代詞一、學習目標：知識目標：1.了解代詞的分類2.重點掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞和反身代詞能力目標：學會正確運用各類代詞。情感目標：幫助同學們進行知識的歸納總結，拓寬知識面。二、重點、難點：1.名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的用法；2.常見的不定代詞的用法；三、考情分析：近年來，全國各地的中考英語試題對代詞的考查主要集中在下面三個方面：1.不定代詞的用法；2.物主代詞的用法；3.人稱代詞的賓格。四、知能提升：（一）知識講解代詞是用來代替名詞并起名詞作用的詞。代詞可分為以下幾類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。I.人稱代詞是用來指人、動物或事物的代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數、格的變化，分為主格、賓格。見下表：人稱單數復數主格賓格所有格主格賓格所有格第一人稱Imemyweusour第二人稱youyouyouryouyouyour第三人稱hehimhistheythemtheirsheherherititits人稱代詞的用法（1）主格用來作主語，賓格用來作動詞或介詞的賓語。Heisastudent.（he是主格，作句子的主語）Wedon’tknowhim.（him是賓格，作動詞know的賓語）MrWangiswaitingforusoutside.（us是賓格，作介詞for的賓語）【考題鏈接】①I’mgoingskating.Wouldyouliketogowith?A.meB.IC.myD.mine答案：A解題思路：句意是“我打算去滑冰，你愿意和我一起去嗎？”介詞with后需要接代詞作賓語。my和mine意為“我的”，不符合題意。I是主格，而me是賓格，可以作賓語。故選A。②—Who’syourEnglishteacher?—MissGao.SheteachesEnglishverywell.A.ourB.usC.oursD.we答案：B解題思路：固定短語teachsb.sth.“教某人某事”，teach后接雙賓語，其中人稱代詞要用賓格形式。所以選B。（2）it作人稱代詞的用法。①代表不知性別的孩子或嬰兒或只聞其聲、不見其人的人。Thebellringsagain.Goandseewhoitis.【考題鏈接】—Whoissinginginthenextroom?—mustbeMaria.A.ItB.SheC.ThisD.There答案：A解題思路：句意為“誰在隔壁唱歌？”“肯定是Maria?！睂χ宦勂渎?、不見其人的人用it。②用來指時間、天氣、氣候、距離等。Itistenthirtynow.Itwassnowingthismorning.It’swarminthisroom.Howfarisitfromheretothepark?③作形式主語和形式賓語。Itishardformetoworkouttheproblem.IfindithardtolearnEnglishwell.【考題鏈接】Mostyoungpeoplefindexcitingtowatchafootballmatch.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one答案：A解題思路：在這個句子中it作形式賓語，動詞不定式作真正的賓語。常用句型為“主語+think/consider/find+it+adj.+todosth.”［即學即練］1.DoyouknowthegirlbetweenMaryand?A.sheB.IC.hisD.me2.isn’teasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Butdon’tgiveitup.A.ThatB.WhichC.ItD.This3.havealotofworktodo.A.He,youandIB.You,heandIC.I,youandheD.I,heandyou4.Wefindimpossibletogettherebefore8o’clock.A.herB.itC.thisD.that5.YesterdaywasDad’sbirthday.Igaveascarfasapresent.A.heB.himC.hisII.物主代詞一）物主代詞的分類表示所有關系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種，其人稱和數的變化見下表。數人稱種類單數復數第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她、它）們的二）物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞，放在名詞之前作定語。例如：Ilovemyfamily.Isthisyourbike?【考題鏈接】Maryhasgotalovelydog.nameisOliver.(it)答案：Its解題思路：name是名詞，前面應該填寫的是形容詞性的物主代詞作定語。名詞性物主代詞可作主語、賓語、表語以及與“of”連用。1.名詞性物主代詞用作主語。Thisisyourbike.Mineisthere.—Arethesetheirsweaters?—No,theirsareonthebed.2.名詞性物主代詞用作賓語。Helikeshiscoat.Ilikemine(=mycoat).Mypenisbroken.MayIuseyours(=yourpen)?3.名詞性物主代詞用作表語。Thisismybook.Thatisyours.Whosebagisit?It’shis.4.名詞性物主代詞與“of”連用。（屬雙重所有格的一種形式）Tomisanoldfriendofmine.[練一練]Wedecidedtogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsof. A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves【考題鏈接】—Excuseme,isthiswatch?—No,it’snot.It’sTom’s.A.your;myB.yours;mineC.you;itD.your;mine答案：D解題思路：第一個空應該用形容詞性物主代詞your修飾名詞watch，因為形容詞性物主代詞用作定語，放在名詞前，因此可排除B、C。第二空應用名詞性物主代詞，因為名詞性物主代詞單獨使用，相當于一個名詞的作用，所以排除A。故選D。［即學即練］1.—Isthisyourbike,David?—No,it’snot.It’sHelen’s.A.hisB.yoursC.mineD.hers2.—Whoisthebestfriendof?—IthinkMaryis.A.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself3.Don’tworryaboutthechildren.Theycantakecareof. A.ourselves B.themselves C.yourself D.yourselves4.Somethingiswrongwithyourcar.Don’tworry,youcanuse.(we)III.指示代詞（this,that,these,those）指示代詞的基本用法：在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。Thisisagoodidea.（作主語）=Thisideaisgood.（作定語）Whathewantsisthat/this.（作表語）YoulikethisbutIlikethat.（作賓語）指示代詞的特殊用法：1.指示代詞有單復數之分，既可指物，也可用于介紹人。Thisisanappletree,andthatisanorangetree.Thesearemyfriends,andthatismysister.2.this和these常指后面將要講到的事物；that和those多指前面講過的事物。Iwillsaythistoyou:heisanhonestman.Hewasill.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.3.在打電話時，this表示“我”，that表示“你”?！狧ello!ThisisMike.Who’sthat?—Hello!ThisisJohn.4.that和those可用來代替前面提到過的名詞，以免重復，that代替單數名詞或不可數名詞，those代替復數名詞。TheweatherofKunmingisbetterthanthatofBeijing.TheradiosmadeinShanghaiareasgoodasthosemadeinTianjin.【考題鏈接】ThepearsinmybasketaresmallerthaninJim’s.A.itB.thatC.onesD.those答案：D解題思路：在表示比較的句子中指代單數的人或物時用that，指代復數的人或物時用those。本題中指代的是比較的另一方pears，故選those。［即學即練］1.—Hello,who’s?—Hello,isMaryspeaking.A.this,thatB.that,thisC.this,thisD.that,that2.TheweatherinsummerinBeijingiscoolerthaninShanghai.A.thisB.thatC.itD.its3.Therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.iswhyIwaslate.A.ThatB.ThisC.TheseD.ThoseIV.反身代詞反身代詞指動作返回到動作執行者本身或進行強調，表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我們自己”“你們自己”和“他們自己”。與人稱代詞一樣，反身代詞的人稱、數要與它所指代的名詞或代詞一致。數人稱單數反身代詞是由人稱代詞或物主代詞加后綴-self或-selves構成，有人稱和數的變化。復數反身代詞是由人稱代詞或物主代詞加后綴-self或-selves構成，有人稱和數的變化。第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱（賓格+self/selves）himselfherselfitselfthemselves1.反身代詞在句中可作同位語，起強調作用，也可作動詞或介詞的賓語。如果是人稱代詞的賓格作賓語，則主語和賓語不是指同一個人或物。Sheboughtheranewbag.(her指另外一個人)Afewdayslater,Imyselfhadtogoto如果是人稱代詞的賓格作賓語，則主語和賓語不是指同一個人或物。Sheboughtheranewbag.(her指另外一個人)=Afewdayslater,IhadtogotoParismyself.(作同位語)Sheboughtherselfanewbag.(作動詞的賓語)He’snotworriedabouthimself.(作介詞的賓語)2.反身代詞與by連用，意為“獨自”。比較：Iwenttothesupermarketbymyself比較：Iwenttothesupermarketbymyself.Iwenttothesupermarketmyself.byoneself相當于alone或withhelp，意思是“我獨自一個人在沒有別人的幫助下去的那里”；onesel強調不需要別人去，某人自己去。3.帶有反身代詞的常用短語。teachoneself自學helponeselfto隨便吃/喝些……saytooneself自言自語learn…byoneself=teachoneself自學……enjoyoneself過得愉快dressoneself自己穿衣服【考題鏈接】1.—Didyouenjoyattheparty,Jimmy?—Yes,Mum.Ienjoyedverymuch.A.yours;ourselvesB.yourselves;myselfC.yourself;myselfD.yourselves;ourselves答案：C解題思路：由答語中的“I”推知兩空都應用單數形式的反身代詞，再由句意可判斷應選C。2.JohnandDickyaretoobusytohelpus.Let’sdoit.A.herselfB.himselfC.themselvesD.ourselves答案：D解題思路：句意為“John和Dicky太忙了沒法幫助咱們，咱們自己做吧?！保奂磳W即練］1.Thelittleboyasked,“WhatshouldIdo?”A.heB.himselfC.his2.—Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?—Imadeitby.A.meB.himselfC.myselfD.itself3.IguessTomandhissisterGinaenjoyedattheparty.A.myselfB.himselfC.herselfD.themselvesV.不定代詞不指明所代替的名詞，而起到名詞或形容詞作用的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞有名詞性和形容詞性之分，既可起名詞的作用，也可起形容詞的作用；并有可數與不可數的區別。常見不定代詞的用法一）one和it的用法為了避免同一名詞重復使用，常用one或it來代替前面提到的某個單數名詞。其區別是：it只能用來指物，它所代替的東西是前面提到過的那件特指的某物，指的是同類同物。one用來代替前面剛提到的同類事物，但不是同一件；one的前面可用the,this,that,which以及形容詞等詞修飾。Ilostmypenyesterday.Iwanttobuyanewone.Iboughtanewpenyesterday,andIgaveittomysister.【考題鏈接】1.—Yourwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy?—InShanghai.Doyouwanttohavelikethis?A.it;oneB.it;itC.one;itD.one;one答案：A解題思路：句意為“你的手表很漂亮，在哪兒買的呀？”“在上海。你想買一個這樣的嗎？”在表示替代時，it指上文出現的那個名詞；one指代與上文名詞一類的事物之一。根據句意，應選A。2.—TwoEveningPapers,please!—Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyouliketohave,sir?A.oneB.itC.thisD.that答案：B解題思路：句意為“請拿兩份《晚報》”“只剩一份了，您想要嗎，先生？”指代上文提到的那份報紙，應用it。［即學即練］1.YourMP4isquitecheap.Wheredidyoubuy?Iwanttobuy,too.A.one;oneB.it;itC.it;oneD.one;it2.—DoyoulikeLucy’snewskirt?—Yes,verymuch.I’llaskMumtobuyforme.A.itB.oneC.thisD.that二）some和anysome和any可與可數名詞的復數和不可數名詞連用。some及其合成詞somebody,something一般用于肯定句中。any及其合成詞anybody,anything一般用于否定句和疑問句中。Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.Idon’thaveanybrothersorsisters.Isthereanyteainthecup?但在表示建議，反問，請求的疑問句中，或期望得到肯定回答時，多用some/something。Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?What

about

some

fruit

juice?

【考題鏈接】Bequiet!Ihavetotellyou.A.importantanythingB.anythingimportantC.importantsomethingD.somethingimportant答案：D解題思路：形容詞修飾不定代詞時，要放在不定代詞后面，先排除A、C；又因為something用在肯定句中，anything用在否定句中，故選D。［即學即練］1.I’mhungry.Iwanttoeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing2.—Doyouwantmoretea?—Yes,please.A.manyB.muchC.anyD.some三）all和both1.both表示兩者“都”(強調全體)。Herparentsarebothdoctors.Theybothlikepotatoes.2.all“全體／大家／一切”用于三者以上，也可接不可數名詞。AllofusarefromChina.(of不能省，即all不能直接帶代詞)=WeareallfromChina.Allthefoodisdelicious.【考題鏈接】Therearemanytallbuildingsonsidesofthestreet.A.eitherB.allC.both答案：C解題思路：句意為“在街道兩旁有很多高大建筑物”。either表示兩者中的任意一個，后跟單數名詞，排除A；all表示三者或三者以上，不符合題意；故選C.both兩者都。［即學即練］1.IhadtobuythesebooksbecauseIdidn’tknowwhichonewasthebest.A.allB.noneC.bothD.neither2.—Whichtieismoresuitableforme,theredoneortheblueone?—Ihavenoidea.You’dbettertakethem.A.allB.eachC.everyD.both3.Theirparentsare(both,all,either)teachers.四）many，much；(a)few，(a)little的用法many只能和復數可數名詞連用可作主語、賓語、表語和定語much只能和不可數名詞連用主要用于否定句和疑問句中afew（肯定）few（否定）只能和可數名詞連用可作主語、賓語、定語等alittle（肯定)little（否定）只能和不可數名詞連用可作主語、賓語、定語等1.many,much表示數量“多”，可以作代詞或形容詞。many可以代替或修飾可數名詞復數；much可以代替或修飾不可數名詞。ManyofthestudentscomefromEngland.Hehasmuchtodo.2.few(+復數名詞)，little(+不可數名詞)表示“沒多少／很少”(表否定)。Therewerefewpeopleinthestreetlastnight.IamveryworriedthatIhavelittletimetofinishthejob.3.afew(+復數名詞)，alittle(+不可數名詞)表示“有一些／有幾個”(表肯定)。Icanseeafewcakesandalittlebreadinthefridge.【考題鏈接】—Goodmorning,MrBrown.Wouldyoupleasetellmetheresultoftheexam?—OK.Youdidquitewell.You’vemademistakes.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle.答案：A解題思路：由答語的前句意思“你做得很好”可知錯誤很少，且mistake是可數名詞，故只能選擇修飾可數名詞且表否定意義的few。［即學即練］1.Engineersandworkersarehelpingtorebuildthedamagedcity.A.ManyB.MuchC.AlittleD.Alot2.There’ssauceleftinthebottle.Wouldyougotothecornermarkettoget?A.alittle;someB.alittle;anyC.little;someD.little;any3.Alotofstorybooksareonsale,butaregoodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many4.Thetextiseasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit. A.fewB.afew C.little D.alittle5.Thereisfishleft.Helpyourselftoit. A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew五）one,other,others,theothers,another等的用法○→●（one…theother…）表示只有兩者的情況下，一個與另一個的關系。Ihavetwofriends．Oneisateacherandtheotherisadoctor.○→●●●（one…theothers…）側重列舉多數人或物中的一個與其余全部。Theyhavefourchildren.Oneisagirlandtheothersareboys.○→○○●○○（one….another…）側重在三個或三個以上的人或物中選擇其中任意一個。Idon’tlikethispairofshoes.Wouldyoupleaseshowmeanotherpair？○○○→●●●●（some…theothers…）列舉多數人或物中的一部分和其余全部。Somestudentsarereadingandtheothersaredrawingpictures.○○○→○○●●●（some…others…）列舉多數人或物中的一部分和另一部分的一些（不是全部）。LastSunday,somestudentswenttotheGreatWall.Othersstayedathome.【考題鏈接】—WhataboutthisT-shirt?—Idon’tlikethecolor.Pleaseshowmeone.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.eachother答案：C解題思路：other“另外的”，后面用可數名詞復數；theother兩者中的另一個；another指三者或三者以上中的另一個。題干說不喜歡這件T恤衫的顏色，請再拿一件，賣T恤衫的不可能只有兩件，所以選C。eachother“互相”，不符合題意。［即學即練］1.MrsWhitehastwochildren.isadriver,andisanurse.A.One;anotherB.One;theotherC.One;otherD.One;others2.Remembernottolendthiscomputerto.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another3.Ihavesixcolouredpencils;oneisblue,anotherisred,andaregreen. A.others B.other’s C.other D.theothers4.A:Didallthestudentsinyourclasspassthetest? B:Someofthemdid.didn’t. A.Another B.Theothers C.Someother D.OthersVI.疑問代詞疑問代詞是指5個“wh”：who（誰）,whose（誰的）,whom（誰）,what（什么）,which（哪個）。主要用來構成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞意義作用例句who誰作主語，用來指人Whoisthegirlunderthetree?Whoisnothere?whom誰作賓語，用來指人Whomareyouwritingto?Whomdoyouwanttosee?whose誰的用來指所屬關系，如果作定語，一般后接名詞Whosepenisthis?Whosearethoseshoes?which哪個，哪些用來指人或物在一定范圍限制之內進行選擇Whichgirlwillbeinthemeeting?WhichhatisLily’s?what什么通常指物，一般用在未指出范圍的情況下Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Whatisitintheteacher’sroom?［即學即練］1.—isyourfavoritesportsman?—LiuXiang.A.HowB.WhenC.WhoD.Which2.—Couldyoutellustodonext?—Nothingmore.Let’shavearest.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.how（答題時間：40分鐘）I.用適當的代詞填空。1.用適當的人稱代詞填空。Lily:Jim,couldhelp,please?Jim:What’swrongwith?Lily:thinkmymodelshipisbroken.Jim:Letsee.Lily:Canmend?Jim:Sorry.YoucanaskTomforhelp.2.用適當的物主代詞填空。Linlin:Whoseisthissweater?Itlookslike,Meimei.Meimei:No,itisn’t.Ithinkit’sMary’s.Marycan’tfindsweater.3.用適當的不定代詞填空。⑴—Who’sintheclassroom?—.Allthestudentsareontheplayground.⑵Idon’tknowabouttheaccident.Ihavetodowithit.4.用適當的指示代詞、反身代詞或疑問代詞填空。⑴—IsMrsBrownspeaking?—Yes.Who’s?—isMary.MayIspeaktoJohn?⑵—teachesyouFrench?—Weteach.II.單項選擇﹡1.Pleasecomeinandmakeathome,boys!A.you B.yourself C.yourselves D.yours2.—MypenislostandIcan’tfinditanywhere.—Soyouwillhavetobuy.A.it B.few C.one D.any3.WhenyouseeTomandhissister,tellthatmotheriswaitingforthematthegate.A.his;his B.her;hers C.them;their D.his;her﹡4.—DidLilymakethecakeby?—Yes,shedid.A.yourself B.herself C.myself D.himself5.Thereismilkinmyglass.Couldyougetsomeforme?A.many B.little C.few D.afew﹡6.—Whoknockedatthedoor?—I’venoidea.Ididn’taskwhowas.A.he B.that C.she D.it﹡7.—HowmanymoreorangescanIhave?—Youcanhaveonemore.areforTom.A.TheothersB.Another C.Others D.None8.Bequiet!Ihavetotellyou.A.importantanything B.anythingimportantC.importantsomething D.somethingimportant9.—schoolismuchlargerthan.—Idon’tthinkso.A.Your;our B.Your;ours C.Yours;ours D.Yours;our﹡10.Thepriceofacupofcoffeeishigherthanofaglassoftea.A.it B.those C.one D.that11.—DoyoulikeLucy’snewskirt?—Yes,verymuch.I’llaskMu