2025年英語專業四級完形填空（自然科學類）專項卷：生物信息學難點解析一、選擇題（每題1分，共20分）1.Thefieldofbioinformaticsisconcernedwiththeapplicationofcomputertechnologytothestudyofbiologicaldata.A.biologyB.bioinformaticsC.technologyD.data2.DNAsequencingisakeytechniqueinthefieldofbioinformatics.A.sequencingB.technologyC.dataD.field3.TheHumanGenomeProjectwasaninternationalscientificresearchprojectaimedatdeterminingthesequenceofDNAbasesinhumanchromosomes.A.internationalB.scientificC.researchD.project4.Oneofthemaingoalsofbioinformaticsistoidentifypatternsinbiologicaldata.A.identifyB.patternsC.biologicalD.data5.Theterm"bioinformatics"wascoinedinthe1970s.A.termB.bioinformaticsC.1970sD.coined6.AgeneisasegmentofDNAthatcontainstheinstructionsforbuildingaspecificprotein.A.geneB.DNAC.instructionsD.protein7.Theprocessofanalyzinglargedatasetsisknownasdatamining.A.analyzingB.largeC.datasetsD.mining8.Agenomeisthecompletesetofgeneticinstructionsforalivingorganism.A.genomeB.geneticC.instructionsD.organism9.Bioinformaticstoolsareusedtoanalyzeandinterpretbiologicaldata.A.toolsB.analyzeC.interpretD.biological10.Thefieldofbioinformaticshasapplicationsinvariousareas,suchasmedicine,agriculture,andenvironmentalscience.A.fieldB.applicationsC.medicineD.environmentalscience二、填空題（每題1分，共20分）11.TheHumanGenomeProjectwasasignificantmilestoneinthefieldof________.12.________isaprocessusedtodeterminetheorderofDNAbasesinaDNAmolecule.13.Oneofthemaingoalsofbioinformaticsistoidentify________inbiologicaldata.14.________isatechniqueusedtoanalyzelargedatasets.15.Thecompletesetofgeneticinstructionsforalivingorganismiscalleda________.16.________toolsareusedtoanalyzeandinterpretbiologicaldata.17.Thefieldofbioinformaticshasapplicationsinvariousareas,suchas________,________,and________.18.Theterm"bioinformatics"wascoinedinthe________.19.AgeneisasegmentofDNAthatcontainstheinstructionsforbuildinga________.20.Theprocessofanalyzinglargedatasetsisknownas________.四、閱讀理解（每題2分，共20分）Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsbelow.Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologyhassignificantlyimpactedthefieldofbioinformatics.AdvancesinDNAsequencingtechnologyhavemadeitpossibletogeneratevastamountsofbiologicaldataatarelativelylowcost.Thishasledtotheneedforpowerfulcomputationaltoolstoanalyzeandinterpretthisdata.Oneofthekeychallengesinbioinformaticsisthemanagementandstorageoflargebiologicaldatasets.1.Whathasbeentheimpactoftechnologyonthefieldofbioinformatics?2.WhathasbeentheresultoftheadvancementinDNAsequencingtechnology?3.Whatisoneofthekeychallengesinbioinformatics?4.Whyisthereaneedforpowerfulcomputationaltoolsinbioinformatics?5.Whatisthemainconcernregardingthemanagementandstorageoflargebiologicaldatasets?6.Howhastechnologyhelpedinaddressingthechallengesinbioinformatics?7.Whatistheroleofcomputationaltoolsintheanalysisandinterpretationofbiologicaldata?8.HowdoestheadvancementinDNAsequencingtechnologyrelatetotheneedforcomputationaltools?9.Whataresomeoftheareaswherebioinformaticshasfoundapplications?10.Howhasthefieldofbioinformaticsbeeninfluencedbytherapiddevelopmentoftechnology?五、翻譯（每題3分，共30分）TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishtoChinese.1.Bioinformaticsisaninterdisciplinaryfieldthatcombinesbiology,computerscience,andinformationtechnology.2.Theanalysisoflargebiologicaldatasetsrequiresspecializedsoftwaretoolsandalgorithms.3.Oneoftheprimarygoalsofbioinformaticsistounderstandthefunctionandstructureofbiologicalmolecules.4.Theapplicationofbioinformaticsinmedicinehasledtothedevelopmentofpersonalizedmedicine.5.Bioinformaticsplaysacrucialroleinthestudyofgeneticdiseasesandthedevelopmentofnewtreatments.6.Thefieldofbioinformaticshasseensignificantadvancementsinthelasttwodecades.7.Theintegrationofbioinformaticswithotherscientificdisciplineshasopenedupnewavenuesforresearch.8.Thechallengeofdealingwithvastamountsofbiologicaldatahasspurredthedevelopmentofnewcomputationalmethods.9.Bioinformaticstoolsareessentialfortheanalysisofgenomicdata.10.Theuseofbioinformaticsinenvironmentalsciencehelpsinunderstandingtheimpactofhumanactivitiesonecosystems.六、簡答題（每題5分，共30分）1.Brieflyexplaintheconceptofbioinformaticsanditssignificanceinthestudyofbiology.2.Describetheroleofcomputationaltoolsinbioinformaticsandgiveanexampleofhowtheyareused.3.Discussthechallengesfacedinmanagingandstoringlargebiologicaldatasets.4.Explaintheimportanceofgenomicsinbioinformaticsanditsapplicationsinmedicalresearch.5.Describetheimpactofbioinformaticsonthefieldofagricultureandprovideanexampleofitsapplication.本次試卷答案如下：一、選擇題答案：1.B2.A3.D4.A5.B6.D7.C8.A9.B10.D解析思路：1.選項B"bioinformatics"與題干中的"thefieldofbioinformatics"直接相關，表示生物信息學領域。2.選項A"sequencing"是DNA測序的技術術語，與生物信息學緊密相關。3.選項D"project"表示項目，符合題干中提到的“人類基因組計劃”。4.選項A"identify"與題干中的“toidentifypatterns”相對應，表示識別模式。5.選項B"bioinformatics"是題干中提到的術語，表示生物信息學。6.選項D"protein"是基因編碼的產物，與題干中的“specificprotein”相對應。7.選項C"datasets"是數據分析的對象，與題干中的“largedatasets”相對應。8.選項A"genome"是生物體的遺傳信息集合，與題干中的“completesetofgeneticinstructions”相對應。9.選項B"tools"是用于分析生物數據的工具，與題干中的“bioinformaticstools”相對應。10.選項D"environmentalscience"是生物信息學應用的一個領域，與題干中的“variousareas”相對應。二、填空題答案：11.bioinformatics12.DNAsequencing13.patterns14.datamining15.genome16.bioinformatics17.medicine,agriculture,environmentalscience18.1970s19.specificprotein20.datamining解析思路：11.根據題干中提到的“人類基因組計劃”，填入“bioinformatics”，表示生物信息學領域。12.根據題干中提到的“DNA測序”，填入“DNAsequencing”，表示DNA測序的過程。13.根據題干中提到的“識別模式”，填入“patterns”，表示在生物數據中識別出的模式。14.根據題干中提到的“分析大型數據集”，填入“datamining”，表示數據挖掘技術。15.根據題干中提到的“完整的遺傳指令集合”，填入“genome”，表示基因組。16.根據題干中提到的“生物信息學工具”，填入“bioinformatics”，表示生物信息學領域的工具。17.根據題干中提到的“醫學、農業和環境科學”，填入相應的領域名稱。18.根據題干中提到的“1970年代”，填入“1970s”，表示生物信息學術語首次提出的時間。19.根據題干中提到的“特定的蛋白質”，填入“specificprotein”，表示基因編碼的特定蛋白質。20.根據題干中提到的“分析大型數據集”，填入“datamining”，表示數據挖掘技術。四、閱讀理解答案：1.Theimpactoftechnologyonthefieldofbioinformaticsisthatithasmadeitpossibletogeneratevastamountsofbiologicaldataatarelativelylowcost.Thishasledtotheneedforpowerfulcomputationaltoolstoanalyzeandinterpretthisdata.2.TheresultoftheadvancementinDNAsequencingtechnologyisthatithasmadeitpossibletogeneratevastamountsofbiologicaldataatarelativelylowcost.Thishasledtotheneedforpowerfulcomputationaltoolstoanalyzeandinterpretthisdata.3.Oneofthekeychallengesinbioinformaticsisthemanagementandstorageoflargebiologicaldatasets.Thischallengearisesduetotherapidgrowthinthevolumeofbiologicaldatabeinggenerated.4.Theneedforpowerfulcomputationaltoolsinbioinformaticsarisesbecausetheanalysisoflargebiologicaldatasetsrequiresspecializedsoftwaretoolsandalgorithms.5.Themainconcernregardingthemanagementandstorageoflargebiologicaldatasetsisthechallengeofdealingwithvastamountsofdata,whichrequiresefficientdatastoragesolutionsandcomputationalresources.解析思路：1.根據第一段中的描述，技術發展使得生物數據生成變得低成本，因此需要強大的計算工具來分析數據。2.根