比較級前可以用much,alittle,even,still等詞修飾，表示程度。如：Thisbookismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.（這本書比那本書有趣得多。）?最高級的用法?三者或三者以上比較：表示“最……”，用the+最高級+in/of短語。in表示范圍，of表示所屬關系。如：Heisthetallestinhisclass.（他在他的班級里是最高的。）/Thisisthemostexpensiveofthethreecars.（這是三輛車中最貴的。）?表示“最……之一”：用oneofthe+最高級+名詞復數。如：Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld.（中國是世界上最大的國家之一。）?最高級前一般要加定冠詞the，但當最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時，不用the。如：Thisismybestfriend.（這是我最好的朋友。）譯林版（2024）八上Unit1Friendship單元測試卷?一、單項選擇（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）?從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。?—Whatdoyouthinkofyournewfriend,Jack??—Heisvery______andoftenshareshistoyswithus.?A.shyB.honestC.generousD.careful?2.Mysisteris______thanme.Shelikestalkingwithothers.?A.quietB.morequietC.quieterD.morequieter?3.—Whatmakesyourfriendsospecial??—Shehasagood______ofhumor.Shealwaysmakesuslaugh.?A.senseB.ideaC.feelingD.thought?4.Mybestfriendisgoodat______funnyjokes.?A.sayingB.speakingC.tellingD.talking?5.—______isyournewschoolbag??—It’s50yuan.?A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowlongD.Howfar?6.—Canyoutellmethewaytothenearesthospital??—Sorry,Iamnewhere.Youcanaskthepolicemanoverthere.He______know.?A.mayB.mustC.needD.should?7.Tomis______toreachtheapplesonthetree.?A.tallenoughB.enoughtallC.shortenoughD.enoughshort?8.—Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie??—It’s______interesting______Iwanttoseeitagain.?A.such;thatB.too;toC.so;thatD.enough;to?9.Mymotheris______withme.Shealwayshelpsmewithmyhomework.?A.patientB.angryC.strictD.careful?10.Thestoryis______andallofusare______init.?A.interesting;interestingB.interested;interested?C.interesting;interestedD.interested;interesting?11.—______doyouusuallygotoschool??—Bybike.?A.WhatB.HowC.WhenD.Where?12.—______isyourfather??—Heisadoctor.?A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Whose?13.—______doyouplaybasketball??—Twiceaweek.?A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowsoonD.Howmuch?14.—______doyouwanttobewhenyougrowup??—Iwanttobeasinger.?A.WhyB.WhatC.HowD.When?15.—______isyourfavoritesubject??—English.?A.WhichB.WhatC.WhoD.Whose?二、完形填空（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）?閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。?Ihaveagoodfriend.HernameisMary.Sheis13yearsold.Sheis16thanme.She17inabigcity.Shehaslongblackhairand18eyes.Sheisverylovely.Sheis19andlikestohelpothers.Sheoftenhelpsme20myEnglish.?Marylikes21.Shecansinganddanceverywell.Shealsolikes22.Sheoftengoestothelibraryonweekends.She23readingbooksverymuch.Shethinksreadingisvery24.Shehasmanybooksathome.?Weoftenplaytogether.Wearegood25.Ilikeherverymuch.?16.A.oldB.olderC.youngD.younger?17.A.livesB.liveC.livingD.tolive?18.A.bigB.smallC.longD.short?19.A.kindB.strictC.shyD.quiet?20.A.withB.inC.onD.for?21.A.musicB.artC.sportsD.science?22.A.readingB.writingC.drawingD.playing?23.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.tolike?24.A.boringB.interestingC.difficultD.easy?25.A.classmatesB.friendsC.sistersD.brothers?三、閱讀理解（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）?閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。?A?Ihavetwogoodfriends.TheyarePeterandGina.Herearetwophotos.ThefirstoneisaphotoofPeter’sfamily,andthesecondoneisaphotoofGina’sroom.?Inthefirstphoto,youcanseefourpeople.TheyarePeter’sparents,Peterandhissister.Peter’sfatherisateacher.Andhismotherisateacher,too.Canyouseetheboyonthebed?That’sPeter.Aredhatisonhishead.Whoisthegirl?Oh,sheisPeter’ssister.HernameisNancy.?Inthesecondphoto,youcanseeatidyroom.It’sGina’sroom.Abluedesk,ayellowchair,agreenbookcaseandawhitebedareinit.AcomputerandsomeCDsareonthedesk.Herredschoolbagisonthechair.Adictionaryisinthebookcase.Gina’sroomisverycleanandtidy.?26.Thereare______peopleinPeter’sfamily.?A.fiveB.twoC.threeD.four?27.WhereisPeterinthefirstphoto??A.Heisonthesofa.B.Heisonthechair.?C.Heisonthebed.D.Heisunderthedesk.?28.WhatcolorisPeter’shat??A.It’sred.B.It’syellow.C.It’sblue.D.It’swhite.?29.______areonthedeskinGina’sroom.?A.SomeCDsandadictionaryB.AcomputerandsomeCDs?C.AschoolbagandacomputerD.Adictionaryandaschoolbag?30.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE??A.Peterhasabrother.?B.Gina’sschoolbagisonthebed.?C.Gina’sroomisnottidy.?D.Peter’sparentsarebothteachers.?B?Doyouwanttomakefriendswithothers?Herearesometipstohelpyou.?First,spendmoretimewithpeople.Ifyouwanttomakefriends,youneedtomeetpeoplefirst.Youcangotoplaceslikecoffeeshops,librariesorclubstomeetnewpeople.?Second,befriendlytoothers.Smileatpeopleandsayhellotothem.Showyourkindnesstothem.Whenyouarefriendlytoothers,theywillbefriendlytoyou,too.?Third,beagoodlistener.Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,lookathimorherandlistencarefully.Askquestionstoshowthatyouareinterestedinwhatheorsheissaying.?Mylastsuggestionistobeyourself.Don’ttrytobesomeoneelse.Peoplewilllikeyoubetterifyouareyourtrueself.?31.Thewritergivesus______tipstomakefriends.?A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five?32.Accordingtothepassage,ifyouwanttomakefriends,youshouldfirst______.?A.spendmoretimewithpeopleB.befriendlytoothers?C.beagoodlistenerD.beyourself?33.Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,youshouldNOT______.?A.lookathimorherB.listencarefully?C.askquestionsD.lookaway?34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage??A.Youcanonlygotocoffeeshopstomeetnewpeople.?B.Whenyouarefriendlytoothers,theymaynotbefriendlytoyou.?C.Beingagoodlistenermeansyoudon’tneedtosayanything.?D.Youshouldbeyourselfwhenyoumakefriendswithothers.?35.Thepassageismainlyabout______.?A.howtomakefriendsB.howtospendtimewithfriends?C.howtobefriendlytoothersD.howtobeagoodlistener?C?DearJack,?Iknowyouarehavingtroublemakingfriends.Ifyoudon’tknowhowtomakefriends,I’llgiveyousomeadvice.?Oneofthebestwaystomakefriendsistofindpeoplewiththesamehobbies.Forexample,whenIwasachild,Imadefriendsbyfindingotherpeoplewhoenjoyedthesamekindofmusicasme.Wecouldtalkaboutthemusicandshareourfavoritesongs.Itwasagreatwaytogettoknoweachother.?Anotherwaytomakefriendsistobefriendlyandhelpful.Whenyouseesomeonewhoneedshelp,offertohelphimorher.Forexample,ifyouseeaclassmatehavingtroublewithhisorherhomework,youcanoffertohelp.Thiswillshowthatyouarekindandcaring,anditwillmakepeoplemorelikelytowanttobeyourfriend.?Finally,don’tbeafraidtotalktonewpeople.Itcanbescaryatfirst,butthemoreyoudoit,theeasieritwillbecome.Youcanstartbysayinghelloandaskinghowtheyare.Then,trytofindsomethingincommontotalkabout.?Ihopethesetipswillhelpyoumakesomenewfriends.Goodluck!?Yourfriend,?Mike?36.Jackishavingtrouble______.?A.makingfriendsB.doinghishomework?C.findinghishobbiesD.talkingtonewpeople?37.Mikemadefriendsby______whenhewasachild.?A.helpingothersB.talkingtonewpeople?C.findingpeoplewiththesamehobbiesD.joiningclubs?38.Ifyouseeaclassmatehavingtroublewithhisorherhomework,youcan______.?A.laughathimorherB.offertohelp?C