課后習題參考答案第一章【參考答案】一、選擇題1.A2.B3.D4.D5.C6.D7.C8.A9.B10.D二、判斷題1.N2.N3.Y4.Y5.N6.Y7.N8.N9.N10.Y三、填空題1．高級語言，匯編語言，機器語言 2.交互方式，文件方式3.help()4.piplist5.input()6.1四、操作題略第二章【參考答案】一、選擇題1.A2.B3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.B9.A10.D二、判斷題1.Y2.Y3.N4.N5.N6.Y7.N8.Y9.Y10.Y三、填空題1.6+2j6+2J2.|3.True4.85.有序6.47.False8.[2,3,2,3,2,3]9.[10,13,16,19]10.(True,5)第三章【參考答案】一、選擇題1.C2.D3.C4.C5.D6.B7.C8.A9.B10.C11.C12.C13.D14.D15.A16.A17.C18.C19.D20.A二、判斷題1.Y2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.N8.N9.Y10.N三、填空題1．_iter_()；_next_()2．break3．1611164．1086425．66．267．1；18．sum=16；4；1；79．死循環；Ctrl+C10．Thereversedwordis:dcba；不可以；Thereversedwordis:abcd。四、編程題1．參考代碼：n=int(input("請輸入一個非負整數："))fac=1whileTrue:ifn>=0:foriinrange(1,n+1):fac*=iprint(fac)breakelse:print("輸入的是負整數，請輸入一個非負整數！")2．參考代碼：importmatha=float(input("請輸入三角形的邊長a："))b=float(input("請輸入三角形的邊長b："))c=float(input("請輸入三角形的邊長c："))ifa+b>candb+c>aanda+c>b:h=(a+b+c)/2s=math.sqrt(h*(h-a)*(h-b)*(h-c))c=a+b+cprint("三角形的面積為：{}，邊長為：{}".format(s,c))else:print("輸入的數據有誤！")3．參考代碼：importrandomt=random.randint(0,9)n=0whileTrue:m=int(input("請輸入一個0～9之間的整數："))n+=1ifm>t:print("很遺憾，太大了！")elifm<t:print("很遺憾，太小了！")else:print("恭喜！猜中了！你一共預測了{}次".format(n))break4．參考代碼：n=9whileTrue:ifn%2==1andn%3==0andn%4==1andn%5==4andn%6==3andn%7==0andn%8==1andn%9==0:print("盒子里面至少有{}顆糖果".format(n))breakelse:n+=1第四章【參考答案】一、選擇題1.B2.C3.A4.B5.D6.B7.A8.B9.B10.D11.C12.D13.D14.D15.C16.C17.C18.A19.D20.C二、判斷題1.Y2.Y3.Y4.N5.N6.N7.N8.N9.Y10.N三、填空題1.['1','2','3']2.0,1,2,3.-14.105.[1,4,7]6.a:97b:98c:997.False8.{1,2}9.’d’10.[3,9,78]四、編程題1.參考代碼：12345n=int(input("請用戶輸入一個整數："))dt={}foriinrange(1,n+1):dt[i]=i*iprint(dt)2.參考代碼：123456789celebrities=[["希臘","索福克勒斯"],["俄羅斯","普希金"],["法國","莫里哀"],["英國","拜倫"],["中國","老子"],["印度","泰戈爾"],["德國","歌德"],["中國","李白"],["法國","德彪西"]]china_people=[]foritemincelebrities:ifitem[0]=="中國":china_people.append(item[1])print(china_people)3.參考代碼：123456789lines=[]whileTrue:s=input("請輸入一行字母序列：")ifs:lines.append(s.upper())else:breakforsentenceinlines:print(sentence)第五章【參考答案】一、選擇題1.B2.C3.B4.BC5.C6.C7.B8.D9.D10.D二、填空題1.單引號雙引號三單引號三雙引號2.不可0遞增-1遞減3.字符串本身4.拼接/字符串的拼接/字符串拼接復制/字符串的復制/字符串復制包含/包含關系判斷/字符串的包含關系判斷5.len()ord()三、編程題1.參考答案：12345s=input("請輸入身份證號：")

ifint(s[-2])%2==0:

print("女")

else:

print("男")2.參考答案：123456str="helloworld"#ldhellowor

a=int(input("請選擇位移的個數："))

s=str[-a::1]

z=str[:-a:1]

b=s+z

print(b)第六章【參考答案】一、選擇題1．D2．D3．C4．D5．C6．D7．C8．B9．B10．B11．D12．B二、填空題1．13，16，152．33．-204．85．-26．97．158．可以9．逗號10．局部，全局三、判斷題1．Y2．Y3．Y4．Y5．Y6．Y7．Y8．N9．Y10．N四、編程題1．參考代碼：12345678defdemo(v,n):asserttype(n)==intand0<v<10,'vmustbeintegerbetween1and9'result,t=0,0foriinrange(n):t=t*10+vresult+=treturnresultprint(demo(3,4))2．參考代碼：12345678910111213141516171819202122232425fromrandomimportrandintdefguess(maxValue=100,maxTimes=5):#隨機生成一個整數value=randint(1,maxValue)foriinrange(maxTimes):prompt='StarttoGuess:'ifi==0else'Guessagain:'#使用異常處理結構，防止輸人不是數字的情況try:x=int(input(prompt))except:print('Mustinputanintegerbetween1and',maxvalue)else:#猜對了ifx==value:print('Congratulations!')breakelifx>value:print('Toobig')else:print('Toolittle')else:#次數用完還沒猜對，游戲結束,提示正確答案print('Gameover.FAIL.')print('Thevalueis',value)guess()3．參考代碼：12345defdemo(m,n):p=m*nwhileman!=0:m,n=n,m%nreturn(n,p//n)4．參考代碼：12345678910defyanghui(t):print([1])line=[1,1]print(line)foriinrange(2,t):r=[]forjinrange(0,len(line)-1):r.append(line[j]+line[j+1])line=[1]+r+[1]print(line)5．參考代碼：123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930defgetText(text):text=text.lower()forchin",.;?-:\'":text=text.replace(ch,"")returntextdefwordFreq(text,topn):words=text.split()#將文本分詞counts={}forwordinwords:counts[word]=counts.get(word,0)+1excludes={'the','and','to','of','a','be'}forwordinexcludes:del(counts[word])#在字典中刪除無意義單詞items=list(counts.items())#將字典轉換為列表，以方便排序items.sort(key=lambdax:x[1],reverse=True)returnitems[:topn]#返回出現頻率前topn的單詞和頻率計數售text='''Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight;“andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether."Thisisourhope,andthisisthefaiththatIgobacktotheSouthwith.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletohewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.'''text=getText(text)forword,freqinwordFreq(text,20):print("{:<10}{:>}".format(word,freq))print('統計結束')第七章【參考答案】一、選擇題1．C2．C3．D4．B5．B6．C7．D8．D9．D10．D11．C12．D13．B14．A15．A16．D二、填空題1．open()2．flush()3．with4．listdir()5．getcwd()6．mkdir()7．（1）os.getcwd()（2）os.listdir()（3）[fnameforfnameinos.listdir('.')iffname.endswith('.py')]（4）os.mkdir(os.getcwd()+'\\t1')（5）os.rename('s.txt',os.getcwd()+'\\t1\\s.txt')（6）os.chdir(os.getcwd()+'\\t1')（7）os.remove('s.txt')三、判斷題1．Y2．N3．Y4．Y5．Y6．Y7．Y8．N9．N10．Y11．Y12．Y13．Y14．N15．Y第八章【參考答案】一、選擇題：1．C2．A3．C4．C5．C6．D7．B二、填空題：1．異常2．單分支選擇3．except4．元組5．finally6．raise7．（1）try:（2）else:（3）list[m:]三、編程題1．參考代碼：123456789101112131415161718#輸入5個整數存于列表，升序排序輸出definnum(list_1):list_1=[]foriinrange(5):try:j=int(input('請輸入一個整數：'))except:print('請輸入整數！')else:list_1.append(j)iflen(list_1)!=5:raiseException('輸入不足五個整數！')else:print("排序后：",sorted(list_1))listnum=[]innum(listnum)2．參考代碼：123456789101112131415161718192021#一元二次方程求兩個實根importmathdeftext(a,b,c):try:ifa==0:raiseValueError('二次項系數不能為0！')ifb*b-4*a*c<=0:raiseException('方程沒有實根！')else:return(a,b,c)exceptExceptionase:print(e)print("輸入一元二次方程各項系數")a=eval(input("輸入a："))b=eval(input("輸入b："))c=eval(input("輸入c："))iftext(a,b,c):print("x1=",(-b+math.sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a))print("x2=",(-b-math.sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a))第九章【參考答案】一、選擇題1．A2．A3．D4．C5．B二、填空題1．pip，pipinstalljieba2．importjieba3．精確，全模式，搜索引擎4．返回類型5．Jieba，add_word(w)6．importjieba，posseg.psg.cut()7．關鍵詞提取，TF-TDF，TextRank8．importwordcloud，WordCloud()，backgroud_color，max_words、stopwords，generate_from_text，generate_from_frequencies9．['我','在','馬路邊','撿','到','一分錢']10．['市','長江大橋','參觀','了','長江大橋']三、編程題1．參考代碼：123456importjiebas=input()n=len(s)m=len(jieba.lcut(s))print(jieba.lcut(s))print("中文字符數為{}，中文詞語數為{}。".format(n,m))2．參考代碼：12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728importjiebaexcludes={"將軍","卻說","荊州","二人","不可","不能","如此","商議","軍士","如何","主公","軍馬","左右","引兵","次日","大喜","天下","東吳","于是","今日","不敢","魏兵","陛下"}txt=open("三國演義.txt","r",encoding='utf-8').read()words=jieba.lcut(txt)#使用精確模式對文本進行分詞counts={}#通過鍵值對的形式存儲詞語及其出現的次數forwordinwords:iflen(word)==1:#單個詞語不計算在內continueelifword=="孔明"orword=="孔明曰":rword="諸葛亮"elifword=="關公"orword=="云長":rword="關羽"elifword=="玄德"orword=="玄德曰":rword="劉備"elifword=="孟德"orword=="丞相":rword="曹操"else:rword=wordcounts[rword]=counts.get(rword,0)+1forwordinexcludes:#剔除不需要統計的詞delcounts[word]items=list(counts.items())#將鍵值對轉換成列表items.sort(key=lambdax:x[1],reverse=True)#根據詞語出現的次數進行從大到小排序foriinrange(15):word,count=items[i]print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word,count))運行結果：曹操1420諸葛亮1366劉備1204關羽779張飛349呂布299孫權264趙云251司馬懿221周瑜218第十章【參考答案】1.參考代碼：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotaspltcost=np.array([[1.2,0.9,1.6],[2.2,1.8,2.9],[1.2,0.9,1.5]])product=np.array([[4500,4000,4200,4500],[3000,3500,3200,3200],[5050,6100,5300,6000]])costall=cost.dot(product)print("該工廠四個季度生產A、B、C三種產品所需的成本總和為{}".format(costall.sum()))print("該工廠第一季度生產A、B、C三種產品所需的成本總和為{}".format(costall[:,0].sum()))foriinrange(4):print("該工廠第{}季度原料總成本為{}萬元,人工總成本為{}萬元,管理總成本為{}萬元".format(i+1,costall[0,i],costall[1,i],costall[2,i]))np.savetxt("cost_pr.csv",costall,fmt='%d',delimiter=',')2.參考代碼：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotaspltimportmatplotlibmatplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='SimHei'#設置中文顯示cost=np.array([[1.2,0.9,1.6],[2.2,1.8,2.9],[1.2,0.9,1.5]])product=np.array([[4500,4000,4200,4500],[3000,3500,3200,3200],[5050,6100,5300,6000]])costall=cost.dot(product)#繪制子圖1plt.subplot(3,1,1)plt.plot([1,2,3,4],product[0,:],[1,2,3,4],product[1,:],[1,2,3,4],product[2,:])plt.xticks([1,2,3,4],["1季度","2季度","3季度","4季度"])plt.xlabel("季度")plt.ylabel("產量")#繪制子圖2plt.subplot(3,1,2)Labels='原料','人工','管理'data=[costall[0,0],costall[1,0],costall[2,0]]Explode=(0,0,0)plt.pie(data,explode=Explode,labels=Labels,autopct='%.2f%%')#繪制子圖3（略）plt.show()第十一章【參考答案】1.編程題123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879"""1、從目標url中提取有用的信息，首先分析所給網頁的信息然后根據內容截取信息打印輸出。url：“/api/pub/v1/bcur?bcur_type=11&year=2021”，網頁內容如圖11-14，打印結果如圖11-15。"""importrequestsfrombs4importBeautifulSoupimportbs4importjsonheader={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/79.0.3945.130Safari/537.36"}#從目標url中提取文本信息函數defgetHtmlText(url):try:r=requests.get(url,headers=header,timeout=40)#設置連接成功提醒r.raise_for_status()#改變編碼方式r.encoding=r.apparent_encodingreturnr.textexcept:return""#在所有文本中提取表格前2列信息#json形式存儲數據：#{"code":200,"msg":"success","data":{"rankings":[],"inds":[],"provinces":[],"univCategorys":[]}}'''我們以清華大學數據為例："data":{"rankings":[{"univUp":"tsinghua-university","univLogo":"logo/27532357.png","univNameCn":"清華大學","univNameEn":"TsinghuaUniversity","inbound":false,"liked":false,"univLikeCount":228,"univTags":["一流大學A類","985","211"],"univNameRemark":"","univCategory":"綜合","province":"北京","score":969.2,"ranking":"1","rankChange":0,"rankOverall":"1","indData":{"159":"37.9","160":"74.3","161":"39.4","162":"48.7","163":"343.0","164":"88.0","165":"37.9","166":"90.8","167":"129.1","168":"80.1"}},...]}'''deffillUnivList(text,num):data=json.loads(text)#print(data)content=data['data']['rankings']#從數據里提取需要的字段ulist=[]foriinrange(num):index=content[i]['rankOverall']#排名name=content[i]['univNameCn']#大學名稱score=content[i]['score']#總分category=content[i]['univCategory']#大學類別ulist.append([index,name,score,category])returnulist#打印提取出的表格信息defprintUnivList(ulist,num):tplt="{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}\t{4:^10}"print(tplt.format("排名","學校","總分",chr(12288),"類型"))#chr(12288)為空格foriinrange(num):u=ulist[i]print(tplt.format(u[0],u[1],u[2],chr(12288),u[3]))defsearchUnivName(ulist):univName=input("請輸入查找的大學名稱：")flag=1forchinulist:ifunivName==ch[1]:tplt="{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}\t{4:^10}"print(tplt.format("排名","學校","總分",chr(12288),"類型"))#chr(12288)為空格print(tplt.format(ch[0],ch[1],ch[2],chr(12288),ch[3]))#主程序defmain():num=10url=r"/api/pub/v1/bcur?bcur_type=11&year=2021"text=getHtmlText(url)ulist=fillUnivList(text,580)printUnivList(ulist,num)flag=input("您需要按大學名稱查詢嗎？(Y，N)：\n")ifflag.upper()=="Y":searchUnivName(ulist)else:print("程序結束！")main()第十二章【參考答案】一、選擇題1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.B8.D9.C10.A二、填空題1.游戲開發2.網絡爬蟲3.WEB開發4.機器學習5.網絡爬蟲編程【或】網絡爬蟲6.圖像處理7.數據分析【或】科學計算8.數據可視化9.HTML解析【或】文本處理10.圖形用戶界面三、編程題1.參考代碼：1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374#繪制佳木斯大學校徽importturtleastt.pensize(5)t.pencolor('green')#繪制菱形t.penup()t.forward(-100)t.pendown()t.right(40)t.fd(200)t.left(80)t.fd(200)t.left(100)t.fd(200)t.left(80)t.fd(200)#繪制內三校合一的塔t.pensize(7)t.penup()t.home()t.fd(53)t.left(90)t.fd(100)t.left(180)t.pendown()t.fd(30)t.right(65)t.fd(30)t.left(63)t.fd(30)t.right(60)t.fd(30)t.penup()t.home()t.fd(53)t.left(90)t.fd(100)t.right(180)t.pendown()t.fd(30)t.left(65)t.fd(30)t.right(63)t.fd(30)t.left(60)t.fd(30)t.p