第二部分

語法考點突破句法

篇第4講特殊句式語法精講考點一

強調句語法規則例句該句型可對句子的主語、表語、賓語、同位語、狀語等進行強調。當強調部分是人，

且作主語時，

引導詞也可用who。強調主語時，that/who之后的謂語動詞在人稱和數上要和被強調的主語保持一致Imetherintheparkyesterday．ItwasIthat/whometherintheparkyesterday．(強調主語)ItwasherthatImetintheparkyesterday．(強調賓語)ItwasintheparkthatImetheryesterday．(強調地點狀語)ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthepark．(強調時間狀語)語法規則例句強調句型的疑問句結構：一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他部分？特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？Wasitintheparkthathemetournewteacher?Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse？語法規則例句not...until的強調句型結構：Itis/wasnotuntil...＋that＋其他部分。不強調時且notuntil位于句首，主句需要部分倒裝ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIwastoldthathewasillinhospital．NotuntilyesterdaywasItoldthathewasillinhospital．Itis/was...who/that...結構不能強調謂語動詞。可用助動詞do，does或did來強調謂語動詞，用于一般現在時和一般過去時的肯定句中，do還可以用于祈使句Idohopeyouwillmakeit．Shedidtellmeheraddress，butIforgotallaboutit．考點二

倒裝句1．部分倒裝語法規則句首否定詞

＋

部分倒裝(never，seldom，rarely，little，few，atnotime，bynomeans，nolonger，hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...，notonly...butalso...，notuntil，nowhere，neither...nor...等)注意：①hardly/scarcely和nosooner放在句首，主句部分倒裝，且用過去完成時；②notonly...butalso連接并列句且notonly位于句首時，notonly所在的句子部分倒裝，butalso所在的句子不倒裝；③notuntil位于句首時，notuntil所在的從句不倒裝，主句需要部分倒裝例句原句：IknewlittlethatyouwereRomeo．倒裝句：LittledidIknowthatyouwereRomeo．Seldomhasshemethimrecently．InnocasewillIgiveup．Nosooner/HardlyhadIarrivedathomethan/whenitbegantorain．Notonlydidwegainalotofknowledge，butalsoweimprovedourhealth．NotuntilyesterdaydidIrealizehowimportantthismatteris．語法規則例句only＋狀語(介詞短語，副詞，狀語從句)置于句首時，主句要進行部分倒裝。only＋主語則不用倒裝OnlyrecentlyhaveIbecomeawareoftheimportanceoftakingexercise．Onlyinthiswaycanwesucceed．so/such...that...結構中的so，such連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調時，主句要用部分倒裝Sosignificantisthevolleyballmatchthateveryoneshouldarriveatourschoolstadiumaheadofschedule．語法規則例句as，though引導讓步狀語從句時的特殊倒裝Tiredas/thoughweare，weareproudofourselvesandbelievewecandomoreforabetterworld．Tryas/thoughhemight，hecouldn'tsolvetheproblem．在含有had，were，should的虛擬條件句，若省略if，則if從句使用部分倒裝IfIhadleftalittleearlier，Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain．→HadIleftalittleearlier，Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain．IfIwereyou，Ishouldworkhard．→WereIyou，Ishouldworkhard．語法規則例句here，there，now，then或out，in，up，down，away，off等副詞開頭的句子＋謂語動詞(be，go，come)注意：主語是人稱代詞，語序不變Theregoesthebus．Outrantheteacher．Thencameanewdifficulty．Nowcomesyourturn．Hereyouare．Outitcomes．2．全部倒裝(注意主謂一致，找到真正的主語)語法規則例句當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞(詞組)時，常常引起全部倒裝Onthewallhangtwolargeportraits．Inthesouthofthecityliesasteelfactory．Infrontofthehouseparksanewcar．主語太長，表語太短，為了平衡句子結構的需要，將表語提前

Gonearethedayswhenweareenslaved．Presentatthemeetingaretenfamouswriters．Amongthechildrenwasanoldman．語法規則例句以引導詞there開頭的句子，須使用倒裝結構，除therebe外還有therelive/stand/lie/exist等Thereisonebookandtwoorangesonthedesk．Therestandsabigtreeonthetopofthehill．語法規則例句祈使句用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等。祈使句的主語一般為第二人稱(通常省略)，有時也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代詞Workhard，andyouwillmakeprogressinEnglish．Neveranswerthephonewhiledriving．LetTomgotherehimself．考點三

祈使句和感嘆句1．祈使句語法規則例句What＋a/an＋adj．＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！What＋adj．＋可數名詞復數/不可數名詞＋主語＋謂語！Iwassurprisedbyherwords，whichmademerecognizewhatsillymistakesIhadmade．How＋adj．＋a/an＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！How＋adj．/adv．＋主語＋謂語！How＋主語＋謂語！Howinterestingastoryitis!＝Whataninterestingstoryitis！2．感嘆句達標演練1．Youarewaitingatawrongplace．Itisatthehotel____thecoachpicksuptourists．2．Bachdiedin1750，butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcentury____hismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized．3．John'ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck．Itisyearsofhardwork____hasmadehimwhatheistoday．Ⅰ．單句語法填空thatthatthat4．Notonly__(do)thenurseswantapayincrease，theywantreducedhoursaswell．5．Amongthecrisesthatfacehumans__(be)thelackofnaturalresources．6．Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardship___(do)herealizethelovewehaveforourfamiliesis．doisdid7．Neverbefore___(have)sheseenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert．8．Hot__________thenightairwas，wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney．hasas/thoughⅡ．語法鏈接寫作1．馬丁意識到重要的不是朋友的數量，而是質量。Martinrealized______________________________________________mattered．(強調句型)2．在我的一生中，我從來沒有被這樣的委屈和無助所壓倒，我一動不動地站在那里。_________________________________________________withsuchgrievanceandhelplessnessthatIstoodtheremotionless．(倒裝句)itwasnotaboutthequantityoffriendsbutthequalitythatNeverbeforeinmylifehadIbeensooverwhelmed3．Sergio興奮得手臂微微顫抖。_________________________hisarmstrembledslightly．(倒裝句)4．它不僅豐富了我們的學校生活，也激發了我們學好英語的熱情。_________________________________butitalsomotivatesourpassiontolearnEnglishwell．(倒裝句)5．盡管我很驚慌，但我試圖整理思緒，試圖用盡可能簡潔的方式解釋當時的情況。_____________________，Iattemptedtocollectmythoughts，tryingtoexplainthesituationinthewayasconciseaspossible．(倒裝句)SoexcitedwasSergiothatNotonlydoesitenrichourschoollifePanickedas/thoughIwasⅢ．語法填空Never1．___(do)DishaFlorencethinkshewouldbecomeawebnovelist．TheladyfromBangladesh，wastryingtofindawaytofreeherselffromtherestrictionsfacedbyawoman，2．_wishshehashadsinceshewas8．Itwasthen3．____sheobservedthatbeingagirlmeantshecouldn'tplayintheparklikeboys，andthatsheneededtolearntodohousework．didathatAsshegrewup，sherealizedthatwithoutexperienceandknowledge，it'simpossibletobefree．Therefore，while4．__________(continue)herstudy，Florenceworkedasavolunteer，goingtoplacesandmeetingpeoplewithorwithoutherparents'5．