中考英語沖刺卷（廣東省卷）沖刺卷02本試卷滿分90分，考試用時75分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆將自己的準考證號、姓名填寫在答題卡上。將條形碼粘貼在答題卡“條形碼粘貼處”。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目選項的答案信息點涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案不能寫在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區域內相應位置上；如需改動，先畫掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結束時，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。一、聽說應用（略）二、語法選擇（每小題1分，共10分）WeallwishtherewasamagictricktomemorizeEnglishwordseffortlessly.Afterall,wecancomeacross31newwordswhilereadingEnglishbooks,newspapersormagazines.I’vegotalittlesecretthathashelpedmebuildalargeEnglishvocabulary.Wouldyouliketotryit?Beforeyoustart,32tohavetwothingsready:anotebookandapieceofqualityreadingmaterial.Thematerialshouldmatchyourlevel.Ifyoudon’tknow33tofindtherightmaterialyoucanstartwithpublications(出版物).Personally,Iliketousenewspaperarticles34Englishafterschool.AsIread,Iunderlinewordsandphrasesthatseemuseful.Afterthat,Icopytheminto35notebookintime.Nowcomes36stepofall:reviewingeverythingyou’vewrittendown.Asyougothroughyourlistthinkabouthowthemainideasinthematerial37.Thismaysoundboringforyoubutifyoudon’treviewyournotes,thoseusefulwordsandphraseswillsoonslip(溜走)outofyourmind.Atlast,trytousethemas38aspossibleineverydayconversationorwriting.Ifyouaren’tabletousewhatyouhavelearned39thereadingmaterial,what’sthepoint?Thistrick40wondersformeforyears.Ihopeit’lldothesameforyetonyourjourneytomemorizeasmanywordsasyouneed!31．A．hundred B．hundredof C．hundredsof32．A．remember B．remembers C．remembering33．A．why B．when C．where34．A．learn B．tolearn C．tolearning35．A．me B．my C．mine36．A．important B．moreimportant C．themostimportant37．A．connects B．areconnected C．areconnecting38．A．much B．more C．most39．A．to B．from C．against40．A．willwork B．isworking C．hasworked三、完形填空（每小題1分，共10分）SomepeoplebelievethathumanscouldliveontheplanetMarsbytheyear2100.Itishopedthatpeoplecouldstartalloveragainand41abetterworldonMars.Hereiswhatlifetherecouldbelike.Atpresent,ourspaceshipsaretooslowtocarrylargenumbersof42toMars—itwouldtakemonths.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,bytheyear2100,thejourneymight43takeabout20minutesinspaceshipsthattravelatthespeedoflight!Sofar,nobodyknowswhethertherewouldbeenough44oraironMarsforpeople.Afterall,theyarethemostimportanttohumanlife.Moreover,scientistsarenotsurewhetherplantscouldgrowonMars.Foodwouldmostprobablybeintheformofpills(藥片)andwouldnotbesotasty.Comparedwithlifeontheearth,lifeonMaurswouldbe45insomeways.Peoplewouldhavemore46.Theymightliveinhouseswithhugecomfortablerooms.Also,robotswoulddoalotoftheirworksothattheycouldhavemoretimeto47.TherewouldprobablybenoschoolsonMars.Everystudentwould48atonlineschoolswith“e-teachers”.However,lifeonMarswouldbe49.Therearestillmanydifficultiesforustoovercome.Itmaytakehundredsofyearstomakeit50.Sothemostimportantthingweneedtodonowistoprotectourbeautifulblueplanet—theearth!41．A．imagine B．protect C．build D．draw42．A．passengers B．teachers C．doctors D．reporters43．A．only B．even C．still D．hardly44．A．money B．ice C．time D．water45．A．cheaper B．better C．luckier D．slower46．A．work B．space C．food D．light47．A．express B．plan C．write D．relax48．A．practice B．rest C．study D．sleep49．A．exciting B．challenging C．surprising D．interesting50．A．breakout B．breakdown C．comeout D．cometrue四、閱讀理解（每小題2分，共30分）ASomeyoungpeoplearetalkingaboutcursewords(臟話)andwhattodoaboutthem.Q:Ioftenhearmyclassmatesusingcursewordsatschool,anditannoys(使煩惱)me.Doyourclassmatesusecursewordsintheirdailylives?Whatdoyouthinkaboutit,andwhatshouldbedonetostopthem?LiuChengbo,18,GansuA:InSingapore,Idon’thearalotofswearing(說臟話)atschoolbecauseteacherswatchoveras.Butoutsideofschool,onsocialmediaorwithfriends,ithappensmoreoften.Somepeoplesweartoseem“cool”ortoshowstrongfeelings,butIthinkit’srudeandshouldbeavoided.Ithinkadults,liketeachersandparents,shouldbegoodrolemodelsandavoidswearinginfrontofteens.HuangLuofei,13,SingaporeA:IntheUK,swearingiscommonamongmyfriends,especiallyinrelaxedconversationsandonsocialmedia.Peoplecursetoshowstrongfeelingsorfitin.Butparentsandteachersdon’tlikeitbecausetheythinkit’srude.Tostopswearing,Ithinkwecanuseotherwords.Forexample,saying“Ohsugar”insteadofabadwordwhenI’mangryorsurprised.Teachingpeopleaboutthepowerofkindwordscanalsoleadtobetterconversations.XuHaoxuan,18,UKA:InSouthKorea,teenagerssometimesswearbothonlineandoffline,butit’smorecommononline.Recently,swearinginonlinecommunitieshasbecomeabigsocialproblem.Somepeoplehidetheirnamesonlineandusebadwordstoattackothers.Thishurtsrespectbetweenpeople,soteachingproperlanguageuseatschoolisreallyimportant.ChulkyuLee,16,SouthKorea51．Inwhichcountrystudentsdon’toftenswearatschoolaccordingtothepassage?A．China. B．TheUK. C．Singapore. D．SouthKorea.52．Wecanknowthatpeopleoftenusecursewordsespecially______fromthepassage.A．atschool B．onsocialmedia C．athome D．inpublic53．Accordingtothesestudents,peopleusecursewordsNOTbecause______.A．theywanttobecoolinfrontofothers. B．it’sagoodwaytofitin.C．swearingcanleadtobetterconversations. D．theycanattackothersonlinebyswearing.54．Ifyou’resurprisedorangry,youcansay______toreplacebadwordsaccordingtoXuHaoxuan.A．Badluck! B．Ohsweetheart! C．Shutup! D．Terrible!55．Whatkindoftextisthis?A．Aninterview.B．Aplay. C．Anad. D．Areport.BIstheskybluerinautumnthaninsummer?Theanswerisyes!Therearesomereasonsbehindthis.Thesunislowerintheskyinautumn.Asthedaysgetshorter,thesunappearslowerandlowerinthesky.It’snotdirectlyaboveusanymore,andmoreoftheskyisatanangle(角度)awayfromthesun.Thisletsmorebluelightreachoureyes,makingtheskyseembluer.Inautumn,thereislesswaterintheair,sotherearefewerclouds.Autumnisknownforgoodweather—lowertemperaturesandlesswetair.Theairdoesnotholdmuchwater,socloudsdonotformeasily.Whentherearefewornocloudscoveringthesky,thebluecoloroftheskyshowsmoreclearly,andtheskylooksmoreopenandbright.Youmightbesurprised,butthecolorfulleavesofautumnactuallyhelpgivethesky’sblueacolorboost,whichcanmaketheskyseemevenbluer.Ifyou’vemadeacolorwheelforanartclass,youwillknowthatblueandorangeareoppositecolorsthatlookgoodtogether.Thered,orange,andgoldleavesofautumnmaketheblueskystandoutbeautifullyagainstthem.Thiscontrastlooksniceandcreatesaspecialautumnview.So,thenexttimeyougooutenjoyingthebeautifulweatherinautumn,takeamomenttolookupatthesky,rememberthesereasonswhyitlookssoblueandenjoytheview!56．WhydoestheskylookbluerinautumnaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Becausethesunissmallerinthesky.B．Becausethesunisn’tashighasitisinotherseasons.C．Becausewecan’tseemorebluelight.D．Becausethesunisdirectlyaboveus.57．Whichoneshowstherelationshipbetweenthewaterintheair(x)andthebluecolorofthesky(y)?A． B． C． D．58．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”meaninParagraph4?A．Introduction. B．Record. C．Change. D．Improvement.59．Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．60．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ColorsofAutumn:FromLeavestotheSky. B．AutumnWeather:CoolerandlessWet.C．TheMostBeautifulSeason:Autumn. D．ABluerSkyinAutumn:TheReasonsBehindIt.C下面材料中A-F是六個寓意不同的英語諺語，請根據五個不同的情境，為他們匹配合適的諺語。61.Tocatchupwithothers,Simoncarryallhisthingsonhisbackandranfast.However,hefelloverandhurthimself.62.LittleMaryputonhermother’ssuitandlookedserious,yetnoneofherfriendswasafraidofher.63.It’snouseexplainingEnglishgrammartoKitty,becauseshedoesn’tknowasingleEnglishletter.64.ThoughTomdidn’tknowthesubjectatall,henoddednowandthentopretendheknewitwellduringthewholemeeting.65.Jacklikesshoutingwheneveryoneelsestudies,andthrowingrubbishaftertheclassroomisjustcleanedup.A．Talkingtoawall.B．Morehaste(匆忙),lessspeed.C．Adonkeyinthelion’sskin.D．Awolfinasheep’sskin.E.Sellofffisheyesaspearls(珍珠).F.There’sablacksheepineveryflock(大群).五、選詞填空（每小題1.5分，共15分）請從方框內選擇適當的詞，并根據需要用其正確形式填空，使文章語法正確、完整連貫。注意：每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項。afraid

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whoNobodywantstolose,butwemustacceptthatlosingispartoflife.Afterall,wecan’t66allthetime.However,wecanlearnsomething67fromeveryfailure.Thismayhelpussucceedinthefuture.Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.Failureisthemotherof68.Whenwelose,justtakeitwithasmileandlookonthegoodsideofit.Edisonfailed10,00069buthadlearned10,000thingsthatdidn’twork.Losingisnotveryscary.Sodon’tbe70.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearnsomethingfromit.Rememberthatitcanbehelpful.Takeactiontowalkoutofit.Whenwelose,thinkaboutwhatwedidand71wecanimprove.Weshouldfaceourfailurewhenwelose.There72onlyonewinnerineverycompetition.Somewin,whilesomelose.Thatisausualwayoflife.Ifweofferourcongratulationstopeople73winandsharetheirhappiness,wewon’tfeelsorryforourfailure.74aword,beingagoodloserwillhelpustosucceedinlife.Therearemanyadvantages75itmightbepainfulatthebeginning.Goodloserssetexamplestous,andmostimportantly,theyfinallywin.六、讀寫綜合(本題分A、B兩部分，共25分）A．回答問題（共10分）請閱讀短文，根據所提供的信息，回答五個問題。要求所寫答案語法正確。信息完整切題。Whatdostudentsatyourschoolusuallydoduringclassbreaks?YangYingjunisaChineseteacheratNansanBorderPrimarySchoolinLincangcity,YunnanProvince.Hestartedthedanceactivityin2019.Studentsenjoyedthemselvesalotduringthetwo-yearactivity.Studentsinhisclasswereinvitedtodancewithhimafterclass.Thelivelydanceintheclassroomwontheheartsofmanychildren.Throughtheseyearsofexperience,Yangrealizedthatthestudentsshowedmoreinterestindancingthanotherkindsofsports.Tomeetstudents’need,hestartedmakinghisowndanceforstudentstolearn.Hisideaquicklybecamepopularwithstudents.Allofhisstudentsactivelyfollowedhimbetweenlessons.Theyjoinedhimindancingtothemusic,turningtheclassroomintosomethinglikeaspecialdanceclub.MoreandmorestudentshavelearnedthenewwaytorelaxthemselvesbydancingbecauseofYang’sclassroomdancingactivity.Yangsaidhecouldn’tbelievethathisclassroomdancinghadnowbecomeahotactivityatschool.Oneofhisstudentssaid,“Weenjoythedancingactivitybecauseourteacheralwayschoosesourfavoritesongs.”Also,theheadteacherhasdecidedtomakeitadailyexerciseatschool.76．WhichsubjectdoesYangYingjunteach?_________________________________________________________77．Howlongdidthedanceactivitylast?_________________________________________________________78．Whatdidthestudentslikebetter,dancingorotherkindsofsports?_________________________________________________________79．HowdidYangmeetstudents’need?_________________________________________________________80．Whydothestudentsenjoythedancingactivity?_________________________________________________________B．書面表達(本題15分)假設你是第一中學的學生李華，你打算向某學生英文網站投稿，分享你所在學校的課外活動。請根據以下思維導圖內容提示用英文寫一篇短文。要求:1不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出現真實校名、地名和考生的真實姓名2語句連貫，詞數80左右。作文的開頭已經給出，不計入總詞數。DearEditor,I’mastudentfromNo.1MiddleSchool.MynameisLiHua._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ihopemyadvicecanbeacceptedandhelpfultoallthestudentsinourschool!Yours,LiHua參考答案二、31．C32．A33．C34．B35．B36．C37．B38．A39．B40．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了作者分享了一個自己記憶英語單詞的秘訣，包括準備筆記本和閱讀材料、劃出有用的單詞和短語、及時抄寫到筆記本上、復習并嘗試在日常對話或寫作中使用它們。31．句意：畢竟，我們在閱讀英語書籍、報紙或雜志時會遇到成百上千的新單詞。hundred百；hundredof錯誤表達；hundredsof成百上千的。根據語境可知，此處表達在閱讀英語書籍、報紙或雜志時會遇到成百上千的新單詞，表示不確切的數量時，用hundredsof。故選C。32．句意：在你開始之前，記住要準備好兩樣東西：一個筆記本和一份高質量的閱讀材料。remember記住，動詞原形；remembers記住，動詞第三人稱單數；remembering記住，動名詞或現在分詞。根據“Beforeyoustart”可知，此處是祈使句，動詞原形開頭。故選A。33．句意：如果你不知道在哪里找到合適的材料，你可以從出版物開始。why為什么；when什么時候；where哪里。根據“Ifyoudon’tknow...tofindtherightmaterial”可知，此處是賓語從句，表達“不知道在哪里找到合適的材料”，用where引導賓語從句。故選C。34．句意：就我個人而言，我喜歡在放學后用報紙文章來學習英語。learn學習，動詞原形；tolearn學習，動詞不定式；tolearning學習，介詞+動名詞。根據“Iliketousenewspaperarticles...Englishafterschool.”可知，此處是固定用法“usesthtodosth”，意為“用某物做某事”，所以此處用動詞不定式。故選B。35．句意：之后，我及時把它們抄寫到我的筆記本上。me我，人稱代詞賓格；my我的，形容詞性物主代詞；mine我的，名詞性物主代詞。根據“Icopytheminto...notebook”可知，此處表達“我的筆記本”，用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞notebook。故選B。36．句意：現在是最重要的一步：復習你寫下的所有東西。important重要的；moreimportant更重要的；themostimportant最重要的。根據“ofall”可知，此處是三者或三者以上的比較，用形容詞最高級，前面加定冠詞the。故選C。37．句意：當你瀏覽你的列表時，想想材料中的主要思想是如何聯系的。connects連接，動詞第三人稱單數；areconnected被連接，一般現在時的被動語態；areconnecting正在連接，現在進行時。根據“howthemainideasinthematerial...”可知，此處表達“材料中的主要思想是如何被聯系的”，用一般現在時的被動語態，結構是“am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞”，主語是復數，be動詞用are。故選B。38．句意：最后，試著在日常對話或寫作中盡可能多地使用它們。much許多，修飾不可數名詞；more更多，much和many的比較級；most最多，much和many的最高級。根據“trytousethemas...aspossible”可知，此處是固定用法“as...aspossible”，意為“盡可能……”，中間用形容詞或副詞的原級，此處修飾動詞use，用副詞much。故選A。39．句意：如果你不能從閱讀材料中使用你所學到的東西，那還有什么意義呢？to到；from從；against反對。根據“Ifyouaren’tabletousewhatyouhavelearned...thereadingmaterial”可知，此處表達“從閱讀材料中使用你所學到的東西”，用介詞from。故選B。40．句意：這個技巧多年來一直對我很有用。willwork將會起作用，一般將來時；isworking正在起作用，現在進行時；hasworked已經起作用，現在完成時。根據“foryears”可知，此處表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在并還可能繼續延續下去的動作，用現在完成時，結構是“have/has+動詞的過去分詞”，主語是單數，助動詞用has。故選C。三、41．C42．A43．A44．D45．B46．B47．D48．C49．B50．D【導語】本篇文章探討了人類在2100年可能生活在火星上的情景，涉及技術發展、生活條件等方面的展望。41．句意：人們希望能在火星上重新開始，并創建一個更好的世界。imagine想象；protect保護；build建造；draw繪畫。根據“startalloveragain”可知，此處指重新建造一個世界，build符合語境。故選C。42．句意：目前，我們的宇宙飛船太慢，無法運送大量乘客到火星——這需要幾個月的時間。passengers乘客；teachers教師；doctors醫生；reporters記者。根據“carrylargenumbersof”可知，此處指運送大量乘客，passengers符合語境。故選A。43．句意：隨著技術的發展，到2100年，以光速飛行的宇宙飛船可能只需20分鐘就能到達火星。only僅僅；even甚至；still仍然；hardly幾乎不。根據“takeabout20minutes”可知，此處強調時間短，only符合語境。故選A。44．句意：到目前為止，沒有人知道火星上是否有足夠的水或空氣供人類生存。money錢；ice冰；time時間；water水。根據“oraironMarsforpeople”可知，此處指水或空氣，water符合語境。故選D。45．句意：與地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面會更好。cheaper更便宜；better更好；luckier更幸運；slower更慢。根據“peoplewouldhavemorespace”可知，此處指生活條件更好，better符合語境。故選B。46．句意：人們將會有更多的空間。work工作；space空間；food食物；light光。根據“hugecomfortablerooms”可知，此處指空間更大，space符合語境。故選B。47．句意：機器人會做很多工作，這樣人們就有更多時間放松。express表達；plan計劃；write寫作；relax放松。根據“robotswoulddoalotoftheirwork”可知，此處指人們有更多時間放松，relax符合語境。故選D。48．句意：每個學生都會上在線學校與“電子教師”一起學習。practice練習；rest休息；study學習；sleep睡覺。根據“onlineschoolswith‘e-teachers’”可知，此處指學習，study符合語境。故選C。49．句意：然而，火星上的生活將充滿挑戰。exciting令人興奮的；challenging充滿挑戰的；surprising令人驚訝的；interesting有趣的。根據“therearestillmanydifficultiesforustoovercome”可知，此處指生活充滿挑戰，challenging符合語境。故選B。50．句意：可能需要幾百年才能實現這一目標。breakout爆發；breakdown崩潰；comeout出版；cometrue實現。根據“makeit”可知，此處指實現目標，cometrue符合語境。故選D。四、51．C52．B53．C54．B55．A【導語】本文通過多國青少年的視角，探討了臟話的使用場景、原因及替代方案，并強調了文明用語的重要性。51．細節理解題。根據“InSingapore,Idon’thearalotofswearing(說臟話)atschoolbecauseteacherswatchoveras.”可知，在新加坡，在學校很少聽到臟話，故選C。52．細節理解題。根據“IntheUK,swearingiscommonamongmyfriends,especiallyinrelaxedconversationsandonsocialmedia.”可知，在英國，咒罵很常見，尤其是在輕松的談話和社交媒體上。故選B。53．細節理解題。根據“Peoplecursetoshowstrongfeelingsorfitin.”；“Somepeoplesweartoseem“cool”ortoshowstrongfeelings”和“Somepeoplehidetheirnamesonlineandusebadwordstoattackothers.”可知，說臟話是為了顯得很酷，是為了融入群體以及攻擊他人，C項不是原因。故選C。54．細節理解題。根據“Tostopswearing,Ithinkwecanuseotherwords.Forexample,saying“Ohsugar”insteadofabadwordwhenI’mangryorsurprised.”可知，XuHaoxuan建議用“Ohsugar”替代臟話，B符合句意，故選B。55．推理判斷題。根據“Q:Ioftenhearmyclassmatesusingcursewordsatschool,anditannoys(使煩惱)me.Doyourclassmatesusecursewordsintheirdailylives?Whatdoyouthinkaboutit,andwhatshouldbedonetostopthem?”和學生的回答可知，文章以問答形式呈現不同學生的觀點，屬于采訪，故選A。56．B57．B58．D59．A60．D【導語】本文探討了秋天天空為何比夏天更藍的原因，并鼓勵讀者在秋天欣賞美麗天空的同時，記住這些使天空更加蔚藍的原因。56．細節理解題。根據“Asthedaysgetshorter,thesunappearslowerandlowerinthesky…Thisletsmorebluelightreachoureyes,makingtheskyseembluer.”可知，秋天太陽位置較低，讓更多藍光進入眼中，故選B。57．細節理解題。根據“Theairdoesnotholdmuchwater,socloudsdonotformeasily.Whentherearefewornocloudscoveringthesky,thebluecoloroftheskyshowsmoreclearly,andtheskylooksmoreopenandbright.”可知，空氣中水分(x)減少，天空藍色程度(y)增加，二者呈反比，所以應選斜線向下的圖形B。故選B。58．詞句猜測題。根據“Youmightbesurprised,butthecolorfulleavesofautumnactuallyhelpgivethesky’sblueacolorboost,whichcanmaketheskyseemevenbluer.”可知，畫線詞后提到了“使天空看起來更藍”，因此“boost”在文中表示“給……增色、增強”之意，對應選項中的“Improvement”。故選D。59．篇章結構題。通讀全文可知，第一段提出了問題并給出了直接的答案；第二、三、四段分別解釋了三個原因；第五段鼓勵讀者在秋天欣賞美麗的天空，并記住這些原因。故選A。60．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，全文緊扣“為什么秋天的天空更藍”這一中心，最佳標題應與“秋天更藍的天空及其原因”直接對應，故選D。61．B62．C63．A64．E65．F【導語】本文主要介紹了五個不同的情境和六個寓意各異的英語諺語。61．根據“Tocatchupwithothers,Simoncarryallhisthingsonhisbackandranfast.However,hefelloverandhurthimself.”可知，西蒙為了趕上別人而匆忙行事，結果卻摔倒受傷。這與B項“欲速則不達。”的寓意相符，即過于匆忙往往會降低效率或導致失敗。故選B。62．根據“LittleMaryputonhermother’ssuitandlookedserious,yetnoneofherfriendswasafraidofher.”可知，瑪麗雖然穿著母親的嚴肅套裝，但她的朋友們并不害怕她。這與C項“披著獅皮的驢。”的寓意相符，即外表看似強大，但實際上并無實力。故選C。63．根據“It’snouseexplainingEnglishgrammartoKitty,becauseshedoesn’tknowasingleEnglishletter.”可知，向基蒂解釋英語語法是徒勞的，因為她連一個英文字母都不認識。這與A項“對著墻說話。”的寓意相符，即向不理解你的人解釋是無效的。故選A。64．根據“ThoughTomdidn’tknowthesubjectatall,henoddednowandthentopretendheknewitwellduringthewholemeeting.”可知，湯姆雖然完全不懂會議的主題，但卻假裝自己很了解并點頭示意。這與E項“魚目混珠”的寓意相符，即不懂裝懂。故選E。65．根據“Jacklikesshoutingwheneveryoneelsestudies,andthrowingrubbishaftertheclassroomisjustcleanedup.”可知，杰克在大家學習時大聲喊叫，并在教室剛被打掃干凈后就亂扔垃圾的行為。這與F項“害群之馬。”的寓意相符，即一個不好的人或行為會對整個群體造成負面影響。故選F。五、66．win67．valuable