湖南省2023屆高三九校聯(lián)盟第二次聯(lián)考英語注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：How.much.istheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inaclassroom.2.Howmuchwastheman’snewbike?A.$120.B.$170.C.$50.3.Whatkindofbooksdidthemanpreferasateenager?A.Detectivestories.B.Sciencefiction.C.Adventurestories.4.WheredidStevegointhesummer?A.China.B.Mexico.C.Australia.5.WhydoesBobrefusethewoman’soffer?A.Heisverybusy.B.Heispoorlypaid.C.Heisnotconfident.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdayisittoday?A.Friday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Misstheparty.B.Rearrangehisschedule.C.Havedinnerwithhisparentsasplanned.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomando?A.She’sasalesperson.B.She’sareceptionist.C.She’sabankclerk.9.Whatisthediscountfortheman?A.10%.B.15%.C.20%.10.Howwillthemanpayfinally?A.Bycard.B.Bycash.C.Bycheck.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Helpsomestudentsfindjobs.B.Workintheemploymentoffice.C.Findaparttimejobintheschool.12.Howlongdoesthemanwanttoworkperweek?A.Over20hours.B.10to20hours.C.Only10hours.13.Whatdoesthewomantellthemantodotomorrow?A.Phoneher.B.Filloutaform.C.Tellhersomenews.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whereisthemannow?A.IntheUS.B.InIceland.C.InIreland.15.Howdidthemanfeelaboutthelifehere?A.Difficult.B.Relaxing.C.Amazing.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthepeopleheregenerally?A.Sad.B.Careless.C.Stressed.17.Whatdoesthemanlikehere?A.Thepeople’ssenseofhumor.B.Therainyweather.C.Thetotallydifferentfood.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18Howlongwilltheexhibitionrun?A.Forabouttwelveweeks.B.Foraboutnineweeks.C.Foraboutsixweeks.19.WhatisKateMainegoodat?A.Plantinggardenvegetables.B.Designingdiningtables.C.Makingpotsandbowls.20.WhatwillCynthiaCourseintroduceintheexhibition?A.Hersilverjewelry.B.Hercoloredstones.C.Herwhitepapersculpture.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分．50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyoufondofwatchingfilms?Doesthecolorful,natural,orspectacularsceneryinthefilmsattractyoutotraveltotheirlocations?WehaveselectedthreegorgeousfilmlocationsinChina.Ifyou’reafilmfanoranoutdoorenthusiast,checkthemout!FengguoTemple＆TheGrandmaster(《一代宗師》)LocatedinY’xiancounty,Jinzhou,NortheastChina’sLiaoningprovince,theFengguoTempleisaBuddhisttempleestablishedin1020,coveringatotalareaof60,000squaremeters.ItisoneofonlythreeLiaoDynastytemplesstillinexistenceinChina.ThemainhalloftheFengguoTempleistheBuddhahallbelievedtobeoneofthelargestintheworldinancienttimes.Itishometotheworld’soldestandlargestclaysculpturesofpaintedBuddhastatues.TheFengguoTemplewasdesignated(指定)asanationalforemostprotectedculturalheritagesitein1961anda4Aleveltouristattractionin2009.YunshuiyaoAncientTown＆TheKnot(《云水謠》)SituatedinZhangzhou,EastChina’sFujianprovince,YunshuiyaoAncientTownhasalonghistoryandisoneofthescenicspotsoftheworldheritagesite,theFujianTulou.Thereisamagnificentbanyantree(榕樹)groupinthetownconsistingof13banyantrees,someofwhicharethousandsofyearsold.YunshuiyaoAncientTownisdistinguishedforitsuniquetulouclustersatthefootofthemountain.Fiftythreeoftheseearthenbuildings,whichwerefirstconstructedinthemidYuanDynasty,arestillstandingtoday.DajiuLakeWetlandPark＆TheAssassin(《刺客聶隱娘》)LocatedinShennongjiaUNESCOGlobalGeopark,CentralChina’sHubeiprovince,theDajiuLakeWetlandParkboastsfascinatingsceneries.Itisararesubalpinepeatmarshwetlandintheworld’smiddlelatitude,atanaltitudeofover1,730metersandwithatotalareaof20,000hectares.Knownas“HulunBuirofHubeiprovince”,itishometoninelakesontheplateauandlushmeadows(草地).Inthewetlandpark,thereareextensivealpinemeadows,wetlandferns(蕨類植物),andsomeanimals,suchasstorks,cranes,andsikadeer,whicharevaluableforscientificresearch.1.WhatisspecialaboutFengguoTemple?AItsmainhallisconsideredthelargestintheworld.B.Itwasdesignatedasa4Aleveltouristattractionin1961.C.ItisoneofonlythreeBuddhisttemplesinexistenceinChina.D.Ithousestheworld’soldestandlargestclaysculpturesofpaintedBuddhastatues.2.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.Thereare13banyantreesinYunshuiyaoAncientTown.B.ThereareuniqueearthenbuildingsinYunshuiyaoAncientTown.CTheDajiuLakeWetlandParkisontheUNESCOWorldHeritageList.D.TheDajiuLakeWetlandParkishometomanyrareplantsandanimals.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Anacademicarticle.C.Atravelmagazine.D.Abiography.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三個(gè)著名的電影拍攝地和旅游勝地：奉國寺、云水謠古鎮(zhèn)和大九湖濕地公園?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FengguoTemple＆TheGrandmaster(《一代宗師》)中的“Itishometotheworld’soldestandlargestclaysculpturesofpaintedBuddhastatues.(它是世界上最古老和最大的泥塑彩繪佛像的所在地。)”可知，奉國寺收藏了世界上最古老、最大的泥塑彩繪佛像。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YunshuiyaoAncientTown＆TheKnot(《云水謠》)中的“YunshuiyaoAncientTownisdistinguishedforitsuniquetulouclustersatthefootofthemountain.(云水窯古鎮(zhèn)以其獨(dú)特的山腳下土樓群而聞名。)”可知，云水窯古鎮(zhèn)有獨(dú)特的土樓。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WehaveselectedthreegorgeousfilmlocationsinChina.Ifyou’reafilmfanoranoutdoorenthusiast,checkthemout!(我們在中國選擇了三個(gè)華麗的電影取景地。如果你是電影迷或戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)愛好者，那就去看看吧!)”可知，影迷和戶外愛好者會對本文介紹的三個(gè)電影拍攝地感興趣，文章應(yīng)該出自一本旅游雜志。故選C。B“Howbeautifulthejasmine(茉莉花)is!Asweetsmellcoversthebuddingtwigs.Sofragrant,sowhite,admiredbyalllips.”ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.ChenChengzhonghasabigsayintheproductionofJasmineteaasheisapractitionerofFuzhouJasmineteascentingtechniques.The72yearoldteamakerstartedhiscareerearlyinhisteenageyears,whenhebecameanapprenticeinastateownedteafactory.Jasmineteaisakindofteascented(帶有某種香味)withthefragranceofjasmineblossomsandtypicallyhasgreenteaasitsbase.Thenaturalscentingprocessconsumesfreshjasmineblossoms,pickedduringthedaytimewhenthebudsareclosed,Chensaid.Andthegreentealeavesfromthespringharvestarestoreduntilthemostfragrantjasmineblossomsinlatesummer.ThehotandhumidclimateandtheredsoilinEastChina’sFujianprovinceprovidefavorableconditionsforjasmineandteaplantstothrive,beingthehighqualityingredientsthatareneededforJasminetea.“OurjasmineflowersandtealeavesareallsourcedfromFujianinlargequantities,despitethefactthattheyarepricierthanthosefromotherorigins,”Chensaid.Whenthefreshjasmineflowersareharvested,theyaremixedwithlayersoftealeaves.Workersstir(攪拌)thetealeavesandflowersovernight,allowingtheleavestoabsorbthefragrantscentofthejasmineblossoms.Inthemorning,theflowersaresorted,theleavesaredried,andtheprocessisrepeated.Morerepetitionmakesforamorerobustjasmineflavor,andittakesatleastninescentingprocessestoproduceJasmineteaofasuperbgrade.HavingbeenappointedastherepresentativepractitionerofFuzhouJasmineteascentingtechniques,Chennowfocusesmoreonpassingonthescentingtechniques,givinglecturestostudentsandapprentices.Chen’ssonChenZhengismotivatedtofollowinhisfather’sfootstepsandmoveforwardwiththescentingtechniques.“Likemyfather,Ialsohopetopracticethistraditionalskillthathasprofoundculturaldeposits,andpassiton,”ChenZhengsaid.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofquotingthesongJasmineFlower?A.Totellusnottoneglectthesong.B.Toshowthepopularityofthesong.C.Tointroducethetopic—Jasminetea.D.ToclarifytheoriginofJasminetea.5.WhyareFujian’sjasminesandtealeavesthehighqualityingredients?A.Becausetheirfragrancesaremixedtogether.B.BecauseFujianisrichinjasminesandtealeaves.C.Becausetheyarepricierthanthosefromotherareas.D.BecauseFujianhassuitableclimateandsoilconditions.6.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTabouttheprocessofmakingJasminetea?A.Itusesthemostfragrantjasmineblossominginearlysummer.B.IttakesatmostninescentingprocessestoproduceJasmineteaofasuperbgrade.C.Tealeavesshouldbemixedwithfreshjasmineflowerstoabsorbtheirfragrance.D.Freshjasmineblossomsarepickedduringthedaytimewhenthebudsareopened.7.WhatdoesChenZhengwanttodo?A.ProduceJasmineteaofasuperbgrade.B.PracticeandpassonJasmineteascentingtechniques.C.Givelecturestostudentsandapprentices.D.Beeanapprenticeinastateownedteafactory.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了福州茉莉花茶窨制工藝傳承人陳成忠以及茉莉花茶的制作過程。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThefamedChinesefolksongJasmineFlowerhasreachedaglobalaudiencewithitsbeautifulmelodyandlyrics.EquallypopularisthetraditionallymadeJasminetea,whoseelegantfragranceandmellowtastefascinatecountlessteadrinkers.(中國著名民歌《茉莉花》以其優(yōu)美的旋律和歌詞贏得了全球觀眾的喜愛。同樣受歡迎的是傳統(tǒng)的茉莉花茶，其優(yōu)雅的香氣和醇香的口感吸引了無數(shù)飲茶者)”以及下文對傳統(tǒng)茉莉花茶的詳細(xì)介紹，可知本文第一段段首用著名的中國民歌《茉莉花》來引出文章主題——茉莉花茶。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“ThehotandhumidclimateandtheredsoilinEastChina’sFujianprovinceprovidefavorableconditionsforjasmineandteaplantstothrive,beingthehighqualityingredientsthatareneededforJasminetea.(中國東部福建省濕熱的氣候和紅色的土壤為茉莉花和茶樹的茁壯成長提供了有利條件，成為茉莉花茶所需的優(yōu)質(zhì)原料)”可知，福建適宜的氣候和土壤條件為茉莉花和茶樹的茁壯成長提供了有利條件，使福建的茉莉花和茶葉成為制作茉莉花茶的優(yōu)質(zhì)原料。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Whenthefreshjasmineflowersareharvested,theyaremixedwithlayersoftealeaves.Workersstir(攪拌)thetealeavesandflowersovernight,allowingtheleavestoabsorbthefragrantscentofthejasmineblossoms.(當(dāng)新鮮的茉莉花收獲時(shí)，它們與一層層的茶葉混合在一起。工人們將茶葉和鮮花攪拌一夜，讓茶葉吸收茉莉花的芬芳)”可知在制作茉莉花茶的過程中，工人們要將茶葉與新鮮的茉莉花混合，讓茶葉吸收茉莉花的香味。故選C。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Chen’ssonChenZhengismotivatedtofollowinhisfather’sfootstepsandmoveforwardwiththescentingtechniques.‘Likemyfather,Ialsohopetopracticethistraditionalskillthathasprofoundculturaldeposits,andpassiton,’ChenZhengsaid.(陳的兒子陳錚被激勵(lì)著追隨父親的腳步，推動(dòng)茉莉花茶窨制技藝向前邁進(jìn)?！乙蚕Ｍ窀赣H一樣練好這門有著深厚文化底蘊(yùn)的傳統(tǒng)技藝，把它傳承下去?！愬P說)”可知，陳錚希望像他的父親一樣練好這門有著深厚文化底蘊(yùn)的傳統(tǒng)技藝，并把它傳承下去。故選B。CRapiddeforestation(毀林)oftheAmazonrainforestcouldinfluencethetemperatureandprecipitation(降水，降水量)overtheTibetanplateau15,000kilometersaway.SainiYangatBeijingNormalUniversityinChinaandhercolleaguesanalyzedglobalclimatologicaldatafrom1979to2019toidentifyrelationsintemperatureandprecipitationbetweentheAmazonrainforestandotherareas.Suchlinksarecalled“teleconnection1s”.TheyfocusedontheAmazonrainforestinparticularbecauseofitssignificanceasamajorcarbonsinkandasaclimatic“tippingpoint”(爆發(fā)點(diǎn))thatcouldseeforestturntosavannah(稀樹草原)beyondacertainthreshold(閾，界)ofwarmingandhumandrivendeforestation.Theresearchersfoundthatsince1979,warmtemperaturesintheAmazonrainforestwererelatedtowarmtemperaturesovertheTibetanplateauandtheWestAntarcticicesheet;moreprecipitationintheAmazonrainforestwasassociatedwithlessprecipitationinthoseregions.ByanalyzingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonrainforestandthosedistantareas,theywerealsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiresmightspreadthroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuturewarmingscenarios.ThecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetisaknowntippingpoint.MeltingsnowontheTibetanplateauisnot,buttheregioniswarmingmorerapidlythanmuchoftherestoftheglobe,andchangestosnowandicetherecouldhaveconsequencesforecosystemsandthebillionsofpeoplethatrelyonitssnowmeltforwater,saysYang.VictorBrovkinattheMaxPlanckInstituteforMeteorologyinGermanysaystheteleconnectionsareaninterestingfind,butisskepticalthatvariabilityintheAmazonrainforestcausesthechangeselsewhere.HesaystheAmazonrainforestistoosmallanareatooveretheinfluenceofthetropicaloceansandtheresearchersdon’tpresentaphysicalmechanismtoexplainanyinfluence.IftheAmazonrainforestdoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,however,itcouldmeanthereisàhigherriskthattheAmazonrainforesttippingpointmightsetothersoff,saysJonathanDongesatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.“Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdomino(多米諾骨牌)thatcanfall.”8.WhywastheAmazonrainforestthefocusforSainiYang’sresearch?A.Becauseitplayedaroleasamaincarbonsink.B.Becauseitwasthemostimportantcarbonsink.C.Becauseitwasverylikelytoturntosavannah.D.Becauseitwasatahighriskofbeingaclimatic“tippingpoint”.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thebenefitsoftheresearch.B.Thefindingsoftheresearch.C.Themeansofanalyzingthedata.D.TheresultsoftheAmazonrainforestbeingdeforested.10.WhichofthefollowingpointsmaySainiYangagreewith?A.ThetemperatureoftheTibetanplateauchangesthefastest.B.ThevariabilityintheAmazonrainforestmaynotleadtochangeselsewhere.C.ThemoretheAmazonrainforestrains,thelessrainfalltheTibetanplateaumayhave.D.TheconsequencesofthecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetarelittleknown.11.WhatcanwelearnabouttheAmazonrainforestfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Teleconnectionshavekepttheresearchersinterestedforalongtime.B.TheAmazonrainforesttippingpointislikelytosetoffthoseofotherareas.C.ThefindingsoftheresearchontheAmazonrainforestarecontroversial.D.TheAmazonrainforestislargeenoughtoremovetheinfluenceofthetropicaloceans.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了中國北京師范大學(xué)楊賽霓教授及其同事進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究，該研究通過對1979年到2019年間的全球氣象數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，目的在于確認(rèn)亞馬孫雨林地區(qū)和其他地區(qū)是否在氣溫和降雨方面存在相互影響的關(guān)系，但也有其他研究人員提出不同的觀點(diǎn)。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheyfocusedontheAmazonrainforestinparticularbecauseofitssignificanceasamajorcarbonsinkandasaclimatic“tippingpoint”(爆發(fā)點(diǎn))thatcouldseeforestturntosavannah(稀樹草原)beyondacertainthreshold(閾，界)ofwarmingandhumandrivendeforestation.(他們特別關(guān)注亞馬遜雨林，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)重要的碳匯，也是一個(gè)氣候“爆發(fā)點(diǎn)”，超過一定的變暖和人為砍伐森林的閾值，森林就會變成大草原。)”可知，因?yàn)閬嗰R遜雨扮演了主要碳匯的角色，所以楊賽霓教授的研究的焦點(diǎn)是亞馬遜雨林，故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersfoundthatsince1979,warmtemperaturesintheAmazonrainforestwererelatedtowarmtemperaturesovertheTibetanplateauandtheWestAntarcticicesheet;moreprecipitationintheAmazonrainforestwasassociatedwithlessprecipitationinthoseregions.ByanalyzingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonrainforestandthosedistantareas,theywerealsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiresmightspreadthroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuturewarmingscenarios.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，自1979年以來，亞馬遜雨林的溫暖溫度與青藏高原和南極西部冰蓋的溫暖溫度有關(guān)；亞馬遜雨林降水越多，這些地區(qū)降水越少。通過分析亞馬遜雨林和這些遙遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)之間的溫度變化，他們還能夠追蹤森林火災(zāi)釋放的能量或物質(zhì)(如黑碳)可能通過大氣傳播的路徑。他們的分析表明，在不同的未來變暖情景下，這一路線保持一致。)”可知，第三段主要談?wù)摿搜芯拷Y(jié)果。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theresearchersfoundthatsince1979,warmtemperaturesintheAmazonrainforestwererelatedtowarmtemperaturesovertheTibetanplateauandtheWestAntarcticicesheet;moreprecipitationintheAmazonrainforestwasassociatedwithlessprecipitationinthoseregions.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，自1979年以來，亞馬遜雨林的溫暖溫度與青藏高原和南極西部冰蓋的溫暖溫度有關(guān)；亞馬遜雨林降水越多，這些地區(qū)降水越少。)”可知，SainiYang會同意亞馬遜雨林降雨越多，青藏高原的降雨量就越少的觀點(diǎn)，故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“VictorBrovkinattheMaxPlanckInstituteforMeteorologyinGermanysaystheteleconnectionsareaninterestingfind,butisskepticalthatvariabilityintheAmazonrainforestcausesthechangeselsewhere.(德國馬克斯·普朗克氣象研究所的維克多·布羅夫金說，這種遠(yuǎn)程關(guān)聯(lián)是一個(gè)有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但他懷疑亞馬遜雨林的變化會導(dǎo)致其他地方的變化。)”和根據(jù)最后一段“IftheAmazonrainforestdoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,however,itcouldmeanthereisàhigherriskthattheAmazonrainforesttippingpointmightsetothersoff,saysJonathanDongesatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.“Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdomino(多米諾骨牌)thatcanfall.”(然而，德國波茨坦氣候影響研究所的喬納森·東斯說，如果亞馬遜雨林確實(shí)對這些地區(qū)有影響，這可能意味著亞馬遜雨林的臨界點(diǎn)可能引發(fā)其他地區(qū)爆發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高?！斑@又增加了一張可能倒下的多米諾骨牌。”)”可知，亞馬孫雨林發(fā)生質(zhì)的顛覆性變化有一個(gè)前提條件，那就是它確實(shí)對這些地區(qū)有影響，而對于這一點(diǎn)，科學(xué)家仍然有爭議。故選C。DUntilthe1940s,bloodtransfusions(輸血)oftenwentwrongbecausesomemainbloodgroupsystemshadyettobediscovered.Thisphenomenonisnowathingofthepast,butfindingawellmatcheddonorcanstillbedifficult,especiallyforpatientswithrarebloodtypes.Recently,ateamofBritishresearchersannouncedasteptowardssolvingthisproblembysuccessfullytransfusingintotwohealthyvolunteersredbloodcellsgrownfromappropriatestemcellsdonatedbyothers.Bynow,suchmanufacturedredcellshavebeengivenonlytothosewhoseownstemcellshadbeenthesource.Thestemcellsusedforthisexperiment,however,wereextractedfromblooddonatedinthenormalway.Then,theharvestedstemcellsweregrownandmultipliedinanutrientsolutionforabout20days,whichservedtoturnthemintoyoungversionsofredbloodcellscalledreticulocytes,which,oncetransfused,quicklydevelopintotherealMcCoy.Thelabmaderedbloodcellswouldbeexpectedtolastlongerinareceiver’sbodythanthosefromanormaltransfusion,sincetransfusedbloodunavoidablycontainssomecellsthatareontheirlastlegs.Thenextstepistomeasurehowlongthemanufacturedcellsactuallydolast.Iftheydoindeedsurvivetraditionallytransfusedcells,thenreceiverswillnotneedfrequenttransfusions.Thatwillhelpalot.Atthemoment,patientswithblooddisorderssuchassicklecelldiseaseandthalassemiamayrequireatransfusionasoftenaseveryfourtosixweeks.Asaconsequence,somedevelopironoverload,whichcausessevereplications(并發(fā)癥).Othersendupformingantibodiesagainstmanybloodtypes,whichmakesfindingamatchingdonorharder.Ifallgoeswell,thetrialwillbeextendedtomorevolunteers.Butlargertests,includingtestsonactualpatients,willbeneededbeforethisapproachcanbeputintopractice.Eventhen,thetechniquewillprobablybereservedforafavoredfewthosepossessingrarebloodtypesbeingattheheadofthequeue.Unlesssomeunforeseenbreakthroughoccurs,makingthecellsinquantitywillbechallenging.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“therealMcCoy”inparagraph2referto?A.Redbloodcells.B.Stemcells.C.Reticulocytes.D.Nutrientsolutions.13Whatcanwelearnaboutbloodtransfusionsaccordingtothetext?A.Thelabmaderedbloodcellslastlongerthanthosefromanormaltransfusion.B.Thosewithrarebloodtypesmayenjoypriorityinthetransfusionoflabmaderedbloodcells.C.Mostpatientswithblooddisordersmaysuffersevereplicationsandformantibodies.D.Bloodtransfusionsoftengowrongbecauseofpeople’signoranceofthemainbloodsystems.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothemassproductionofthelabmaderedcellsinthenearfuture?A.Indifferent.B.Optimistic.CHopeless.D.Cautious.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DevelopmentoftechnologyinbloodtransfusionsB.TransfusionoflabmaderedbloodcellsintohumansC.RedbloodcellsingfromstemcellsofreceiversD.Developmentandpromotionoflabmadebloodcells【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了英國研究者開始了世界首個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)“人工血液”的臨床試驗(yàn)?！驹斀狻?.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestemcellsusedforthisexperiment,however,wereextractedfromblooddonatedinthenormalway.Then,theharvestedstemcellsweregrownandmultipliedinanutrientsolutionforabout20days,whichservedtoturnthemintoyoungversionsofredbloodcellscalledreticulocytes,which,oncetransfused,quicklydevelopintotherealMcCoy.(然而，用于這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的干細(xì)胞是從正常捐獻(xiàn)的血液中提取出來的。然后，收獲的干細(xì)胞在營養(yǎng)液中生長并繁殖大約20天，這些干細(xì)胞被轉(zhuǎn)化成年輕版本的紅細(xì)胞，稱為網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞，一旦輸血，就會迅速發(fā)育成therealMcCoy。)”和劃線單詞下文“Thelabmaderedbloodcellswouldbeexpectedtolastlongerinareceiver’sbodythanthosefromanormaltransfusion,sincetransfusedbloodunavoidablycontainssomecellsthatareontheirlastlegs.(這些實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造的紅細(xì)胞在接受者體內(nèi)的存活時(shí)間比正常輸血的紅細(xì)胞要長，因?yàn)檩斞难褐胁豢杀苊獾睾幸恍┭傺僖幌⒌募?xì)胞。)”可知，下文提到的血紅細(xì)胞指的是therealMcCoy，即stemcells(干細(xì)胞)被放在nutrientsolutions(營養(yǎng)液)中進(jìn)行培育，被培養(yǎng)成reticulocytes(網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞)，被輸注后快速轉(zhuǎn)化成redbloodcells(血紅細(xì)胞)，故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thenextstepistomeasurehowlongthemanufacturedcellsactuallydolast.(下一步是測量制造出來的細(xì)胞實(shí)際上能持續(xù)多長時(shí)間。)”和第三段第一句“Iftheydoindeedsurvivetraditionallytransfusedcells,thenreceiverswillnotneedfrequenttransfusions.(如果它們確實(shí)在傳統(tǒng)的輸血細(xì)胞中存活下來，那么接受者就不需要頻繁的輸血。)”可知，A項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造的紅細(xì)胞比正常輸血的紅細(xì)胞持續(xù)時(shí)間更長?！边€有待測試，這正是研究者們所期待的；根據(jù)第三倒數(shù)第二、三句“Atthemoment,patientswithblooddisorderssuchassicklecelldiseaseandthalassemiamayrequireatransfusionasoftenaseveryfourtosixweeks.Asaconsequence,somedevelopironoverload,whichcausessevereplications(并發(fā)癥).(目前，患有鐮刀型紅血球疾病和地中海貧血等血液疾病的患者可能需要每4至6周輸一次血。因此，一些人會出現(xiàn)鐵超負(fù)荷，從而導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥。)”可知有血液疾病的人可能會需要經(jīng)常輸血，作為后果，其中一部分人鐵過剩，從而產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥或形成抗體，并非大多數(shù)，因此排除C；根據(jù)第一段第一句“Untilthe1940s,bloodtransfusions(輸血)oftenwentwrongbecausesomemainbloodgroupsystemshadyettobediscovered.(直到20世紀(jì)40年代，輸血經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)，因?yàn)橐恍┲饕难拖到y(tǒng)還沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可知D時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段中的“thosepossessingrarebloodtypesbeingattheheadofthequeue(那些擁有罕見血型的人排在隊(duì)伍的最前面。)”可知，有罕見血型的受血者排在等候人工血液輸注的前列，所以相比于其他人，被優(yōu)先選中的可能性更大。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifallgoeswell,thetrialwillbeextendedtomorevolunteers.Butlargertests,includingtestsonactualpatients,willbeneededbeforethisapproachcanbeputintopractice.(如果一切順利，試驗(yàn)將擴(kuò)大到更多的志愿者。但是，在這種方法付諸實(shí)踐之前，還需要進(jìn)行更大規(guī)模的測試，包括對實(shí)際病人的測試。)”可推知，作者對于在不久的將來大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造的紅細(xì)胞持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，故選D。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Recently,ateamofBritishresearchersannouncedasteptowardssolvingthisproblembysuccessfullytransfusingintotwohealthyvolunteersredbloodcellsgrownfromappropriatestemcellsdonatedbyothers.(最近，一個(gè)英國研究小組宣布了解決這個(gè)問題的一個(gè)步驟，他們成功地將由其他人捐獻(xiàn)的合適干細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的紅細(xì)胞輸入兩名健康志愿者體內(nèi)。)”可知，文章主要講述了英國研究者開始了世界首個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)“人工血液”的臨床試驗(yàn)。研究者從捐獻(xiàn)者血液中分離出干細(xì)胞，在體外人工培養(yǎng)分化，然后用收獲的紅細(xì)胞制成了這種人工血液。目前，已經(jīng)有兩位健康受試者接受了人工血液的輸注，由此可知，B項(xiàng)“將實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造的紅細(xì)胞輸入人體”適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyousufferfromsocialanxiety,youwillfearcertainsituations.Somefearspeakinginfrontofgroupsofpeople,whileothersfeargoingtopartiesorothertypesofsocialevents.Inwhicheversituationyourfeararises,you’llprobablyexperiencesweating,flushing,feelingyourheartrace,orothersymptomsofanxiety.___16___Numberone:Deepmusclerelaxation.Learningtophysicallyrelaxisoneofthebestwaystobatanxiety.___17___Fordeepmusclerelaxation,youwilltenseandthenrelaxthemajormusclegroupsofyourbody,beginningwithyourfeetandworkingyourwaytowardsyourheadandface.NumberTwo:Slowbreathing.___18___Whenyou’reanxious,yourbreathingbeesfasterandmoreshallowandasaresult,you’llfeellightheadedanddizzy,bringingonmoreanxiety.Learningtobreatheslowerandmoreregularlythroughyournosewillhelpyoucalmdown.NumberThree:Visualization.Thekeytovisualizationistorememberaplacewhereyoufeltsafeandfortable.Onceyourememberthisplace,getapictureofitinyourmindsoclearlythatyoucanfeel,see,smellandeventastethatplace.___19___NumberFour:___20___Mostpeoplewithsocialanxietywanttohide,avoid,orrunawayfromwhateverthey’rescaredof.Butbyfacingyouranxietyinsteadyou’llfindthatitisusuallysomethingyoucantolerateafterafewexposures.Whenusingthismethod,focusonwhat’sgoingonaroundyouinsteadofwhat’sgoingthroughyourmind.Thatshouldhelpyoudistractyourselffromthoseanxiousthoughts.A.Facingyouranxiety.B.Controllingyourthoughts.C.Thistakespracticeandpatience.D.It’simpossibletofeelbothrelaxedandanxious.E.Thistechniquewillhelpyoubetterhandlethesituationofbeingdesperate.F.Whateveryoursymptoms,therearethingsyoucandotodealwithyoursocialanxiety.G.Controllingyourbreathingwhenyousufferanxietyisanothergoodwaytodealwithyouremotions.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.C20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一些緩解社交焦慮的方法?！?6題詳解】空前“Ifyousufferfromsocialanxiety,youwillfearcertainsituations.Somefearspeakinginfrontofgroupsofpeople,whileothersfeargoingtopartiesorothertypesofsocialevents.Inwhicheversituationyourfeararises,you’llprobablyexperiencesweating,flushing,feelingyourheartrace,orothersymptomsofanxiety.(如果你患有社交焦慮癥，你會害怕某些情況。有些人害怕在一群人面前講話，而另一些人害怕參加聚會或其他類型的社交活動(dòng)。無論你在哪種情況下產(chǎn)生恐懼，你可能會感到出汗、臉紅、心跳加速或其他焦慮癥狀)”介紹了恐懼的一些癥狀，空后介紹了幾種緩解社交焦慮癥的方法，因此空格處應(yīng)該指出有方法緩解社交焦慮癥，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Whateveryoursymptoms,therearethingsyoucandotodealwithyoursocialanxiety.(無論你的癥狀是什么，你都可以做一些事情來應(yīng)對你的社交焦慮)”承接空前所說的癥狀，引出了空后的緩解方法，因此F選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Learningtophysicallyrelaxisoneofthebestwaystobatanxiety.(學(xué)會放松身體是對抗焦慮的最好方法之一)”推知，空格處對感到焦慮的時(shí)候放松自己做出評論，D選項(xiàng)“It’simpossibletofeelbothrelaxedandanxious.(既放松又焦慮是不可能的)”符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳解】本段小標(biāo)題是“NumberTwo:Slowbreathing.(第二：緩慢呼吸)”，因此空格處內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與呼吸有關(guān)，G選項(xiàng)“Controllingyourbreathingwhenyousufferanxietyisanothergoodwaytodealwithyouremotions.(當(dāng)你感到焦慮時(shí)控制呼吸是另一種處理情緒的好方法)”與呼吸有關(guān)，因此符合本段主旨，故選G。【19題詳解】空處位于段末應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)空前“Thekeytovisualizationistorememberaplacewhereyoufeltsafeandfortable.Oncey