備戰(zhàn)2022年浙江新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)幫27積極的生活態(tài)度類議論文與句意理解題【考法分析】類型分析記敘文、說明文或議論文常涉及積極的生活態(tài)度類主題，做題時(shí)應(yīng)理順文章各段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系，遇長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，應(yīng)嘗試劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)與成分。如涉及句意理解題，不能憑“一知半解”臆斷句意，應(yīng)利用上下文語境揣摩。考查角度常考細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測(cè)題或句意理解題等。【考法示例】高考真題(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·D)主題語境：積極的生活態(tài)度Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughteriseq\a\vs4\al(seriousabout)beingadoctor)．Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldeq\a\vs4\al(keephisattention)foraboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,pletelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedintheeq\a\vs4\al(simplicity)ofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.1．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter. B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries. D.Earnmoreandspendmore.2．WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetoselleq\a\vs4\al(someofherobjects)？A.Savingupforherholiday. B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.C.Addingthemoneytoherfund. D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.3．Whydidtheauthoreq\a\vs4\al(playtheballwithShepherd)？A.Totryoutanidea. B.Toshowaparent'slove.C.Totrainhisattention. D.Tohelphimstartahobby.【語篇結(jié)構(gòu)】1.提出觀點(diǎn)(第1段)本文以反例引出觀點(diǎn)：livemorewithless(可解第1題)2．事例論證1(第2段)鼓勵(lì)孩子們捐贈(zèng)閑置物品或賣掉東西將錢放入教育基金(可解第3題)3．事例論證2(第3段)以問題形式論證如何能讓孩子們“makeitahabit”(可解第3題)4．得出結(jié)論(第4段)綜合事例1和事例2可得出結(jié)論：少即是多，簡(jiǎn)單的物品也能帶來快樂【技能分析】利用上下文理解句意1．對(duì)比畫線句后一句所提出的：livemorewithless可猜出句意。2．根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞objects定位原文第二段最后一句可推出答案。3．定位原文關(guān)鍵信息determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis，可推斷出作者和孩子玩球的目的。答案1.A2.C3.A【拓展運(yùn)用】1Mywife,daughter,andImovedintoourhomenineyearsagoandwespentalotoftimeandenergyintheyardtogetitlookinglikeitdoestoday.Weliveonacorner,higherthanstreetlevel,andtheentiresideoftheyardissurroundedbyaprofessionallybuiltrockwall.Thefrontofthehousethoughisanotherstorybecauseinsteadofawallalongthesidewalk,therocksappeartobejustthrownupontothedirtasifsomeonewereinahurrytofinish.Wedidthebestwecouldwithwhatwehadtoworkwithandcalledthisareaour“rockgarden”.Wheneverwehadleftoverflowersorplants,DeniseorIwouldstickthemoutfront,justtobringsomecolortothearea.Wewoulddoalloftheyardworkonourown,eventhetiringweedpulling.LastsummerIhadreachedtheendoftherockgardenandfoundatinylittleplantthatIcouldnotimmediatelyidentify,IknewIdidn’tplantitandDeniseclaimedthatshedidn’teither.Wedecidedtoletitcontinuegrowinguntilwecouldfigureoutwhatitwas.WeekspassedandasImademywaybacktothemysteryplant,itappearedtobeaSunflowerwithatallskinnystalk(莖，桿)andonlyoneheadonit.Idecidedtobabyitalongandweedaroundit.AsIpulledrocksfromtheareatogettotheweeds,Inoticedsomethingunusual.TheSunflowerhadnotstartedwhereIsawthestalkbegin.Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthesun.That’swhenIrealizedthatifatinylittleSunflowerdidn’tletabigrockstandinitswayofdeveloping,wetoohavetheabilityofdoingthesamething.OnceourenvironmentbeginstoseethatwebelieveinourselveslikethatlittleSunflower,wecanattainthesamenourishment(營(yíng)養(yǎng))andgrowthaswell.StandtallliketheSunflowerandbeproudofwhoandwhatyouareandtheenvironmentwillbegintosupportyou.Youwillfindawaytogounderoraroundyourbigobstacleinordertoreachyourdesires.1.Whyisthefrontofthehouseanotherstoryaccordingtotheauthor?A.Theworkersfinisheditinahurry.B.Thereisawallalongthesidewalk.C.Thefamilyviewitasarockgarden.D.Therocksarepiledthereatrandom.2.Theauthorfounditunusualthat_______.A.theSunflowergrewunderandaroundabigrockB.theSunflowerhadatallstalkandonlyoneheadC.themysteryplantturnedouttobeaSunflowerD.arockstoodinthewayoftheflower’sgrowth3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheSunflower?A.Braveandstubborn B.ConfidentandpersistentC.Optimisticandmodest D.Mysteriousanddevoted2ThereoncewasamasterwhowenttoIndia.Inthosetimes,peopledidn’thavethemunicationsorairplanesormanykindsoftransportationthatwedonow.SothemasterwenttoIndiaonfoot.HehadneverbeentoIndiabefore;perhapshecamefromPersia.Andwhenhegotthere,hesawalotoffruit.InIndiatheyhaveplentyoffruittosell,butmuchofitisexpensivebecausetheycan’tgrowmuchduetothewatersituation.Sohesawonebasket,abigbasketofsomeveryred,longfruit.Anditwasthecheapestintheshop,notexpensiveatall.Sohewentupandasked,"Howmuchperkilo?"Andtheshopkeepersaid,"Tworupees."TworupeesinIndiaisnothing;it’slikedirt.Soheboughtawholekilogramofthefruitandstartedeatingit.Butafterheatesomeofit:Oh,myGod!Hiseyeswatered,hismouthwateredandburned,hiseyeswereburning,hisheadwasburningandhisfacebecamered.Ashecoughedandchokedandgaspedforbreath,hejumpedupanddown,saying,"Ah!Ah!Ah!"Buthestillcontinuedtoeatthefruit!Somepeoplewhowerelookingathimshooktheirheadsandsaid,"You’recrazy,man.Thosearechilies!Youcan’teatsomany;they’renotgoodforyou!Peopleusethemasacondiment,butonlyalittlebittoputintofoodfortaste.Youcan’tjusteatthembythehandfullikethat;they’renotfruit!"Sothestupidmastersaid:"No,Ican’tstop!Ipaidmoneyforthem,andnowI’lleatthem.It’smymoney!"Andyouthinkthatmasterwasstupid,right?Similarly,wesometimesdoalotofthingslikethat.Weinvestmoney,timeoreffortinarelationship,businessorjob.Andeventhoughit’sbeenalongtime,bitterexperiencetellsusitwon’twork,andweknowthere’snomorehopethatthingswillchangeinthefuture—thiswedefinitelyknowbyintuition—westillcontinuejustbecausewe’veinvestedmoney,time,effortandloveintoit.Ifso,we’rekaputinthebrain.Justlikethemanwhoatethechiliesandsufferedsomuchbutcouldn’tstopbecausehedidn’twanttowastethemoneyhe’dpaid.Soevenifyou’velostsomething,letitgoandmoveon.That’sbetterthancontinuingtolose.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthemaster’sreactiontoeatingtheveryred,longfruit?A.Hiseyesandmouthwateredandwereburning.B.Hiseyes,faceandheadcaughtaburningfire.C.Hecoughed,chokedandgapedforbreath.D.Hejumpedupanddown,makingloudnoise.5.Somepassersby’sattitudetowardsthemaster’seatingchiliesis______.A.negative B.supportive C.enthusiastic D.favorable6.Whatisthewriter’saimofwritingthispassage?A.Toamuseuswithafunnystoryofastubbornmaster.B.Towarnusnottoeattoomuchchilliatonetime.C.Toencourageustocherishwhatwealreadyhave.D.Toteachustoletgooflossesandbepositive.3Ifajobisworthdoing,it’sworthdoingpoorlyfirst.ThesearethewordsofJoelSalatinofPolyfaceFarm.Joel’sopinionisthatwe’veallgrownupwiththeexpression“ifit’sworthdoing,it’sworthdoingright.”Personally,Igrewuphearingitas“ifit’sworthdoing,it’sworthdoingwell.”Yet,asJoelsays,nobodydoesitrightthefirsttime.Joelexplainedthatit’sthiskindofthinkingthatpreventsusfrominnovating(創(chuàng)新)inourownlives.We’refrightenedtodeathtotrynewthings,becausewethinkwehavetogetitrightthefirsttime.Thisisaninnovativefarmer’swisdom.Itresonates(和……類似)wellwithwhatI’velearnedfrommasterteachersaswellaswithresearchonperfectionism.Letmespeakbrieflyofbothofthese.Ihavebeenfortunatetohaveanumberofmentors(導(dǎo)師)inmydevelopmentasateacher.OneofmyfavoritesisaretiredbiologyteacherfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,LeeGass.Leeexplainedtomethatit’snotuntilweknowthatwedon’tknow,it’snotuntilweadmitourignorance,evencelebrateourignorance,thatwecanlearnanythingatall!Whenwelearntoseethatitisthroughadmittingourignoranceandtryingeventhoughitwon’tbeperfectoreven“right”thefirsttimethatwecanlearnanything,wereallystartliving.Someoftheresearchstressestheharmofnottakingthisattitudeinourpursuit(追求).Perfectionismisoftensaidtobetheenemyofthegood.It’salsotheenemyofeventrying.Iforonetakethisfarmer’sadvicetoheart.IdotrymybesttodothingsaswellasIpossiblycan,butIrecognizethatit’sthecreativeprocesswherewelearn,ifwestayatitlongenough.Ifajobisworthdoing,it’sworthdoingpoorlyfirst.7.WhatisJoel’sopinionaboutajobthatisworthdoing?A.Itisworthtrying. B.Itisworthdoingwell.C.Itisworthdoingright. D.Itisworthpleting.8.WhatdoJoelandLeehaveinmon?A.Bothofthemareignorant. B.Bothofthemdoapoorjob.C.Bothofthemlovetheirjobs. D.Bothofthemvalueignorance.9.Whatisthefindingofsomeoftheresearchaccordingtothetext?A.It’simpossibletobeperfect.B.It’sharmfultochangeyourgoal.C.It’sdangeroustoseekperfection.D.It’seasytobeetheenemyofthegood.10.Whatdoestheauthorstressinthelastparagraph?A.Thevalueofcreation. B.Thebenefitoflearning.C.Themeaningoffreedom. D.Theimportanceofaprocess.4Foryears,Iwasintheratrace,mysenseofwonderlost.Gardeningwasmyantidote(解毒藥).Itgavemetimetostop,listenandabsorballthelittledetailsthatnaturehastooffer—nurturingtheearth,plantsandmyselftofightagainsttheaggressionandtirednessofeverydayworkinglife.Iquitmyjobandhadavisionformypany.Iwantedotherstofindthefortthatmygardengaveme.Now,Iwatchmyclientsexperiencetheirowntransformations.Acornerthatwasonceanunwelingplaceofweedsisachild'splayarea;alonelypersonhasaninspiring,evolvingview.Gardeningrequiresustobepresentinthemoment,whilealsoimaginingthefuture.Youmayseeabeautifulflowerandsurpriseforaminuteatthemagicofnature.Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Someebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubeeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.Wherethereoncemayhavebeenbeauty,theremightnowbeanemptyspaceandadeepsenseofsadness...Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.Hopeisoneofmanyemotionsstirredbygardening.Whetheryou'regrowingvegetablestoeat,plantingtinyseedsortendingflowers,thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession.Howyouchoosetogardenisdeeplypersonaltoyou—it'saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers.Thekeyistohaveavision,ideasandbrighthopesforthefuture.11.Whatdoestheauthorbenefitfromgardening?A.Ithelpstodevelopatakeitasitisattitude.B.Itrelievesanxietyaboutlosingthejob.C.Itreleasesherlonelinessanddepression.D.Itteachesheralotofsowingknowledge.12.Whatcanweinferaboutgardeningaccordingtotheauthor?A.It’sbeautiful. B.It'srewarding C.It’sdepressing D.It’scooperative.13.Whatisthebesttitle?A.GardeningforFunB.ASenseofWonderC.SowingSeedsofHopeD.AVisionfortheFuture5Afewyearsago,Iboughtaflat.Itwasatriumphofhopeanddeterminationoverpropertyprices,andthepeakofa20yeardream.ThedayIgotthekeysshouldhavebeenthemostexcitingdayofmylifeandyet,thesecondIopenedthedoor,panicsetin.Ispentmyfirstnightasahomeownerinahotelresearchinghowtosellaflatandwonderingifitwastoolatetochangemymind.Ididn'tsellmyflatbecauseIrememberedwhyIhadwanteditinthefirstplace—buttherearetimeswhenwegetwhatwewantanditsimplyisn'tright.I'vealwaysfoundastrangedisconnectbetweenwantingsomethingandgettingit.Wantingisaplaceofpossibilityand,inastateoflack,thedesireisstrong.Weimaginehowthisthing—anewjoborrelationship—canchangeourlivesandatthesametimeforgetthataddingsomethingtoourlifedoesn'tmeanallourproblemsdisappear.Wecreateanarrativearoundthedesireand,whenwegetit,anditisdifferenttohowwepicturedit,wefeelfrustrated.Forme,thismostoftenoccursinrelationships.Ihaveahabitoffillinginthegapswithpeople,ratherthangettingtoknowthem.Igoonadatewithsomeoneand,insteadofpiecingthemtogetherbrickbybrick,Istarttoimaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewiththeminit.Itshouldn'thavebeenashockthattherealityinnowaymatchedmyfantasy—butitwas.IknewIwantedout,yetpartofmefeltmitted:thiswassomeoneIthoughtIhadwantedforsolong,Icouldn'twalkaway,couldI?Wetendtoshameothersforchangingtheirminds.Ithink,however,it'sfarbravertomovetowardssomethingthatwillbringhappinessthantostayinamiserablesituationtoprotectyourpride.So,whensomeonetellsyouthey'vechangedtheirminds,congratulatethemonknowingthemselveswellenough,andbeingstrongenough,toadmitit.Ittakesalottoecleanaboutgettingitwrong,butthereliefofdoingso—ofsettingourselvesfreefromapersonalshapedhole,isworthiteverytime.14.Whydidtheauthorspendherfirstnightasahomeownerinahotel?A.Theflatwasunderdecoration.B.Shewantedtosellthisterribleflat.C.Theflatwasdifferentfromherdesire.D.Shewastooexcitedtosleepintheflat.15.Whichofthefollowingismostadvisableinrelationshipsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Fillinginthegapswithpeoplearoundyou.B.Gettingtoknowotherslittlebylittlenaturally.C.Imaginingwhatthelifewouldbelikewithothers.D.Spendingplentyoftimetopromotetherelationship.16.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytotellus?A.Neverchangeyourmind.B.Nevergiveupyourfirsttimedream.C.Itisworthwhiletoprotectone'sownpride.D.Itisbravetostepoutofamiserablesituation.17.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Anewflat B.ApersonalshapedholeC.Aproudsoul D.Anunexceptedaccident6IconfessIhesitatedwhentheeditorinchiefofTheNewYorkTimesMagazinetoldmeinlate2014thatIwouldbeeditinganewfrontofbookcolumncalledLetterofRemendation,aboutstuffpeoplereallylike.Thecolumnwasthebrainchildofourstaffwriter,SamAnderson,heexplained.Samfiguredthattherewasnoshortageofplacestofindoutwhatwritershatebutfewspacesforwriterstotalkaboutwhattheylove.Wewouldpushagainstthistrend,900wordsaweek,40somethingtimesperyear.Thereasonformyhesitationwasasimple,unfortunatefactaboutwriting.Writingaboutthingsyouhateiseasy:notjustfun,butgenerative.Thecriticismtendstoentertain,evenifyoudisagree,buttheodedoesn't.Thewriterlytoneiswellsuitedtoourage,butit'shardnottoseeitasacollectivedefensemechanism—asifrevealingyourtruefeelingsexposesyourunmentionablesecretstothepublic.Obsessions（喜歡）,meanwhile,areinseparablefromourpeculiaritiesaspeople—weetolovethingsforoftenweirdreasons.Whenthecolumnreallyworks,it'sasrevealingabouttheauthorasitisitssubject.Onewriter,amaninhislate30s,forexample,remendedPedialyte,whichhedrinkstobalancetheeffectsofbothdrinkingandexercise,andtocheathiswaybacktoyouth.IprobablyseesomewherebetweenthreeandfiveLetterofRemendationpitchesaday.It'sagreatspotfortryingoutnewwritersinthemagazine,soItrymybesttokeepupwithalltheemail,butIoftenfail.（Ifeelgenuinelyterribleaboutthiseverydayofmylife.）Determiningwhichtoassigninvolvesseeinghowitmeetsthevariouscriteriawe'vesettledonovertheyears.Wedon'tlikethecolumntobetimely—everythingelseintheworldistimely.Butontheotherhand,weneedtoputaheadlineonthethingthatpeoplemightreasonablyrecognize,stopandreadabout.Thereshouldbeapersonalangletotheremendation,butalsosomeuniversallyremendableaspect.Butthenagain,itshouldn'tbetooremendable;thisisn'tacolumnforlifehacks.Theremendationitselfshouldbeattractivelyunexpected—"sideways,"aseditorsareperhapstoofondofsaying—butreally,it'sjustanexcusetocutbrilliantwritersloosetoamuseorinspireus.18.SamAndersonproposedacolumncalledLetterofRemendationbecausehefound________.A.thefashiontrendwasnoteasytopushagainstB.therewasashortageofgoodqualitycolumnsC.writerscouldhardlyfindaplacetosharetheirlikesD.hisbrainchildcouldsometimesincreasereadership19.Theword"ode"（inparagraph2）isclosestinmeaningto________.A.praise B.blame C.hesitation D.determination20.Whyisthewriterinhislate30smentionedinparagraph2?A.Togiveanexampleofthewriterlytone.B.Tohighlightthewaythatthecolumnselectswriters.C.Toshowhowacollectivedefensemechanismworks.D.Toillustratehowwritersrevealthemselvesinthecolumn.21.Thewriterhopesthatinthecolumn,________.A.theremendeditemsarequitefamiliartoreadersB.theremendeditemsshouldfollowthelatesttrendC.readerscanlearnaboutlifeskillsfromtheremendationsD.readerswillfindtheremendationsbeyondtheirexpectation7Integrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Theconceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations.Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety,onethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacityforcriticalreflection,doesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.Besides,societiescanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofpeoplelivinginaparticularsociety,thelivesofallfellowpeopleand,initsbroadestsense,eventhedestinyofanation.Bycontrast,ifthoselivinginthesocietyaredishonest,itcouldhavebadeffects,jeopardizingthehealthymoralityofthesociety.Additionally,asocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpectsandrequiresintegrity.Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrity,andpeoplewhoneverpromiseontheirprinciples,couldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentofitsmembers.Beingapartofsuchamorallylivelymunitycouldserveasabasisforabsorbingtraitsofgoodcharacter.Thiscouldbeofadistinctadvantagetoanyindividualsinthesociety.However,somesocialstructuresareofthewrongsortforsomeindividualstopursueintegrity.Ifthatisthecase,wehavetoaskquestionsaboutthemoralnatureofsocietyfirstbeforeraisingquestionsaboutindividualintegrity.Questionsaboutintegritymayturnouttobeaboutwhatkindofsocietyitis,ratherthanabouttherelationshipbetweenindividualinterestsandcharacteristicsofasociety.Thepursuitofadequateindividualintegrityoftendepends,notsomuchonunderstandingwhooneisandwhatonebelievesandismittedto,butratherunderstandingwhatone’ssocietyisandimaginingwhatitcouldbe.Undernocircumstancescanweunderestimatetheimportanceofhumanintegrityinasociety.People,whoarehonest,trustworthy,passionateandcaring,arethefactorsdecisiveinthegrowthofindividualsaswellasthedevelopmentofasociety.22.Individualintegrityhasbeenvaluedinsocietybecause________.A.ithelpsdevelopphilosophy B.itisimportanttosocialrelationsC.itisthebasisofcriticalthinking D.itensurespeople’sparticularroles23.Theunderlinedword“jeopardizing”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.assessing B.strengthening C.destroying D.influencing24.Thewriterbelievesthat________.A.individualintegritydependsonwhatonebelievesB.thenatureofsocietyisdecidedbyeconomicdevelopmentC.thepursuitofindividualintegritychangeswithtimeD.socialstructuresguidetheformationofindividualintegrity25.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?CP:CentralpointP:PointSp:SubpointC:ConclusionA. B. C. D.8Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅(qū)策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltothe