高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南師大附中2025屆高三下學期英語模擬試卷二第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ASeastoriesaresomethingthatfascinateseverythingrightfromchildhood.Seaismysteriousforallofusandstoriesrelatedtoitaresuretogeteveryonekeenandinterested.Seastoriesareaperfectmixofmystery,adventure,thrill,aweandexcitement.So,herewepresentourpickofthebestfourseastoriesofalltimesinEnglishliterature.MobyDickbyHermanMelvilleThisbookisnottobemissedbyallwholoveseastories.Thisisthemostfamousbookaboutwhalingthateverwas.MelvillegotinspiredtowritethisbookwhenhewasshippingaboardaYankee(北方佬)whaler.Thethree-partclimaxisthemostlovedpartofthebook.Kon-TikibyThorHeyerdahlInthisbook,themissionofHeyerdahlistoprovethatSouthAmericanIndianshavetheoptionofmigratingtoPolynesia.Heandhiscrewstandonalightraftandtakeoneofthegreatestreal-lifeseaepicsofalltimes.TreasureIslandbyRobertLouisStevensonThisisthegrandworkofallseastories.Writtenin1883,thisadventurenovelnarratesataleof“piratesandburiedgold”.Itisoneofthemostpopularseanovelsofalltimesanditsinfluenceonpopularperceptionofpirateswitheyepatchesandone-legsailorswithparrotsontheirshouldersisdominatingtheworldliteratureandmovieseventoday.SailingAloneAroundtheWorldbyJoshuaSlocumSlocumisaCanadianwhoisprobablythelastofthegreatAmericansailor.Hisfameliesinthefactthathesailedhisvessel,theSpray,inanunassistedsailboat.Thisbookisdefinitelyamongthebestofthereal-lifeseaadventures.1.WhatdotheworksbyHeyerdahlandSlocumhaveincommon?A.Theyhavethree-partclimaxes.B.Theyfocusonsailingandwhaling.C.TheirauthorsareCanadiansailors.D.Theyarebasedontheauthors’realexperiences.2.Ifareaderwantstoreadstoriesaboutpirates,whichbookcanheorshechoose?A.MobyDick. B.Kon-Tiki.C.TreasureIsland. D.SailingAloneAroundtheWorld.3.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Abookguide. B.Anacademicreport.C.Aconferencenotice. D.Afashionmagazine.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了四部經典的海洋題材文學作品，包括《白鯨記》、《孤筏重洋》、《金銀島》和《獨自環球航行》，分別概述了它們的核心內容和文學價值。【1題詳析】細節理解題。根據“Kon-Tiki

byThorHeyerdahl”部分中“Heandhiscrewstandonalightraftandtakeoneofthegreatestreal-lifeseaepicsofalltimes.(他和他的船員們站在一艘輕便的木筏上，上演了有史以來最偉大的真實海上史詩之一。)”以及“SailingAloneAroundtheWorld

byJoshuaSlocum”部分中“SlocumisaCanadianwhoisprobablythelastofthegreatAmericansailor.Hisfameliesinthefactthathesailedhisvessel,theSpray,inanunassistedsailboat.(斯洛克姆是加拿大人，很可能是最后一位偉大的美國航海家。他的名聲源于他獨自駕駛單桅帆船‘斯普雷號’完成航行的壯舉。)”可知，兩本書均基于作者真實航海經歷。故選D。【2題詳析】細節理解題。根據“TreasureIsland

byRobertLouisStevenson”部分中“Writtenin1883,thisadventurenovelnarratesataleof“piratesandburiedgold”.(這部創作于1883年的冒險小說講述了一個關于‘海盜與藏寶’的故事。)”及“itsinfluenceonpopularperceptionofpirateswitheyepatchesandone-legsailorswithparrotsontheirshouldersisdominatingtheworldliteratureandmovieseventoday(它是有史以來最受歡迎的海洋小說之一，它對戴著眼罩的海盜和肩膀上有鸚鵡的獨腿水手的大眾認知的影響直到今天仍然主導著世界文學和電影。)”可知，該書以海盜為主題，如果一個讀者想讀關于海盜的故事，他或她可以選擇《金銀島》（TreasureIsland）一書。故選C。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“So,herewepresentourpickofthebestfourseastoriesofalltimesinEnglishliterature.(因此，我們在此精選了英語文學史上最杰出的四部海洋故事呈現給大家。)”以及下文內容可知，文章推薦四部海洋題材的文學作品，并簡要介紹各書特色，符合書籍推薦指南的特征。故選A。BYouTubephenomenonIShowSpeed’srecentwhirlwindtourofChinahasunexpectedlyevolvedintoamasterclassinculturaldiplomacy(外交)that’sgainingmillionsofviewsandchallengingWesternperceptionsofChina.The19-year-oldstreamer,withhis37millionfollowers,hasbecomeanaccidentalambassadorforChinesesoftpowerthroughhisexplorationofBeijingandShanghai.Speed’slivestreamsfromChinahavecapturedglobalattention,ashebouncedbetweeniconiclandmarksliketheGreatWallandengagedwithlocalsinimpromptu(即興的，無準備的)interactions.Hisviralmoments—likeperformingbackflipsattheGreatWallorchallenginglocalstoping-pongmatches—havegeneratedunprecedentedinterestinChinesecultureamongyoungglobalaudiences.HiscontenthascreatedararecrossovermomentbetweenWesternandChinesesocialmediaecosystems.China’sstatemedialikeGlobalTimeshavehighlightedhowhisstreamsrepresentanewformofculturalexchange,capturingaudiencesinwaysconventionalmediacannot.ThetourcoincidesperfectlywithChina’seffortstorevitalizetourismandreshapeitsglobalimage.ChineseofficialshavestrategicallyembracedSpeed’svisit,seeingitasanopportunitytopresentamorenuancedviewofthecountry.Speed'slivestreamsvividlyreflectallaspectsofordinaryChinesepeople’sdailylives.ThecommentsectionsofhisvideosarefilledwithviewersexpressingsurpriseatChina’smodernityandthewarmthofitspeople—perceptionsthatdiffermarkedlyfromtypicalWesternmediaportrayals.Whileskepticsmightquestionwhethersuchvisitsrepresentauthenticculturalexchangeorcarefullyorchestratedsoftpower,theimpactonviewersremainssignificant.There’salsoopenacknowledgmentfromthelikesofShaunRein,thefounderandManagingDirectoroftheChinaMarketResearchGroup,whohaswrittennumerousbooksthatpromoteChina’scultureonaglobalscale.Reinexclaimed,“SpeedhasdonemoretohelpChina’ssoftpowerinonedaythanIhaveinmy30-yearcareer.AllhailSpeed.”IShowSpeed’sChinaadventuresdemonstratehowindividualcontentcreatorscanbridgeculturaldividesinwaystraditionaldiplomacyoftenfailstoachieve.4.WhatcanweknowaboutSpeedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heisassignedasanambassadorincultureexchange.B.HisvideosconcentrateontraditionalChineseculture.C.Hehasshownanintenseinterestinhistoricalsites.D.HisvideosofferamorecomprehensiveviewofChina.5.WhatmainlymadeSpeed’sChinatripviral?A.HisinsightfulperceptionsofChineseculture.B.HisofficialrecognitionbyChineseauthorities.C.Hismassivefanbaseandauthenticengagement.D.Hismasteryinbackflipskillsandping-pong.6.Theunderlinedword“nuanced”inparagraph4mostlikelymeans______.A.restful B.detailed C.beautified D.cautious7.WhydoesthepassageincludeShaunRein’scommentaboutSpeed’simpact?A.ToshowcaseexpertproofofSpeed’ssoftpowereffect.B.ToexpressskepticismaboutSpeed’sculturalinfluence.C.TodemonstratethevalueofpromotingChina’simage.D.Tohighlighttheinefficiencyoftraditionaldiplomacy.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講述了YouTube網紅IShowSpeed(甲亢哥)的中國之旅意外成為文化外交的典范，通過他的視頻向全球觀眾展示了中國更全面、真實的形象，挑戰了西方對中國的刻板印象。【4題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段“The19-year-oldstreamer,withhis37millionfollowers,hasbecomeanaccidentalambassadorforChinesesoftpowerthroughhisexplorationofBeijingandShanghai.(這位19歲的主播擁有3700萬粉絲，通過對北京和上海的探索，他意外成為了中國軟實力的大使。)”和第二段“Hisviralmoments—likeperformingbackflipsattheGreatWallorchallenginglocalstoping-pongmatches—havegeneratedunprecedentedinterestinChinesecultureamongyoungglobalaudiences.(他的走紅時刻——比如在長城表演后空翻，或者挑戰當地人參加乒乓球比賽——在全球年輕觀眾中引發了對中國文化前所未有的興趣。)”可知，Speed的視頻并非刻意聚焦傳統文化或歷史遺址，而是通過真實互動展現了中國更全面的面貌。故選D。【5題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段中“Speed’slivestreamsfromChinahavecapturedglobalattention,ashebouncedbetweeniconiclandmarksliketheGreatWallandengagedwithlocalsinimpromptu(即興的，無準備的)interactions.(Speed在中國的直播吸引了全球的關注，他在長城等標志性建筑之間蹦蹦跳跳，與當地人即興互動。)”和第三段中“HiscontenthascreatedararecrossovermomentbetweenWesternandChinesesocialmedia.(他的內容實現了中西社交媒體的罕見破圈。)”可知，爆紅主因是其龐大的粉絲基礎和真實互動，而非官方認可或特定技能。故選C。【6題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據文章第四段中“ChineseofficialshavestrategicallyembracedSpeed’svisit,seeingitasanopportunitytopresentamorenuancedviewofthecountry.(中國官員戰略性地接納了Speed的訪問，將其視為展示更“nuanced”國家形象的機會。)”及后文“reflectallaspectsofordinaryChinesepeople’sdailylives(反映普通人生活的方方面面)”可推斷，中國官員向Speed展示了普通人的生活的方方面面，這都是細微的方面。由此可推斷，劃線單詞“nuanced”應指“細致入微的”。故選B。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第五段中“Reinexclaimed,“SpeedhasdonemoretohelpChina’ssoftpowerinonedaythanIhaveinmy30-yearcareer.AllhailSpeed.”(Rein感嘆道：“Speed在一天內為中國的軟實力所做的貢獻比我30年職業生涯中的貢獻還要多。全速前進。”)”可推知，引用專家言論是為了佐證Speed的實際影響力。故選A。CIfsomeoneaskedyouiftreescouldtalktoeachother,youmightsayno.Butscientistsarelisteningtotreesinwholenewways.Nowtheythinktheanswertothatquestionisyes.Treesdon’twhispertoeachotheronthewind.Theytalktoeachotherwiththehelpoffungi(mushrooms)deepunderground.Scientistssometimescallthisthe“woodwideweb”,becauseit'sabitlikeaninternetfortrees.Howdoesitwork?Imaginefollowingatreerootdeepunderground.Younoticethattherootsarecoveredinfinewhitefuzzthatstretchesoutintothesoil,likeacottonyweb.Didspidersdothis?No,thewhitethreadsarehyphae,theundergroundpartofmushrooms.Thehyphae’sjobistosoakupmineralsandwaterfromthesoil.Thefungiusesomethemselvesandpasssometothetreestheystickto.Inexchange,theysipsomeofthesugarthetreesmake.Thesethinfungus(fungi的單數形式)threadscanconnectmanytrees,stretchingformilesunderground.Andtreescanusethefungusnetworktoexchangefoodandchemicalswitheachother—atreeformoftalking.Scientistsdiscoveredthiswhentheywerestudyinghowcarbontravelsthroughatree.Theyfedonetreeaspecialkindofcarbondioxide,andmeasuredwhereitwentintherootsandleaves.Totheirsurprise,theyalsofoundthespecialcarbonintherootsofnearbytrees—evenofcompletelydifferentspecies.Thetreesweresharing!Treesinaforestcanusetheundergroundfungusnetworktohelpeachother.Theysendextrasugaralongtoneighborswhoaresickorinjuredordon’tgetenoughsun.Theycanalsousethenetworktowarneachotherofdanger.Ifatreeisbeingbittenbybugs,itgeneratessomethingpoisonoustodriveawaybugs.Othertreestastethisthroughthefungusnetwork.Thenitsneighborsalsostartmakingpoison,beforethebugsarrive.Thatway,allthetreeswillsurvive.Treescanalsosoundthealarmwithscents.InAfrica,whenagiraffechewsonanacaciatree,theleavesreleaseethylene(乙烯)gas.Leavesonothertreesbreatheintheethylene,whichmotivatesthemtofilltheirleaveswithpoison.Giraffeswalkrightpastthemandsnackonanothertreefartheraway.Sothoughtreesmaybequietgiants,theycansayplenty,ifyouknowhowtolisten.8.Howcantreescommunicatewitheachother?A.Withthehelpofwind. B.ViatheInternet.C.Withtheaidoffungi. D.Byexchangingfoodandsugar.9.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Spidersmakewebstohelpwithtrees’communication.B.Fungitakeinsugarandmineralsfromthetrees.C.Treescanexchangefoodandchemicalswithfungi.D.Thefactthattreescansharewitheachotherwasfoundaccidentally.10.Whatisparagraph6mainlyabout?A.Treescanexaminewhethertheirneighborsaresickorinjured.B.Treescanproducesomethingspecialtoprotectthemselves.C.Treescanhelpeachotherinaninvisibleway.D.Treescanhelppreventtheirneighborsfrombugbiting.11.Whydoestheauthormentiongiraffesinparagraph7?A.Tocallonustoprotectwildanimals.B.Totellusanotherwayusedbytreestowarnneighbortrees.C.Toshowustheinformationthatgiraffesareparticularabouttheleaves.D.Totellusthatgiraffescanmotivatetreestoreleasesomethingpoisonous.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說明文，主要講述了科學家發現樹木之間可以通過地下真菌網絡進行交流的現象，包括分享養分、傳遞危險信號等。【8題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段中“Theytalktoeachotherwiththehelpoffungi(mushrooms)deepunderground.(它們通過深埋地下的真菌互相交流)”可知，樹木的交流方式是借助真菌完成的。故選C。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第五段“Scientistsdiscoveredthiswhentheywerestudyinghowcarbontravelsthroughatree.Theyfedonetreeaspecialkindofcarbondioxide,andmeasuredwhereitwentintherootsandleaves.Totheirsurprise,theyalsofoundthespecialcarbonintherootsofnearbytrees—evenofcompletelydifferentspecies.Thetreesweresharing!(科學家們在研究碳如何在樹木中傳輸時發現了這一現象。他們給一棵樹施以一種特殊的二氧化碳，并測量了其在根部和葉片的分布位置。令他們驚訝的是，他們還在附近樹木的根部發現了這種特殊的碳——甚至是完全不同的樹種。樹木在共享！)”可推知，樹木之間能夠互相分享的現象是科學家偶然發現的。故選D。【10題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第六段中關鍵句“Treesinaforestcanusetheundergroundfungusnetworktohelpeachother.(森林中的樹木可以利用地下的真菌網絡互相幫助。)”可知，本段主要描述樹木通過地下真菌網絡互相幫助，例如為生病或受傷的鄰居提供額外糖分，以及傳遞危險信號。因此，本段主旨是樹木能以隱蔽的方式互相支持。故選C。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第七段中“Treescanalsosoundthealarmwithscents.InAfrica,whenagiraffechewsonanacaciatree,theleavesreleaseethylene(乙烯)gas.

Leavesonothertreesbreatheintheethylene,whichmotivatesthemtofilltheirleaveswithpoison.(樹木也可以用氣味發出警報。在非洲，當長頸鹿咀嚼一棵金合歡樹時，樹葉會釋放乙烯氣體。其他樹木的葉子吸入乙烯，促使它們在自己的葉子中充滿毒素。)”可推知，作者提到長頸鹿是為了說明樹木還能通過氣味傳遞警告信號。故選B。DDietscomeanddietsgo.Oneofthemostpopulartodayis“intermittentfasting”,whichlimitsone’sfoodintaketocertaintimewindows.Onepopularvariant,the“5-2diet”,requireseatingeitherverysmallamounts,ornothingatall,ontwodaysaweek,butallowsnormaleatingontheotherfive.Asaweight-lossstrategy,intermittentfastingissimple—nocaloriecountingormajordietarychanges.Limitingtherestrictionstoacoupleofdaysaweek,orseveralhoursadayalsorequireslesswillpower,whichmightmakeiteasiertostickwith.NicholaLudlam-Raine,adietitianandspokeswomanfortheBritishDieteticAssociation,notesthatintermittentfastingseemstoworkroughlyaswellforweightlossastraditionalcalorie-countingdoes.Beyondweightmanagement,animalstudiessuggestfastingmayextendlifespanbyupto40%,slowaging,andreducecancerrisk.Exactlyhowitdoesallthatisnotentirelyclear.Oneimportantfactorseemstobeautophagy(細胞自噬),theprocessbywhichcellsbreakdownandrecyclepartsofthemselves.Thehopeisthatintermittentfastingmighthaveasimilarresponseinhumans,sincewesharethesebiologicalresponseswithotheranimals.Butrunningdefinitivehumantrialsofthesortdoneonlabanimalsisimpossible.“Whenwesay‘calorierestriction’wemeannearlystarving[theanimals],”saysAdamCollins,anutritionresearcherattheUniversityofSurrey.Currentresearchonintermittentfastingreliesonlimited,short-termstudiesusingmoderatebiomarkerslikeinsulin(胰島素)/cholesterol(膽固醇)levels.Theirresultsaremixed.AreviewpaperpublishedinApril2024lookedat23otherstudiesandconcludedthatintermittentfastingwasslightlybetterthanordinarydietingforoverweightpeoplewhenitcametoimprovinglevelsofcholesterolandinsulin.Asimilararticle,publishedinJanuary,foundnomeaningfuldifferenceforeitherweightlossorcardiovascular(心血管的)health.Therearealsorisks.AstudyinmicepublishedinNatureinOctober2024foundthatseverefasting(wherecalorieswerecutby40%)haddownsides,includingmusclemasslossand,possibly,weakenedimmunesystems.Moderation,too,shouldbetakeninmoderation.12.Whichofthefollowingispracticingintermittentfasting?A.Anathletestrictlycontrollingfatintakeasthecoachrequires.B.ATVhostweighingallfoodtocountcaloriesbeforeeating.C.Anofficeworkertryingtoloseweightbyeatingonly2mealseveryday.D.AclerkonregularmealsbutskippingmealsonMondaysandThursdays.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Fastingaffectshumansandanimalsinthesameway.B.Calorierestrictionforanimalsismilderthanforhumans.C.Humantrialslikeanimalonesforintermittentfastingareno-gos.D.Autophagyplaysadefiniteroleinexplainingthebenefitsoffasting.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsintermittentfasting?A.Enthusiastic. B.Subjective. C.Favorable. D.Impartial.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheSecretsofFasting:AScientificWarningB.IntermittentFasting:APopularbutMysteriousDietC.CalorieCountingvs.Fasting:WhichWorksBetter?D.FromAnimaltoHuman:TheScienceBehindFasting【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了間歇性禁食（intermittentfasting）這一流行的飲食方式，包括其具體做法、可能的健康益處、相關研究結果以及潛在風險。【12題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段中“Onepopularvariant,the‘5-2diet’,requireseatingeitherverysmallamounts,ornothingatall,ontwodaysaweek,butallowsnormaleatingontheotherfive.(一種流行的變體“5-2飲食法”要求每周有兩天只吃極少量的食物或完全不吃，但其他五天可以正常進食)”可知，間歇性禁食的核心是“特定時間禁食，其他時間正常飲食”。選項D“一名職員平時正常吃飯，但周一和周四禁食”符合這一描述。故選D。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段中“Butrunningdefinitivehumantrialsofthesortdoneonlabanimalsisimpossible.(但像對實驗室動物那樣對人類進行明確的試驗是不可能的)”可推知，像動物實驗那樣對人類進行間歇性禁食的嚴格試驗是不可行的。故選C。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。全文作者既提到間歇性禁食的潛在益處（如減肥、延長壽命等），也提到研究結果的不確定性（“Theirresultsaremixed”）和潛在風險（如肌肉流失、免疫系統減弱），并未表現出明顯的傾向性。因此，作者的態度是客觀中立的。選項D“Impartial(公正的)”符合文意。故選D。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了間歇性禁食這種流行的飲食方式，包括它的具體模式、作為減肥策略的優點、在動物研究中的潛在益處等，但它是怎樣達到這些功效的尚未揭曉，說明它是一種受歡迎但又比較神秘的飲食方式，選項B“IntermittentFasting:APopularbutMysteriousDiet(間歇性禁食：流行但神秘的飲食法)”最能概括全文主旨。故選B。第二節(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whilecompliments(贊揚)mayseemsimple,theycanhavealargeimpactonyouandthepeoplearoundyou,creatingarippleofpositivity.However,givingcomplimentsrequiresskillsandknowledge.Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.___16___Abouttwo-thirdsofcomplimentsintheUSaremadeusingjustfiveadjectives:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,andgreat.Inaddition,about80%ofcomplimentsfollowthreeformats.SoifIlikedabookyouwroteandwantedtosaysomethingpositiveaboutit,mycomplimentwouldprobablyfollowoneofthesebasicpatterns:“Yourbookisgreat,”“Iloveyourbook,”or“Thatisaterrificbook.”___17___Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefarmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen'scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.___18___Whetherthecomplimentiseffectivedependsonwhetheritisbelievable,appropriate,andunqualified.___19___Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.Moregenerally,peoplewithlowself-esteemdon’tusuallyreceivecomplimentswell.Asresearchershaveshown,inpeoplewithhighself-esteem,acomplimentstimulatespartsofthebrainresponsibleforself-referentialthinking.Thisoccurssignificantlylessforpeoplewhohavelowself-esteem.Evenifacomplimentagreeswithone’sself-image,scholarsconcluded,itmustmeetthreecriteriatobeacceptedbyitsobject.___20___Itmustbesincere.Anditmustoccurintheappropriatecontext.A.Theymustfollowthebasicpatterns.B.Peopletendtodismisspraisefromthosetheydislike.C.Thepraisemustcomefromapersonwhoistrustworthy.D.Agoodcomplimentmustmatchitsreceiver’sself-image.E.Theytypicallyfocusonappearance,abilities,orbelongings.F.Whatwechoosetocomplimentvariesbetweenmenandwomen.G.Men,however,oftenpraiseeachotherbasedonskillsinanysituation.【答案】16.E17.F18.G19.D20.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要探討贊揚的作用、模式、性別差異以及有效贊揚的標準。【16題詳析】前文提到“Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.(大多數贊揚遵循可預測的模式)”，后文“Abouttwo-thirdsofcomplimentsintheUSaremadeusingjustfiveadjectives:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,andgreat.(美國約三分之二的贊美僅使用五個形容詞：好、不錯、漂亮、美麗、太棒了。)”舉例說明美國三分之二的贊揚使用五個形容詞和三種固定句式。由此可知，空處應總結贊揚的常見內容。E項“它們通常聚焦于外貌、能力或所屬物”與上下文形成總分關系，概括了后文具體例證的內容，故選E。【17題詳析】后文“Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefarmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen’scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.(例如2011年有學者指出，在非結構化場景中，女性給予和接收的贊美遠多于男性。在非正式場合，女性間約75%的贊美涉及外貌；而在目標明確的正式場合，68%的表揚與工作表現相關。)”通過2011年學者研究數據，對比男女在不同場景中給予/接收贊揚的差異（如女性更多贊美外貌）。空處需引出性別差異的主題。F項“我們選擇贊美的內容因性別而異”與后文形成因果關系，故選F。【18題詳析】前文“Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefarmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen’scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.(例如2011年有學者指出，在非結構化場景中，女性給予和接收的贊美遠多于男性。在非正式場合，女性間約75%的贊美涉及外貌；而在目標明確的正式場合，68%的表揚與工作表現相關。)”指出在非結構化場景中，女性給予和接收的贊美遠多于男性，并進一步討論女性在非正式場合多贊美外貌，正式場合多贊美表現；空處應該承接上文，進一步闡述女性給予和接收的贊美遠多于男性。G項“然而，男性在任何情境下都傾向于基于技能互相贊美”與前文形成性別對比，故選G。【19題詳析】前文“Whetherthecomplimentiseffectivedependsonwhetheritisbelievable,appropriate,andunqualified.(贊美是否有效取決于它是否可信、恰當且無條件)”提出有效贊揚需“可信、恰當、無條件”，后文以“Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.Moregenerally,peoplewithlowself-esteemdon’tusuallyreceivecomplimentswell.(如果你夸我發型好看，我會拒絕接受并懷疑你的動機，因為我頭發稀疏。)”用“頭發贊美”的反例說明贊美需符合對方自我認知。空處應強調自我形象匹配的重要性。D項“好的贊美必須符合接收者的自我形象”是后文例證的理論前提，故選D。【20題詳析】前文“Evenifacomplimentagreeswithone’sself-image,scholarsconcluded,itmustmeetthreecriteriatobeacceptedbyitsobject.

(即使贊美符合自我認知，學者們總結它仍需滿足三個條件才能被接受。)”指出贊美需滿足三個標準，后文“Itmustbesincere.Anditmustoccurintheappropriatecontext.(它必須真誠，且發生在合適的語境中。)”補充“必須真誠”和“情境恰當”。空處需填入第三個標準。C項“贊美需來自可信之人”與后文并列構成三個條件（可信來源、真誠、恰當情境），故選C。第三部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WebeganthebustripswhenIwasaroundsevenyearsold.Backthen,welivedatourgrandparents’houseinOceanside,California.Financeswere___21___sincemyfatherhadretiredfromtheAirForceandhadyettofindsteadyemployment.Inaddition,wewerestrugglingtofinda(n)___22___placetocallourown.Isupposeitwouldhavebeeneasyto___23___tofrustration.Butmymomhadotherideas,usingthesituationtogivemybrotherJessandme___24___memoriesthatwouldaffectourperspectiveforever.Thepublictransportationsystemnearourgrandparents’housewasremarkably___25___.Foraverylowfee,itwaspossibletopurchaseaticketthatallowedriderstohopaboardallthebusestheywantedthroughoutanentireday.Mymom___26___thissystemwell,andshewould___27___ustoawidevarietyofdestinations.Amongourmost___28___pointsofinterestwasthemallinCarlsbad.Wewouldwindow-shopatthemallandinthesurroundingneighborhood,enjoyingthe___29___anddoingsomepeople-watchingtoo.Onother___30___,wewouldtakethebusallthewaytoStrandBeach,wherewecollectedshellsfor___31___.Everytripwetookwasagrandexpedition.Iwasgratefultomymomformakingthattoughperiodsomuchfun.Mymomdidmorethan___32___Jessandmefromourtroubles.Sheinstilled(灌輸)inusa(n)___33___forkeepingoureyesopenand___34___aworldthatwasourswithouthavingtoreallypayanything.Andsheshowedusthatregardlessofwherewewere,andwhatwewere___35___,therewassomethingwecouldsmileaboutsomewhere.21.A.sound B.tight C.sufficient D.additional22.A.comfortable B.modern C.affordable D.private23.A.yield B.attend C.react D.contribute24.A.painful B.vague C.associative D.fond25.A.interstate B.stable C.extensive D.exclusive26.A.studied B.advocated C.explored D.managed27.A.challenge B.guide C.dedicate D.show28.A.suitable B.frequented C.peaceful D.remote29.A.luxuries B.privileges C.entertainments D.sights30.A.adventures B.dreams C.achievements D.performances31.A.riches B.souvenirs C.charities D.items32.A.choose B.save C.separate D.distract33.A.enthusiasm B.admiration C.fascination D.creativity34.A.transforming B.conquering C.dominating D.appreciating35.A.talkingabout B.drawingon C.goingthrough D.learningfrom【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.A27.B28.B29.D30.A31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者童年時期家庭經濟困難，但母親通過利用公交系統帶他們去各種地方游玩，創造了美好的回憶，并培養了他們對生活的積極態度。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那時我父親剛從空軍退役，還沒有找到穩定的工作，所以經濟很緊張。A.sound健全的；B.tight緊張的；C.sufficient充足的；D.additional額外的。根據文中“myfatherhadretiredfromtheAirForceandhadyettofindsteadyemployment”，可知經濟狀況緊張，故選B。【22題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，我們還在努力尋找一個負擔得起的地方作為自己的家。A.comfortable舒適的；B.modern現代的；C.affordable負擔得起的；D.private私人的。根據前文“Financesweretight”，可知他們經濟緊張，所以需要找經濟上能承受的房子，故選C。【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我想，在這種情況下，很容易屈服于沮喪。A.yield屈服；B.attend參加；C.react反應；D.contribute貢獻。根據上文“Financeswere______sincemyfatherhadretiredfromtheAirForceandhadyettofindsteadyemployment.Inaddition,wewerestrugglingtofinda(n)______placetocallourown.”可知，作者家經濟困難，所以這種情況下很容易屈服于沮喪，故選A。【24題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我的母親有其他想法，她利用這種情況給了我和弟弟Jess一些永久影響我們觀點的美好的記憶。A.painful痛苦的；B.vague模糊的；C.associative聯想的；D.fond珍愛的，美好的。根據后文“memoriesthatwouldaffectourperspectiveforever”可知，影響作者和弟弟一生的是美好的回憶，故選D。【25題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們祖父母家附近的公共交通系統非常發達。A.interstate州際的；B.stable穩定的；C.extensive廣泛的；D.exclusive獨有的。根據后文“Foraverylowfee,itwaspossibletopurchaseaticketthatallowedriderstohopaboardallthebusestheywanted”，可知公交系統覆蓋范圍廣，故選C。【26題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我母親很好地研究了這個系統，她會帶我們去各種各樣的地方。A.studied研究；B.advocated提倡；C.explored探索；D.managed管理。根據后文“shewouldguideustoawidevarietyofdestinations”，可知，母親充分研究了公交系統，故選A。【27題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我母親很好地研究了這個系統，她會帶我們去各種各樣的地方。A.challenge挑戰；B.guide引導，帶領；C.dedicate奉獻；D.show展示。根據前文“usingthesituationtogivemybrotherJessandmefondmemories”可知，母親帶他們去游玩，故選B。【28題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們最常去的地方之一是卡爾斯巴德的購物中心。A.suitable合適的；B.frequented常去的；C.peaceful平靜的；D.remote偏遠的。根據后文“Wewouldwindow-shopatthemall”，可知，卡爾斯巴德的購物中心是他們常去的地方，故選B。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們在購物中心和周邊街區逛商店，欣賞風景，也觀察人群。A.luxuries奢侈品；B.privileges特權；C.entertainments娛樂；D.sights風景。根據“window-shop”和“people-watching”可知，是看風景，故選D。【30題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在其他冒險中，我們會坐公交車一直到斯特蘭德海灘，我們在那里撿貝殼作為紀念品。A.adventures冒險；B.dreams夢想；C.achievements成就；D.performances表演。根據“Everytripwetookwasagrandexpedition”可知，這是冒險經歷，故選A。【31題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在其他冒險中，我們會坐公交車一直到斯特蘭德海灘，我們在那里撿貝殼作為紀念品。A.riches財富；B.souvenirs紀念品；C.charities慈善；D.items物品。根據上文“collectedshells”可知，貝殼是紀念品，故選B。【32題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我母親不僅僅是讓我和Jess從煩惱中分心。A.choose選擇；B.save拯救；C.separate分開；D.distract分散注意力。根據后文“Jessandmefromourtroubles.”可知，母親讓他們暫時忘記煩惱，故選D。【33題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她向我們灌輸了保持開放眼界的熱情，并欣賞一個屬于我們卻無需真正花錢的世界。A.enthusiasm熱情；B.admiration欽佩；C.fascination迷戀；D.creativity創造力。根據下文“keepingoureyesopen”和上文提到的母親帶著孩子們去冒險可知，母親這么做是為了向孩子灌輸保持開放眼界的熱情，故選A。【34題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她向我們灌輸了保持開放眼界的熱情，并欣賞一個屬于我們卻無需真正花錢的世界。A.transforming轉變；B.conquering征服；C.dominating支配；D.appreciating欣賞。根據下文“aworldthatwasourswithouthavingtoreallypayanything”和上文提到的母