2025年考研英語(yǔ)（二）閱讀理解主旨題詞匯理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練卷一、閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，共40分）閱讀下面四篇短文，從每篇短文中選出能回答所提問(wèn)題的最佳答案。PassageOneThedigitaldivide—thegapbetweenthosewithaccesstomodernelectroniccommunicationstechnologyandthosewithout—isawell-knownphenomenon.Thisgaphasmanycauses,andsomearequitetechnical,involvingthehighcostofinstallingandmaintainingtelecommunicationsinfrastructure,especiallyinremoteruralareas.Butothersaremorecultural,involvingthecostofacquiringandmaintainingtheskillstousetechnology.Thefactisthat,whilesomepeopleindevelopingcountriesdoowncomputersandtelephones,theyaretheexceptionratherthantherule.Insomedevelopingcountries,suchasthoseinAfricaandpartsofAsia,peoplearemorelikelytobeabletoaccessmobilephonesthantohavelandlines.Thereareafewreasonsforthis.Foronething,mobilephonesareeasiertoinstallthanlandlines;foranother,mobilephonescanbetakenfromplacetoplace.Moreover,becausethemobilephonecompaniesdonotneedtolayexpensivetelephonelinesinremoteareas,thecostofacquiringmobilephoneserviceisoftenlessthanthatofobtainingalandline.Asaresult,mobilephoneshavebecomeanincreasinglypopularchoiceforpeopleintheseareas.Someexpertsbelievethatmobilephonesareamoreefficientwayofreachingthepoor,especiallythoselivinginremoteruralareas,becausemobilephonescanbebroughttothem,ratherthanthemhavingtotraveltoreachafixedlocation.Furthermore,mobilephonesareeasierforpeopletounderstandthancomputers.Infact,a2008studybytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramfoundthatmobilephoneusewasassociatedwithimprovedaccesstoinformationandgreatereconomicopportunities.Forexample,asmallfarmerinKenyawasabletofindabuyerforhisproducethroughhismobilephone.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.1.Thedigitaldivideisaphenomenonthatiscausedby______.A.thecostoftelecommunicationsinfrastructureB.theculturalgapbetweenpeoplewithandwithoutaccesstotechnologyC.thedifferencebetweenthosewithandwithoutlandlinesD.thefactthatsomepeopleindevelopingcountriesowncomputersandtelephones2.Insomedevelopingcountries,mobilephonesaremorelikelytobeusedthanlandlinesbecause______.A.theyareeasiertoinstallB.theycanbetakenfromplacetoplaceC.theyarelessexpensivetoacquireD.mobilephonecompaniesdonotneedtolayexpensivetelephonelinesinremoteareas3.Accordingtothepassage,mobilephonesareamoreefficientwayofreachingthepoorbecause______.A.theycanbebroughttothemB.theycanbeusedbypeoplewithouttechnologyskillsC.theyareeasierforpeopletounderstandD.theyareassociatedwithimprovedaccesstoinformation4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thedigitaldivideisaglobalissuethataffectspeople'slives.B.Mobilephonesarebecominganincreasinglypopularchoiceforpeopleindevelopingcountries.C.Thepooraremorelikelytousemobilephonesthanlandlinesindevelopingcountries.D.Mobilephonescanprovidethepoorwithbetteraccesstoinformationandeconomicopportunities.5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsmobilephonesindevelopingcountriesis______.A.neutralB.positiveC.negativeD.indifferentPassageTwoTheworld'smostexpensivecupofcoffee,KopiLuwak,isaluxurycoffeethatisproducedbydigestingandexcretingcoffeecherries.ThecherriesareharvestedfromcoffeetreesinIndonesiaandthendigestedbyacivet,asmallmammal.Thecivet'sdigestiveenzymesbreakdownthecherries,andthenitexcretesthecoffeebeans,whicharethencleaned,roasted,andground.KopiLuwakissoexpensivebecauseoftheuniqueprocessbywhichitismade.Thecoffeecherriesarefirstdigestedbythecivet,whichisaprocessthattakesabout24hours.Afterdigestion,thecivetexcretesthecoffeebeans,whicharethencleaned,roasted,andground.Thisprocessisquitetime-consuming,andthecivetonlydigestsasmallamountofcherriesatatime,whichmakesthecoffeeveryrareandexpensive.KopiLuwakisalsoconsideredtobealuxurycoffeebecauseitisproducedinlimitedquantities.Onlyasmallnumberofcivetscanbeusedtoproducethecoffee,andtheprocessofcollectingandprocessingthecoffeebeansislabor-intensiveandtime-consuming.ThislimitedsupplyandhighproductioncostscontributetothehighpriceofKopiLuwak.Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.6.Themainideaofthepassageis______.A.KopiLuwakisaluxurycoffeeproducedbydigestingandexcretingcoffeecherries.B.TheproductionprocessofKopiLuwakisuniqueandtime-consuming.C.KopiLuwakisexpensivebecauseofthelimitedsupplyandhighproductioncosts.D.KopiLuwakisapopularcoffeeinIndonesia.7.WhyisKopiLuwaksoexpensive?A.Theprocessofproducingitistime-consumingandlabor-intensive.B.Thecivetdigestsonlyasmallamountofcherriesatatime.C.Itisproducedinlimitedquantities.D.ThecherriesareharvestedfromcoffeetreesinIndonesia.8.Thecivet'sdigestiveenzymes______.A.breakdownthecherriesB.makethecherriestastebetterC.helpthecivetdigestthecherriesD.producethecoffee9.TheproductionofKopiLuwakis______.A.easyandfastB.time-consumingandlabor-intensiveC.rareandexpensiveD.popularandwidespread10.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsKopiLuwak?A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferent二、完形填空（共20小題，每小題2分，共40分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afewdecadesago,theideaofworkingfromhomewouldhavebeenconsideredbizarre.However,withtheadventoftheinternetandothertechnology,workingfromhomehasbecomeincreasinglycommon.Thereareseveralreasonsforthisshift.Onereasonistheincreasingflexibilityoftheworkplace.Companiesarerecognizingthebenefitsofallowingtheiremployeestoworkfromhome.Forexample,workingfromhomecansavetimeandmoneyoncommuting.Itcanalsoreducestressandimprovework-lifebalance.Moreover,employeeswhoworkfromhomeareoftenmoreproductive,astheycancreateamorecomfortableanddistraction-freeworkenvironment.Anotherreasonfortheriseofworkingfromhomeisthechangingnatureofworkitself.Inthepast,manyjobsrequiredemployeestobephysicallypresentinaspecificlocation.However,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,moreandmorejobscanbedoneremotely.Thisisparticularlytrueforjobsthatinvolveworkingwithcomputers,suchasprogramming,graphicdesign,andcontentcreation.Despitethemanybenefitsofworkingfromhome,therearealsosomechallenges.Oneofthebiggestchallengesismaintainingcommunicationandcollaborationwithcolleagues.Withoutface-to-faceinteraction,itcanbedifficulttoestablishandmaintainasenseofcommunitywithintheworkplace.Additionally,workingfromhomecanleadtofeelingsofisolationanddisconnectionfromtheworkplace.Toaddressthesechallenges,companiesandemployeesareturningtotechnology.Toolssuchasvideoconferencing,instantmessaging,andprojectmanagementsoftwarehavemadeiteasierforpeopletoworkfromhomeandstayconnectedwiththeircolleagues.However,thesetoolscannotcompletelyreplacethebenefitsofface-to-faceinteraction.Inconclusion,workingfromhomehasbecomeincreasinglycommonduetotheincreasingflexibilityoftheworkplaceandthechangingnatureofwork.Whiletherearechallenges,technologyhasmadeiteasierforpeopletoworkfromhomeandstayconnectedwiththeircolleagues.Thefutureofworkwilllikelyseeacontinuedincreaseinremotework,asmoreandmorecompaniesrecognizethebenefitsofthisarrangement.11.Theword"bizarre"inthefirstparagraphcanbebestreplacedby______.A.strangeB.familiarC.normalD.exciting12.Oneofthereasonsfortheshifttoworkingfromhomeis______.A.theincreasingflexibilityoftheworkplaceB.thechangingnatureofworkC.thedecreasingcostofcommutingD.theimprovingtechnology13.Thephrase"face-to-faceinteraction"refersto______.A.communicationthroughtechnologyB.communicationthroughvideoconferencingC.communicationinpersonD.communicationbyphone14.Theword"community"inthesecondparagraphcanbebestreplacedby______.A.groupB.familyC.companyD.organization15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Workingfromhomehasbecomeincreasinglycommonduetothebenefitsitoffers.B.Thebenefitsofworkingfromhomeoutweighthechallengesitpresents.C.Technologyhasmadeiteasierforpeopletoworkfromhomeandstayconnectedwiththeircolleagues.D.Thefutureofworkwilllikelyseeacontinuedincreaseinremotework.四、翻譯（共5小題，每小題2分，共10分）將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.隨著科技的進(jìn)步，許多曾經(jīng)需要大量人力完成的任務(wù)現(xiàn)在可以由機(jī)器自動(dòng)完成。2.環(huán)境保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為全球關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，各國(guó)都在努力采取行動(dòng)減少污染。3.閱讀能力對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)和職業(yè)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要，因此從小培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣非常重要。4.隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及，人們獲取信息的方式發(fā)生了巨大變化，這給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)了許多便利。5.許多研究表明，堅(jiān)持體育鍛煉對(duì)于保持身心健康具有重要作用。五、完形填空（共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Theworldischangingrapidly,andthewayweliveandworkisalsochanging.Oneofthemostsignificantchangesistheincreasingimportanceoftechnologyinourlives.Technologyhasmadeourlivesmoreconvenient,butithasalsobroughtsomechallenges.Oneofthechallengesoftechnologyistheissueofprivacy.Withtheadventofsocialmediaandotheronlineplatforms,ourpersonalinformationismoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.Thishasraisedconcernsaboutthepotentialformisuseofourdata.Toprotectourprivacy,weneedtobeawareoftherisksandtakestepstosafeguardourpersonalinformation.Anotherchallengeistheissueofsecurity.Cybersecuritythreatsarebecomingmoresophisticated,anditisimportantforindividualsandorganizationstobevigilantaboutprotectingtheirdata.Thisincludesusingstrongpasswords,keepingsoftwareuptodate,andbeingcautiousabouttheinformationweshareonline.Despitethesechallenges,technologyhasbroughtmanybenefitstoourlives.Oneofthemostsignificantbenefitsistheabilitytoconnectwithpeopleallovertheworld.Wecannowcommunicatewithfriendsandfamily,regardlessoftheirlocation,throughvideocalls,messagingapps,andsocialmedia.Technologyhasalsomadeiteasiertoaccessinformationandknowledge.Withtheinternet,wecanfindinformationonalmostanytopicwithinseconds.Thishasopenedupnewopportunitiesforlearningandpersonaldevelopment.However,withgreatpowercomesgreatresponsibility.Weneedtobemindfuloftheimpactoftechnologyonourlivesandtakestepstoensurethatitisusedinawaythatisbeneficialtosociety.16.Themainideaofthepassageis______.A.thebenefitsoftechnologyB.thechallengesoftechnologyC.theimportanceoftechnologyinourlivesD.theimpactoftechnologyonourlives17.Theword"advent"inthefirstparagraphcanbebestreplacedby______.A.arrivalB.developmentC.declineD.failure18.Whatisthemainchallengeoftechnologymentionedinthepassage?A.PrivacyB.SecurityC.InformationaccessD.Communication19.Thephrase"bevigilantabout"refersto______.A.beingawareofandcautiousaboutB.beingconfidentaboutandenthusiasticaboutC.beinglazyaboutandindifferentaboutD.beingproudaboutandself-satisfiedabout20.Whatisoneofthebenefitsoftechnologymentionedinthepassage?A.IncreasedprivacyB.EnhancedsecurityC.ImprovedcommunicationD.Reducedinformationaccess六、閱讀理解（共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）閱讀下面短文，從每篇短文中選出能回答所提問(wèn)題的最佳答案。PassageOneInrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingconcernabouttheimpactofplasticwasteontheenvironment.Plasticpollutionisasignificantproblem,anditisaffectingeverypartoftheplanet.Fromthedeepestoceanstothehighestmountains,plasticwasteisnowfoundinalmosteveryecosystem.Theproblemofplasticpollutioniscomplexandmultifaceted.Oneofthemaincausesistheexcessiveuseofsingle-useplastics,suchasbags,straws,andbottles.Theseitemsareconvenientbutareoftendiscardedafteronlyoneuse,leadingtoasignificantamountofplasticwaste.Toaddressthisissue,manygovernmentsandorganizationshaveintroducedinitiativestoreduceplasticwaste.Forexample,somecountrieshavebannedtheuseofsingle-useplastics,whileothershaveimplementedrecyclingprograms.Additionally,thereareeffortstodevelopalternativestoplastic,suchasbiodegradablematerials.Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.21.Themainideaofthepassageis______.A.thecausesofplasticpollutionB.theimpactofplasticpollutionontheenvironmentC.theinitiativestakentoreduceplasticpollutionD.theimportanceofplasticalternatives22.Whatisoneofthemaincausesofplasticpollutionmentionedinthepassage?A.Theexcessiveuseofsingle-useplasticsB.ThelackofrecyclingprogramsC.ThedevelopmentofbiodegradablematerialsD.Thebanningofsingle-useplastics23.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsplasticpollution?A.NegativeB.PositiveC.NeutralD.Indifferent24.Whatisoneoftheinitiativesmentionedinthepassagetoreduceplasticpollution?A.Banningtheuseofsingle-useplasticsB.ImplementingrecyclingprogramsC.DevelopingalternativestoplasticD.Alloftheabove25.Whatistheauthor'smainsuggestiontoaddresstheissueofplasticpollution?A.Toincreasetheuseofsingle-useplasticsB.Tobantheuseofsingle-useplasticsC.TodevelopmoreefficientrecyclingprogramsD.Toencouragetheuseofbiodegradablematerials本次試卷答案如下：一、閱讀理解1.B解析：根據(jù)第一段中的"Butothersaremorecultural,involvingthecostofacquiringandmaintainingtheskillstousetechnology."可知，數(shù)字鴻溝的文化原因是與技術(shù)使用技能的獲取和維護(hù)成本有關(guān)。2.C解析：根據(jù)第二段中的"Moreover,becausethemobilephonecompaniesdonotneedtolayexpensivetelephonelinesinremoteareas,thecostofacquiringmobilephoneserviceisoftenlessthanthatofobtainingalandline."可知，在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，獲取手機(jī)服務(wù)的成本通常低于獲取固定電話的成本。3.D解析：根據(jù)第三段中的"Furthermore,mobilephonesareeasierforpeopletounderstandthancomputers.Infact,a2008studybytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramfoundthatmobilephoneusewasassociatedwithimprovedaccesstoinformationandgreatereconomicopportunities."可知，手機(jī)比電腦更容易理解，并且與改善信息獲取和