專題04名詞（學生版）目錄內容SectionA真題感悟SectionB知識梳理SectionC課堂練習SectionD課后作業SectionE鞏固提升SectionA：真題感悟SectionA：真題感悟1：語法填空（2021·天津卷）Greatimprovementsinpublichealthhavebeenbroughtaboutby________（advance）inmedicalscience.（2021·全國乙卷）(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠足)andacmodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021·新高考I卷)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheoutofthisworldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe(human)are.(2021·浙江卷)Beautifullyrestored（修復）toits1860appearance,thehousewasAbrahamandMaryLincoln'shomefor17years.In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir（marry）ceremonyin1842.（2021年全國甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環形山).

(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Theplum（tree）arethefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).

(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Historical(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.

(2019·全國Ⅲ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting(pete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.

2：短文改錯1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.2.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.3.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.

4.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.5.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Toeveryone’ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.

6.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.

7.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.SectionBSectionB：知識梳理1：考點梳理1.可數名詞的復數(1)規則變化:一般在單數形式后面加s或es。規則例詞一般在詞尾加smap—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days以s,x,ch,sh結尾的名詞后加esclass—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes以f或fe結尾的詞變f和fe為v再加esleaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves加sbelief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞,變y為i加esparty—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities以元音字母加y結尾的名詞,或專有名詞以y結尾的,加stoy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys以輔音字母加o結尾的名詞一般加eshero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes不少外來詞加spiano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos兩者皆可zero—zeros/zeroesvolcano—volcanos/volcanoesmosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes規則例詞以元音字母加o結尾的名詞加sradio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos以th結尾的名詞加struth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths(2)不規則變化規則例詞改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice單復數相同species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin只有復數形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,passes,contents一些集體名詞總是用作復數people,police,cattle,staff部分集體名詞既可以作單數(整體)也可以作復數(成員)audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,mittee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party復數形式表示特別含義customs(海關),forces(軍隊),times(時代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件,報紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)表示“某國人”加sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復數同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以man或woman結尾的改為men,womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen合成名詞將主體名詞變為復數sonsinlaw,lookerson,passersby,storytellers,boyfriends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變為復數grownups,housewives,stopwatches將兩部分變為復數womensingers,menservants考點2不可數名詞1.不可數名詞量的表達不可數名詞一般不能直接用不定冠詞或數詞修飾，而應與特定的單位名詞連用來表示量的概念，如：acupoftea,fourpiecesofbread等。2.抽象名詞的具體化這類名詞如果僅僅表示某種概念，是不可數名詞；如果表示具體的人或事，就成了可數名詞，前面常加不定冠詞，如：pleasure,help,honor,surprise,success,failure等。有些抽象名詞在具體化時，還可以用復數形式出現，如：nopains,nogains；表示特指時，可與定冠詞連用。3.學科名詞和集體名詞的意義(1)有些學科名詞以s結尾，但表示單數意義，如：physics,maths,politics等。(2)有些集體名詞通常只用于表示復數概念，如：police,people,cattle等。(3)有些集體名詞在表示整體時為單數概念，在表示集體中的各個成員時為復數概念，如：class,family,couple,audience,government,public等?？键c3名詞所有格1.表示有生命物體的名詞所有格(1)一般在詞尾加’s，如：theboy’sbag,men’srooms等。(2)以s結尾的詞直接加’，如：theworkers’struggle，thestudents’readingroom等。(3)并列名詞表示各自所屬時，在名詞后都加’s，如：John’sandMary’srooms(約翰和瑪麗各自的房間)；表示共同所屬時，在最后一個名詞后加’s，如：JohnandMary’sroom(約翰和瑪麗共同的房間)。(4)在表示店鋪、餐館、診所的名稱或某人的家時，其所有格后面的名詞可省略，如：atthedoctor’s在診所，atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。2.of所有格的用法用于無生命的東西thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的東西,尤其是有較長定語時theclassroomsofthefirstyearstudents用于名詞化的詞thestruggleoftheoppressed考點4名詞作定語1.名詞作定語時一般用單數，表示類別、處所、材料、身份、性別、功能、用途等。例如：stonefigures石像，papermoney紙幣，bookstores書店，eveningdress晚禮服。2.有些情況下，也可用復數作定語。例如：agoodstrain貨運列車，twomendoctors兩個男醫生，aclothesshop服裝店，asalesmanager銷售經理。3.“數字＋連字符＋名詞”作定語時，名詞一般用單數形式。例如：afiveyearplan一個五年計劃，atenmilewalk一段十英里的路程?？键c5名詞與固定搭配名詞構成的固定搭配主要有兩類：“動詞＋名詞”和“介詞＋名詞”。常見短語如下：makepreparationsfor,makefriendswith,giveregardsto,makebothendsmeet,fixone’seyesupon/on,ingreatdemand，inhighspirits，inagreementwith，payattentionto，keeppacewith，attachimportanceto，gain/haveanadvantageover，makea/no/somedifferenceSectionCSectionC：課堂練習一、單句改錯1.Ineedtostayinthehospitalforatleasttwoweek.2.HestoppedataboxofgoldenballforChristmastrees.3.Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideofitweremadeofglass.4.Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhouranddosportsforonehoureveryday.5.OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswebroughtfromourhomes.6.Itwasverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.7.Touristswereledaroundlikesheeps,fromoneshoptoanothershop.8.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeardthatturnedfromblacktograyovertheyears.9.“Excuseme,”shesaid,puttingherarmaroundtheunhappyoldwoman.10.Anearbypanywaslookingforstudentswithgoodhandwritingtowriteaddressesonenvelope.二、單句語法填空1.Thepoliceweredelayedbythe____________(absent)ofinformationaboutthecrime.2.Alightbreezestirredthe____________(leaf)ofthetalloaktreeoutsideherwindow.3.Hedevoteshistimetothe____________(acquire)ofknowledge.4.Theyarenowunderagreatdealofpressuretotightentheirairport____________(secure).5.I’mquitein____________(agree)withyourdecision.6.It’ssmallerinsizebutgreaterin____________(weigh).7.Pleaseremembertotakeallyourpersonal____________(possess)withyouwhenyouleavetheaircraft.8.Themunityherehasbeenruinedbypovertyand____________(employment).9.It’simportanttobrushyour____________(tooth)atleasttwiceaday.10.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof____________(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.SectionD：SectionD：課后作業一、單句改錯1.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.2.Allovertheworld,menandwoman,boysandgirlsenjoysports.3.Thesecondmanpointedtohisglassandaskediftheangelcouldcurehispooreyesight.4.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.5.Heagreedtoreadmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.6.AndIcametounderstanditwasnoteasytoearnmoney,andthatknowledgescouldchangemylife.7.LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.8.WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.9.Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.10.Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks,andmistakeaswell.”二、單句語法填空1.Theteacherpraisedherforher____________(anxious)forknowledge.2.Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____________(attract).3.Childrenshouldasktheirparents’____________(permit)beforemakingphonecalls.4.Alwaysreadthe____________(instruct)beforeyoustarttakingthemedicine.5.Itnowseemsunlikelythatitwillbepossibletoreachapeaceful____________(settle)oftheconflict.6.Applicantsmustsatisfythe____________(require)foradmissiontotheuniversity.7.Hesearchedforasignof____________(recognize)onherface,buttherewasnone.8.Landingonthemoonwasaremarkable____________(achieve).9.Fortunately,theuniversityprovidesstudentswithmany____________(employ)opportunities.10.Heoftennodstothe____________(passerby)asifheknewallofthem.SectionESectionE：鞏固提升1：語法填空1.(apology)ofallkindsandforallsortsofwrongdoingsaremadefarmorefrequentlythanbefore.

2.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichweresavedforother(purpose).

3.Ahundredyearsago,(explorer)atthattimeweretakingatremendousriskinapproachingthecoldwonderlandonthesouthernmosttipoftheplanet.

4.Chinesepeoplearebeingricherandmoreinternational.Whathasnotchangedistheir(stomach).

2：短文改錯1.ShehastaughtusalotofEnglishknowledgesandhowtobeagoodcitizen.

2.IsuddenlyfoundthatLinLing,oneofmyclassmate,workedasawaitressthere.3.Forexample,businessmenaremorelikelytotravelbyplaneorhighspeedtraintosavetimewhileofficeworkertendtotakebusesordrivetoworkthemselves.

4.Lastyear,myfamiliesandIwentcampinginthecountryside.ItwasoneoftheexcitingexperiencesIhadeverhad.

5.Ihopemyadvicescanhelpyouimproveyourhealth.3：篇章訓練（A）

Aconcretebookstoreunder1（construct）inWisdomBayinnovationparkinShanghaiwillbethefirst3DprintedbookstoreinChina,anditisduetoopentothepublicattheendofJanuary,2021."Thebookstorewasprintedonsiteinthreeweeks,”HeYuting,2isresponsibleforthisproject,fromTsinghuaUniversitySchoolofArchitectureinBeijing,toldtheGlobalTimesonThursday.Theprintingworkhasfinishedandthebookstorewill3（decorate）,Hetoldthereporter.4（pare）withsimpleworkssuchasa3Dprintedflowerbasin,thebookstoreisaninnovativeattemptinthearchitecturefield,asthe3Dprintedarchitectureis5（