必修⑤Unit3單元檢測A——語言基礎扎根練＋閱讀理解提速練[語言基礎扎根練]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當形式填空1．Thisreportofferedthemostspecificandaccurate(準確的)descriptionoftheproblems.2．Wearestudyingtoprovethispoint,andithasinitiallybeenconfirmed(證實)．3．Willyoudomeafavour(幫忙)andtellmehowtheInternetworks?4．Dennishasrecentlybegunasuccessfulcareerconducting(指揮)anopera.5．Johnwasadopted(收養)asababy;heneverknewhisnaturalparents.6．Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences(結果)sodobecareful.7．Wearelookingforsomeonewhoisreliable(可靠的)andhard-working.8．Innocaseshouldwesacrificeprinciplesforeconomicprofits(利潤)．9．Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajority(大多數)ofthemitteemembersareagainstit.10．Americanfootballisquitedifferentfromtheordinary(普通的)football.11．Goingtocollegebroughtaboutadramatictransformation(transform)inheroutlook.12．Ican'tmakethatdecisionforyou,youwillhavetouseyourjudgement(judge)．13．Carefulconsideration(consider)shouldbegiventoissuesofhealthandsafety.14．It'sbetterforthegovernmenttoattachmoreimportancetotheoriginal(origin)inventionsofallkinds.15．Someeconomistsshowedtheiranxiety(anxious)onthepresentunemployment.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Therearemuchthan50peopleattendingthemeetingtodiscusstheheatedquestion.much→more2．Thesamecognitive(認知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhaveadoptedbyadultscientists.have后加been3．Hearingastrangenoise,thepoorman,tremblingandfrightening,ranoutofthedarkcave.frightening→frightened4．Inaconsequenceofhisillhealth,helosttheopportunity.去掉a5．Strictlyspeaking,youshouldn'tenterthelabwithoutthepermission.去掉第二個the6．One-thirdofthecountryiscoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensisblackpeople.第二個is→are7．Fortheonehand,carsareveryuseful.Butontheotherhand,theycauseahugeamountofpollution,whichdoesharmtotheenvironment.For→On8．Themajorityofstudentswasindifferenttothepoliticalmeeting.was→were9．It'sverykindofyoutodoafavourtomebylettingmegetoutoftrouble.第二個to→for10．Nooneputforwardanythingbetterthantheplannowundertheconsideration.去掉第二個theⅢ.翻譯句子1．所有出席會議的人都贊成該計劃。(infavourof)All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.2．他恐嚇人們按他的意愿行事。(frightensb.into)He_frightened_people_into_doing_what_he_wanted.3．我很遺憾地告訴你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不把你解雇。(inconsequenceof,dismiss)I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.4．她決定成為一名畫家，和她外公一樣。(followinone'sfootsteps)Shedecidestobeeapainter,followinginhergrandfather'sfootsteps.5．在我遇到麻煩的時候，他過去常常是第一個來幫助我的人。(序數詞＋todo)He_used_to_be_the_first_to_offer_me_help_when_I_met_with_problems.Ⅳ.句型轉換/句式升級1．Couldyoudomeafavourtotakethesecushionsin?→Couldyoudoafavourformetotakethesecushionsin?2．Thankstoscientistsandinventors,todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.→Thankstoscientistsandinventors,todayweprofitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.3．ThemountainouscountryissobeautifulthatIcan'tdescribeit.→The_beauty_of_the_mountainous_country_is_more_than_I_can_describe.(morethan)4．Aftertheytakeeverythingintoconsideration,theytrustedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.①Having_taken_everything_into_consideration,_they_trusted_themselves_more_and_returned_to_their_positions.(用分詞作狀語)②Everything_taken_into_consideration,_they_trusted_themselves_more_and_returned_to_their_positions.(獨立主格結構)[閱讀理解提速練]ATheidealrelationshipbetweenbrothersandsistersisobviouslydifferentfromtherealisticrelationshipsthatexistbetweenbrothersandsisters.Anyonewhohashadeitherabrother,asisterorbothwillknowalittlebitaboutsibling_rivalry.Siblingrivalrydoesnotnecessarilystemfrom(源于)thedesiretobethe“favorite”amongone'sparents.Infact,siblingrivalrycanalsobeattributedtoasortofnaturalpetitionthatarisesbetweenpeople,especiallythoselivingclosetooneanother.Perhaps,ithassomethingtodowithmaturity(成熟).Maturityfocusesonone'srelationships,eventhosebetweensiblings.Whetherornotmaturityhelpscreatefriendlytermsbetweensiblingsisnotentirelyclear,butitisapparentthatmaturityhelpstoexplainwhysiblingstakefocusawayfromcreatingantagonism(對立).Iftheoldsaying,“Bloodisthickerthanwater”，isappliedtosiblingrelationships,wefindthatgeneticrelationshipscanenhancesocialrelationships.So,evenifwewantsiblingrelationshipstobepeacefulandloving,wecannotexpectthosefriendlytermstoexistalways.Whatisimportantinthistypeofrelationshipistheconceptofforgiveness.Forgivenesscanhealanywound,andinthecaseofsiblingrelationships,itcanbethepathtoalifeoftogethernessandsolidarity(團結)．Therefore,itisentirelytruethatwecannotpickandchoosewhoisinourfamily.But,wecanlearntolivetogetherpeaceablydespiteourdifferences.Thisnotonlyappliestosiblingrelationships,buttoallrelationshipsingeneral.語篇解讀：手足之爭不一定是源于希望得到父母更多的愛，還可能是出于一種人與人之間的自然競爭。本文作者對這一現象產生的原因及其發展和影響進行了分析和解讀。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“siblingrivalry”inParagraph1mean?A．Siblingspetingformorelovefromtheirparents.B．Parentshardlytreatingtheirchildrenequally.C．Peoplelikingtoliveclosetooneanother.D．Studentsworkinghardtogetherattheirlessons.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據上下文(第一段第一句到第三句)的意思可知，siblingrivalry在此處指“手足之爭”，即兄弟姐妹們爭相得到父母更多的愛。2．Accordingtotheauthor,therelationshipsbetweensiblingswillbee________.A．moredifficulttodealwithB．moreandmoreimportantC．worseandworseD．betterandbetter解析：選D細節理解題。根據第二段第二、三句可知，兄弟姐妹之間的敵意不會持續下去，他們之間的關系會變得越來越好。由下文的論述也可得知答案。3．Whichofthefollowingcanleadtoapeacefulandsolidlife?A．Theconceptofdetermination.B．Thequalityofforgiveness.C．Thefriendlyrelationships.D．Thespiritofbravery.解析：選B細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句可知，原諒對穩固家庭關系很有幫助，有利于促進家庭的和睦與團結。4．Whatshouldwedoifwewanttobuildgoodrelationships?A．Tryourbesttochooseoutgoingsiblings.B．Bealwaysreadytohelpeachother.C．Acceptallthedifferentpersonalities.D．Trytobequitedifferentfromothers.解析：選C細節理解題。根據最后一段第二句可知，接受各自的不同個性是建立良好關系的關鍵。BThemostplexobjectknowntohumanityisthehumanbrain—andnotonlyisitplex,butitisoneofthefewnaturalphenomenathatsciencehasnoconsciousnessof.Totrytoreplicate(復制)somethingthatissopoorlyunderstoodmaythereforeseemlikepride.Butyouhavetostartsomewhere,andInternationalBusinessMachines(IBM)andtheEcolePolytechniqueFederaledeLausanne(EPFL),inSwitzerland,proposetostartbyreplicating“insilico”，oneofthebrain'sbuildingblocks.Inapartnershipannounced,thetwoorganizationssaidtheywouldbeworkingtogethertobuildasimulation(模擬)ofastructureknownasaneo-cortical(新大腦皮質的)columnonatypeofIBMsuperputerthatiscurrentlyusedtostudythemolecularfunctioningofgenes.Ifthatworks,theyplantousemorepowerfulputerstolinksuchsimulatedcolumnstogetherintosomethingthatmimics(模仿)abrain.Inarealbrain,aneo-corticalcolumnisacylindrical(圓柱形的)elementaboutathirdofamillimeterindiameterandthreemillimeterslong.Itisthesecolumns,arrangedsidebysidelikethecellsofahoneyb,whichmakeupthefamous“greymatter”thathasbeeshorthandforhumanintelligence.TheBlueGene/Lsuperputerthatwillbeusedforthesimulationconsistsofenoughindependentprocessorsforeachtobeprogrammedtomimicanindividualnervecellinacolumn.TheEPFL'scontributiontotheBlueBrainProjectwillbetocreateadigitaldescriptionofhowthecolumnsbehave.ThedatabasefromitsBrainMindInstitutewillprovidetherawmaterialforthesimulation.Biologistsandputerscientistswillthenconnecttheartificialnervecellsupinawaythatmimicsnature.Theywilldosobyassigningelectricalproperties(電能)tothem,andtellingthemhowtomunicatewitheachotherandhowtheyshouldmodifytheirconnectionswithoneanotherdependingontheiractivity.That_will_be_no_mean_feat.Evenasinglenervecellisplicated,notleastbecauseeachonehasabout10,000connectionswithothers.Andnervecellseingreatvariety—relying,forexample,ondifferentchemicaltransmitterstocarrymessagesacrossthoseconnections.Eventually,however,adigitalrepresentationofanentirecolumnshouldoccur.AssumingthatthegrowthofputingpowercontinuestofollowMoore'sLaw,theleaderofIBM'ssidethinksitshouldbepracticaltomimicanentirehumanbraininsilicothiswayintentofifteenyears.Suchanartificialbrainwould,ofcourse,beapowerfulresearchtool.Itwouldallowneurologicalexperimentsthatcurrentlytakedaysina“weblab”tobeconductedinseconds.Theresearchershopethattheirsimulatedbrainwillrevealthesecretsofhowcertainpsychiatricandneurological,disordersdevelop.Butthatisprobablynottherealreasonfordoingit.Themostinterestingquestion,surely,iswhethersuchanartificialbrainwillbeintelligent,orconscious,orboth.語篇解讀：對于人類來說，人腦是已知的最復雜的物體，也是科學無法解釋的自然現象之一。國際商業機器公司和瑞士洛桑聯邦理工學院嘗試使用超級計算機模擬新皮質柱從而來模仿人腦。研究人員希望借此來探索人造大腦將會有什么功能，這樣的人造大腦是否是智能的或者有意識的，還是二者兼而有之。5．Inarealbrain,aneo-corticalcolumn________.A．lookslikethecellsofahoneybB．isasimulationof