熱點練07閱讀理解話題生態保護“生態環保”是普通高中英語課程標準話題之一，亦是高考英語常考話題。本話題包括動植物保護、生態保護、自然災害、環境污染和保護等方面。這些話題與學生的生活息息相關，聯系密切。通過對這些話題的學習以及高考英語對這些話題的考查，可以讓學生多注意身邊的人和事、關注社會環境、樹立環保意識、學會與大自然和諧相處。“生態環保”是普通高中英語課程標準話題之一，亦是高考英語常考話題。本話題包括動植物保護、生態保護、自然災害、環境污染和保護等方面。這些話題與學生的生活息息相關，聯系密切。通過對這些話題的學習以及高考英語對這些話題的考查，可以讓學生多注意身邊的人和事、關注社會環境、樹立環保意識、學會與大自然和諧相處。策略一：抓住文體特征：主題句：背景引入后\首句四個部分：標題（簡明揭示中心）、背景（引入）、主題（明確提出主題+詳細說明）通過實驗、研究、舉例、對比等方式進行以及結尾簡要概括中心策略二：抓關鍵句首末句+作者態度句；策略三：抓出題處：⑴在列舉處命題。⑵在例證處命題（3）轉折but,yet,however,nevertheless,rather,though,although,while,infact,asamatteroffact,ontheotherhand,bycontrast）;。⑷在比較處命題，無端的比較、相反的比較、偷換對象的比較，經常出現在干擾項中，考生要標記并且關注到原文中的比較，才能順利地排除干擾。⑸在復雜句中命題，包括同位詞、插入語、定語、從句、不定式等，命題者主要考查考生對句子之間的指代關系和語法關系。

（6）帶總結歸納（thus,so,therefor,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,inaword,insummary,inbrief）;（7）表達觀點，總括的動詞(believe,think,assume,suggest,show,conclude,findthat,drawtheconclusionthat,discoverthat);（8）問句設問句\反問句（問句中的內容和答案即文章作者要介紹的主題或觀點）策略四：判斷推理題

不能夸大事實，過度推斷。不能主觀臆斷，無中生有。文中細節，事實不是推斷環境保護動物保護環境保護動物保護真題鏈接真題鏈接Passage1（2021全國乙卷C篇）You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstoreexaminetheirrelationshiptosingleuseplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10foottallplasticwaves,frozenmidcrash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlyeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigpaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.1．WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin. B．Introducingecofriendlyproducts.C．Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste. D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.2．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A．Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B．Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C．Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D．Tofindasubstituteforthem.3．Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A．Calming. B．Disturbing.C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigpaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculpturesPassage2（2020全國II卷C篇）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃動）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飛機）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsinpetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.5．WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?A．Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B．ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC．ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD．Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.6．WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A．NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB．Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.C．NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD．Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Failurecanleadtoprogress. B．SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC．Failureshouldbeavoided. D．Successesfromjointefforts.8．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport B．Ashortstory.C．Abookreview D．Aresearcharticle.Passage3（2020新高考II卷D篇）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingpanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?9．Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A．Foodsafety. B．Movieviewership.C．Consumerdemand. D．Eatingbehavior.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A．Bigeaters. B．Overweightpersons.C．Pickyeaters. D．Tallthinpersons.11．Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A．Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B．Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C．Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D．Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.12．Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A．Howhungryweare. B．Howslimwewanttobe.C．Howweperceiveothers. D．Howwefeelaboutthefood.Passage4（2020浙江1月卷B篇）Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroadsicefree—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,likemozzarella.Wisconsin,alsocalled“America’sDairyland,”isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear!Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.Disposingof(處置)thebrinecanbeexpensive.Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?Normally,townsuserocksalttodeicestreets.Thesaltlowerswater’sfreezingpoint,causingicetomelt(融化).Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavemoney,whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater’sfreezingpoint.Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreecofriendlyoption.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.Rocksaltismadeofsodiumchloride,thesamepound(化合物)inordinarytablesalt.Soundsharmless,right?Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!Thechemicalwashesoffroadsandgoesintotheground.Thereitcanpollutedrinkingwater,harmplants,andeatawaysoil.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt,Milwaukeemaybeabletocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.Cheesebrinehasadownsidetoo—asmellsimilartothatofbadmilk.“Idon’treallymindit,”EmilNorbytoldModernFarmermagazine.HeworksforoneofWisconsin’scountyhighwaymissionsandcameupwiththeideaofusingcheesebrine.“OurroadssmelllikeWisconsin!”hesaid.24.Whycancheesebrinehelpkeepwinterroadsicefree?A.Itissoft. B.Itcontainssalt.C.Itiswarm. D.Ithasmilkinit.25.Whatisabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads?A.Improvingairquality. B.Increasingsalesofrocksalt.C.Reducingwaterpollution. D.Savingthecheeseindustry.26.Milwaukee’snewwaytodeicestreetsmaybeanexampleof______.A.barkingupthewrongtree B.puttingthecartbeforethehorseC.robbingPetertopayPaul D.killingtwobirdswithonestonePassage5（2020北京B篇）BaggyhasbeethefirstdogintheUK—andpotentiallytheworld—tojointhefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpollutantlevelsneartheground.Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglungproblems.Conventionalairpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsataboutninefeetintheair.However,sinceBaggystandsataboutthesameheightasachildinapushchair（嬰兒車）,shefrequentlyrecordspollutionlevelswhicharemuchhigherthanthedatagatheredbytheEnvironmentAgency.ThedoggydataresearchwastheideaofBaggy's13yearoldownerTomHuntandhisdadMatt.TheEnglishyoungsternoticedthatpollutionlevelsarearoundtwothirdshigherclosetothegroundthantheyareintheairattheheightwheretheyarerecordedbytheagency.Tomhassincereportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.MattHuntsaidhewas"veryproud"ofhissonbecause“whentheboygetsanidea,hekeepshisheaddownandgetsonwithit,andhereallydoeswanttodosomegoodandstopyoungkidsfromgettingasthma."“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.“Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小裝置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution？'Sowedidit."Tomsaid,"Mostofthetime,Baggyisjustlikeanyotherdog.Butfortherestofthetimesheisasuperdog,andweareallreallyproudofher."13．Withamonitoronhercollar,Baggycan____________.A．takepollutantreadings B．recordpollutantlevelsC．processcollecteddata D．reduceairpollution14．WhatcanwelearnfromtheBaggydata?A．Highplacesarefreeofairpollution.B．Higherpushchairsaremoreriskyforkids.C．Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.D．Airismorepollutedclosertotheground.15．WhatisTom'spurposeofdoingtheresearch?A．Towarnofahealthrisk. B．Tofindoutpollutionsources.C．Totesthisnewmonitor. D．ToproveBaggy'sabilities.16．Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeTomHunt?A．Modest. B．Generous. C．Creative. D．Outgoing.Passage6（2021新高考I卷C篇）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.29．WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A．Lossofwetlands. B．Popularityofwatersports.C．Pollutionofrivers. D．Arrivalofotherwildanimals.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Acquire. B．Export.C．Destroy. D．Distribute.31．WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A．Thestamppricehasgonedown. B．Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C．Thehuntershavestoppedhunting. D．Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.32．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheFederalDuckStampStory B．TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC．TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl D．TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHuntingPassage7（2021新高考II卷B篇）IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemroundtheclockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarrivingbutallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhandsonwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.33．Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?A．Toensuretheirsurvival. B．Toobservetheirdifferences.C．Toteachthemlifeskills. D．Toletthemplaywithhiskids.34．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A．Behavebadly. B．Losetheirway. C．Sleepsoundly. D．Misstheirmom.35．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?A．Boring. B．Tiring. C．Costly. D．Risky.36．WhydidtheauthordecidetosendSpotandStripebacktothezoo?A．Theyfrightenedthechildren. B．Theybecamedifficulttocontain.C．Theyannoyedtheneighbours. D．Theystartedfightingeachother.Passage9（2020全國III卷B篇）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfurcoatwearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafullbodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotioncapture(動作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealisticlookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoffsettrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.37．WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A．Toseefamousfilmstars.B．Toopposewearingfurcoats.C．Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D．Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.38．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B．Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C．Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D．Theperformanceofrealapes.39．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Listingpletely.B．Directingprofessionally.C．Promotingsuccessfully.D．Watchingcarefully.40．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A．Theymaybebadlytreated.B．Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C．TheycouldbetradedillegallyD．Theywouldlosepopularity.熱點練熱點練【山西省呂梁市2021屆高三5月第三次模擬】Areporthaswarnedofa“destructive”declineinfreshwaterfish,withnearlyathirdthreatenedbyextinction.Conservationgroupssaid80specieswereknowntohavegoneextinct,16inthelastyearalone.Thereportsaidpopulationsofmigratoryfishhavefallenbythreequartersinthelast50years.Overthesametimeperiod,populationsoflargerspecies,knownas“megafish”,havecrashedby94%,InUKwaters,thesturgeonandtheburbothavedisappeared,salmonaredisappearingandtheEuropeaneelremainsextremelyendangered.AccordingtotheWWF,muchofthedeclineisdrivenbythepoorstateofrivers,mostlyasaresultofpollution.Besides,damsandwastewaterarealsothefactors.Ithascalledonthegovernmenttorestorefreshwaterhabitatstogoodhealththroughpropercarryingoutofexistinglaws,strengtheningprotectionsintheEnvironmentBillandchampioningastrongsetofglobaltargetsfortherecoveryofnature.DaveTickner,fromWWE,saidfreshwaterhabitatsaresomeofthemostfulloflifeonearth,butasthisreportshowstheyarein“destructive”declinearoundtheworld.“Ifwearetotakethisgovernment'senvironmentalpromisesseriously,itmustgetitsacttogether,cleanupourriversandrestoreourfreshwaterhabitatstogoodhealth,”saidtheorganization'schiefadviseronfreshwater.CarmenRevengaofTheNatureConservancysaidfreshwaterfishareadiverseanduniquegroupofspeciesthatarenotonlyimportantforthehealthyfunctioningofourrivers,lakesandwetlands,butmillionsofpeople,particularlythepoor,alsodependonthemfortheirfoodandine.“It'snowmoreurgentthaneverthatwefindthecollectivepoliticalwillandeffectivecooperationwithprivateindustries,governments,NGOs(NonGovernmentalOrganizations)andmunities,tocarryoutnaturebasedsolutionsthatprotectfreshwaterspecies,whilealsoensuringhumanneedsaremet,”shesaid.12．Howisthesecondparagraphdeveloped?A．Byexamples. B．Byargument. C．Byexplanations. D．Bycauseandeffect.13．Whatisthemainreasonforfreshwaterfish'sdecline?A．Overfishing. B．Riverpollution. C．Globalwarming. D．Naturaldisasters.14．WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A．Thefeaturesoffreshwaterfish. B．Thesignificanceoffreshwaterfish.C．Thesituationoffreshwaterhabitats.D．Thefunctionsofconservationgroups.15．WhatisCarmenRevenga'sattitudetowardsfreshwaterfish'sstate?A．Indifferent. B．Ambiguous. C．Optimistic. D．Concerned.【福建省廈門市2021屆高三畢業班第三次質量檢測】It’smidFebruaryandalongBritain’ssouthcoastgiltheadbream(鯛魚)areswimmingfromtheopenseaintotherivermouths.Andthissummer,countrysidevisitorsthroughoutsouthernEnglandwillcatchsightofblueflashesassmallredeyeddamselfliesflyacrossstarryponds.Botheventsarehappeningmuchfurthernorththantheywouldhave20yearsago.Fingerspointatclimatechange.Asareasbeetoohotordry,manywildlifepopulationsaredeclining,whilesomespeciesareshowingupinplacesthatwerehistoricallytoocoldorwet.Ourteam,ledbyAlbaEstrada,wantedtoexplainthisphenomenon.Ifwecouldpredictwhichspeciescanandcan’tcolonise(移居于)newlocations,wecoulddecidewhicharemostinneedofconservation.Howfarindividualanimalsorplantseedscanmovewaslongthoughttobethemostimportantfactor.Butaccordingtoourfindings,othercharacteristicsalsoturnedouttobehighlyimportant.Forexample,howquicklyplantsandanimalscanproduce,howwelltheycanpetewithotherspeciesforresources,andwhatkindsoffoodtheycaneatorhabitattheycanlivein.Theresultofthisisthatwemightbeabletopredictwhichanimalswillsurviveunderclimatechange.ThewoodmouseisfoundthroughoutcontinentalEurope.Asclimatechanges,wethinkthemousewillmovenorthbecauseitcanbreedquickly,liveinlotsofhabitats,hasabroaddiet,andindividualscantravelalongway.Ontheotherhand,considertheEuropeangroundsquirrel.WethinkitmightstayjustinsoutheastEuropebecauseitcanonlyliveingrasslands—andclimatechangewon’tsuddenlyturnfarmsandforestsintomeadows(草坪).It’sencouragingtoknowthatsomespeciesaredoingwellunderclimatechange.Therearesomeheadaches,however.Thosegiltheadbreamarefeedingonthelocalshellfish,whichmightbetakingfoodawayfromthenativefish.Smallredeyeddamselflieslookgreat,buttheycouldbeealltoomonaroundBritishpondsandoutpetenativespecies.Climatechangeisonceagainposingussometrickyconservationquestions.12．Wecanlearnfromparagraphs1&2that______.A．peopleholdeventstoobservedifferentspeciesB．visitorshavedamagedthehomesofmanyspeciesC．speciespreferredextremelycoldandwetenvironmentD．climatechangemakessomespeciesmovetonewareas13．What’sparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Whatfactorscaninfluencecolonisation.B．Howfarindividualanimalscantravel.C．Whysomespeciesaredeclining.D．Wheremostspeciestendtolive.14．Whichmightstandtheleastchanceofcolonisation?A．Giltheadbream. B．Redeyeddamselflies.C．Woodmice. D．Groundsquirrels.15．What’stheteam’sattitudetowardsthecolonisation?A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Optimistic.【河北省衡水中學2021屆高三下學期5月份第三次調研】Todealwiththelackoflightsofarbeneaththesurfaceoftheocean,manydeepseacreaturesemployaformofbioluminescence,achemicalreactionintheirbodiesthatproduceslightbutnotheat.Biologistsbelievebioluminescenceservesseveralfunctions.First,forsomefish,itactslikeaflashlightbyenablingthemtoseeastheyswimwhileinothers,ithelpsthemattractmates.Andsomecreaturesusetheirlighttodrawinothersealife,whichisthenattackedandconsumed.However,bioluminescenceisapoorsubstituteforsunlight,somanydeepseacreatureshavedevelopedextrasensorstoassistthem.Forexample,somehaveevolvedstrongersensesofsmelltodetectthechemicalscentssentoutbymembersofthesamespecies,whichenablethemtofindmates.Whilegoingdowndeeper,thewaterplacesintensepressuresoneverything.Toavoidbeingcrushed,manycreatureshaveevolvedbybeingsmallerasopposedtothemoreinflexiblebodystructuresofanimalslivingnearthesurface.Andsomecreatureshavespecializedmolecularstructuresthathelpthembetterwithstandthepressure.Themoleculestheyaremadeupof,aremoninallfishandareresponsibleforthedistinctsmellmostfishhave,butfishlivingatgreatdepthshavemoreofthemandthereforehaveanevenmoreintensesmell.Thetemperatureofthewaterherestaysbetween1℃and4℃,whichiscoldenoughtofreezemostlife.Someanimalsmoveatslowspeedstoconserveenergy.SomespotsontheoceanfloorreleaseenergyfromtheEarth