必修第一冊

UNIT4

NATURALDISASTERS過基礎·語基落實攻重難·解惑釋疑測效果·素養提能過基礎·語基落實(一)分類識記單詞——用時少·功效高識記單詞寫對Ⅰ.知其意1．tornadon.

____________2．droughtn.____________3．landsliden.____________4．tsunamin.____________5．magnituden.____________6．helicoptern.____________7．crackn.____________vi.&vt.____________8．brickn.____________9．metaln.____________龍卷風；旋風旱災；久旱(山地或懸崖的)崩塌；滑坡海嘯(地)震級；重大直升機裂紋；裂縫(使)破裂磚；磚塊金屬10．evacuatevt.____________vi.____________11．volcanon.____________12．sheltern.____________vt.____________vi.____________13．hurricanen.____________14．pipen.____________15．kitn.____________16．summaryn.____________疏散；撤出撤離火山避難處；居所；庇護保護；掩蔽躲避(風雨或危險)(尤指西大西洋的)颶風管子；管道成套工具；成套設備總結；概括；概要Ⅱ.寫其形1．________n．災難；災害2．________vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑動3．________n．洪水；大量vi.淹沒；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒4．________vt.摧毀；毀滅5．________vt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動6．________vi.&vt.破壞；毀壞7．________n．電；電能8．________vt.埋葬；安葬9．________vi.&vt.統一；(使)成一體disasterslideflooddestroyaffectruinelectricityburyunify10．__________n．[pl.]補給品；供應(量)；補給vt.供應；供給11．________vi.&vt.輕叩；輕敲；輕拍n.水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲12．________vi.吹口哨；發出笛聲vt.吹口哨n.哨子(聲)；呼嘯聲

13．________n．援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.(formal)幫助；援助14．________vt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n．撞車；碰撞supplytapwhistleaidcrash核心單詞練透1．Itismyfirmbeliefthatonlywithjoint________(努力)canwehaveabettertomorrow.[2022·全國甲卷應用文]2．Whenapproachingthefinishline,heburstintoabigtoothysmileand________(揮手)tomewithexcitement.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷讀后續寫]3．Icometoyou,hatinhand,toapologizeforthe________(損失)Ihadindirectlycausedandtoaskyoutoreconsidermylifetimebanfromthehotel.[2021·全國卷甲]effortswaveddamage4．Afterhehadbeen________(使落入險境)formorethan40hours,hewassavedbya________(救援)team.5．Whilewewereintheirhome,wehelpeddoathoroughcleaning,________(打掃)thefloorandtidyingthehouse.6．Ifyouarelostinthemountains,stay________(鎮靜的)inthefaceofdarkness,lonelinessandtheunknown.7．Apowerfultyphoon________(侵襲)mytownseveralyearsagoandalargenumberofpeoplebecamehomeless.trappedrescuesweepingcalmstruck拓展單詞用活【記全記牢】1．rescuen．&vt.營救；救援→________n．救援者2．revivevt.&vi.復活；(使)蘇醒→________n．振興；復蘇3．wiseadj.明智的→________adj.不明智的→________n．智慧；才智4．suffervt.遭受；蒙受

vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→________n．受難；苦楚→________n．患難者；患病者5．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發；(巖漿、煙等)噴出→________n．噴發6．powern．電力供應；能量；力量；控制力→________adj.強大的；強壯的→powerlessadj.無力的7．delivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達

vt.發表→________n．投遞；送交8．longadj.長的→________n．長；長度→________v．(使)變長rescuerrevivalunwisewisdomsufferingsufferereruptionpowerfuldeliverylengthlengthen【用準用活】9．Peoplewere________toseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyherstepmother.The________news________allthepeoplearound.(shock)10．Masteringsomebasicskillswouldgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof________．Thankstotheswimmingskills，heandhisfriendsucceededin________theterriblefloodandtheyweretheonlytwo________．(survive)shockedshockingshockedsurvivalsurvivingsurvivors11．The________diseasehasaffectedmanypeopleandhascausedatleast30________uptonow.(dead)12．Yesterday，Iclimbedthemountaintopto________thefreshair.AlthoughIbecame________whenIwasonthetop，the________offreshairwasworthit.(breath)13．Theyaretherepresentativesofancientcivilizationandthe________(wise)ofancientfolks.[2021·天津3月卷書面表達]deadlydeathsbreathebreathlessbreathwisdom(二)語境記憶短語——不枯燥·興趣高記全記牢1．____________嚴重受損；破敗不堪2．____________震驚；吃驚3．____________現有(尤指幫助)4．____________挖掘5．____________露天；在戶外6．____________消滅；徹底消除7．____________結束8．____________急救箱9．____________被困在10．____________像往常一樣inruinsinshockonhanddigoutintheopenairsweepawaycometoanendfirstaidkitbetrappedinasusual用準用活選用左欄短語填空1．Jogging,walkingandcycling____________aregoodwaystomakeyouenergetic.[2023·沈陽市質量監測三]2．Everyonewasinshock,thinkingtheworldmustbe____________．3．Hewantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchwork_________thatIwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.4．Theirhouseswere___________bytheflood,sotheyhadtobuildnewones.5．Itisnowonderthatthewholebuildingisnow_________；

itcaughtsobigafirelastnight.intheopenaircomingtoanendonhandsweptawayinruins·會積累聯想拓展·1．后綴-th高頻名詞薈萃①length長度②strength力量③warmth溫暖④width寬度⑤depth深度⑥wealth財富2．各種“驚訝”①astonishingadj.令人驚訝的②astonishedadj.驚訝的③amazingadj.令人吃驚的④amazedadj.吃驚的⑤shockingadj.令人震驚的⑥shockedadj.感到震驚的3．“in＋名詞”短語面面觀①introuble在困境中②indanger處于危險中③inreturn作為回報④inshock震驚；吃驚⑤inorder井然有序⑥inplace在適當的位置(三)仿寫用活句式——造佳句·表達高句式背誦句式仿寫句型1句式：too＋形容詞＋to...“太……而不能……”Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至連豬都太緊張而不吃東西，狗也不愿意進屋里去。1.了解到我為他所做的一切，亨利感動得說不出話來，但他非常高興能成為我的同學。LearningwhatIhaddoneforhim,Henry_____________________butwasoverjoyedtobemyschoolmates.[2022·濟南市5月模擬]wastoomovedtosayanything句型2

bedoingsth.when...“正在做某事，這時……”Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我和我的三個孩子正在吃早餐，這時家里開始灌水。2.我們正在爬山，這時突然下起了傾盆大雨。_______________________itbegantoraincatsanddogs.Wewereclimbingthehillwhen句型3

asif...“似乎/好像……”Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即將來臨！3.童年的一切一下子涌入我的腦海，仿佛剛剛發生似的。Everythinginmychildhoodcroweduponmymind___________________．asifithadjusthappened攻重難·解惑釋疑練學核心單詞1affectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動(?affectionn．喜愛)(1)bedeeply/greatlyaffectedby...被……深深打動beaffectedwith...染上……疾病(2)show/haveanaffectionfor...喜歡……，喜愛……(3)haveaneffect/influenceon...對……有影響[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①________bythoseselflessdoctors,Ihavedevelopedadeep________forthecareer.(affect)[2021·天津卷短文投稿]②Largeamountsofdonationshavebeenfloodingintothe________(affect)areas.③Unluckily，he____________(affect)withaseriousillnessandpassedaway，makingusdepressed.④總的來說，英文報Youth對我有巨大的影響。我經常被報紙中數不清的感人故事深深感動。[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷應用文]Insummary，theEnglishnewspaperYouth________________________________________.______________________countlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.Affectedaffectionaffectedwasaffectedaffectsmegreatly/hasagreateffect/influenceonmeIamoftendeeplyaffectedby2ruinn．&vt.破壞；毀壞(1)lie/beinruins成為廢墟bereducedtoruins淪為廢墟(2)ruinoneself毀掉自己；自取滅亡ruinone'sfame毀壞某人的聲譽

[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①TheearthquakeinTangshancausedgreatdamage,leavingthecityin________(ruin)．②Hemadeamistake,________(ruin)hischanceofgoingabroad.③你改變不了過去，但如果你憂慮未來，將會毀了現在。(讀后續寫主旨升華)Youcan'tchangethepast,butyoucan_________________________________．ruinsruiningruinthepresentbyworryingaboutthefuture3shockn．休克；打擊；震驚；令人震驚的事vt.(使)震驚(?shockedadj.感到震驚的?shockingadj.令人震驚的)(1)beashockto...對……而言是一件震驚的事inshock吃驚地，震驚地(2)beshockedatsth./that...對……感到震驚beshockedtodosth.因做某事而感到震驚

[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子/句式升級(1)Lookingatthehousewhichlayinruins________shock，hecalled911immediatelytorescuetheinjuredpeoplewhoweretrapped.(2)我嚇呆了，覺得自己好像被扔進了一個黑暗的世界。(讀后續寫之恐懼描寫)_________________，

feelingasifIhadbeenthrownintoadarkworld.(3)Thebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin.ElliandIwereshocked.[2020·浙江卷讀后續寫]→①Thebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin,____________________________________________．(定語從句)→②__________________________thebeartoreaholeinthefenceandputhisheadin.(主語從句)inIwasfrozewithshockwhichshockedElliandme/whichmadeElliandmeshockedWhatshockedElliandmewasthat

[練透]句式升級/一句多譯(1)Davidstillrefusedtolookatmeandhisheadwasburiedinhisarms.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷讀后續寫]→①Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,_____________________．(分詞作狀語改寫)→②Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,______________________．(with的復合結構)→③Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,____________________．(用獨立主格)buryinghisheadinhisarmswithhisheadburiedinhisarmshisheadburiedinhisarms(2)我每天專心讀英文報并獲得了豐富多彩的知識。[2021·新高考全國Ⅰ，應用文]①I__________________________________________________andIhavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.②_____________________________________，Ihavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.(分詞短語作狀語)burymyselfin/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereverydayBuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday5suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦(?sufferingn．受苦，遭難?sufferern．受害者；患者)sufferalotofpain遭受巨大的痛苦sufferseveredamage損失慘重sufferfrom遭受；患病[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①Toourshock,hehadbecomeseriouslyill,________(suffer)greatpainanddiscomfort.②Peopleofthedisasterareasufferedalot________thetyphoon，andwatersuppliesandelectricitywerehardtoget.③生活中總有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦難讓我們更加堅強。(讀后續寫之主旨升華)Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlives,_______________________________．(強調句型)sufferingfrombutitisthesufferingthatmakesusstronger6survivevi.生存；存活

vt.幸存；艱難度過(?

survivorn．幸存者

?survivaln．幸存；生還)surviveon靠……存活下來survivesth.幸免于；從……中活過來AsurviveB(by＋時間)A比B活得長(……)[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①Lifeisn'tabouthow_________(survive)thestorm；it'saboutlearningtodanceintherain.(讀后續寫之升華)②Althoughtheoldladysufferedfromaseriousillness，shestillsurvivedherhusband________5years.③Wewilldoeverythinginourpowertohelpthose________(survive)inthetornado.④沒有海洋，任何生物都無法生存，包括人類。[2022·全國甲卷書面表達]Withouttheoceans,_______________________，

humansincluded.tosurvivebysurvivorsnolivingthingswouldsurvive7effectn．影響；結果；效果；效力(?effectiveadj.有效的；有影響的)takeeffect生效；見效comeintoeffect生效haveaneffect/influence/impacton/upon對……產生影響oeffect實施；使……生效/起作用[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod________(effect)whenothersuseit.[2022·全國乙卷]②李白一生創作了大量優秀的詩歌，對中國文化產生了巨大的影響。(介紹信)Duringhislifetime,LiBaiwroteagreatnumberofexcellentpoems,________________________________________________．(定語從句)③為解決這些問題，希望我的建議不久會付諸實施。(建議信)Hopefully,myrecommendationswillsoon________________settletheseproblems.effectiveallofwhichhaveagreateffect/impact/influenceonChineseculturebeputintoeffectto劃重點練全易錯點維度一詞形轉換和動詞形式變化1.Twofifthsofthebuildings____________(destroy)intheearthquakelastweekend,________(leave)thewholeworldshocked.2．Towinanhonourforhiscountry，hedidn'tgiveupevenifhegotinjuredintherace,________(set)agoodexampletoothers.3．________(shock),thegracefulcompetitorjustsmiled________(calm)whenshelearnedthatno________(effect)measureshadbeentaken.4．Uptonowfoodandwater__________________(deliver)tothedisaster-strickenarea,wheremanypeople________(survive)thedisasterareinurgentneedofhelp.weredestroyedleavingsettingShockinglycalmlyeffectivehavebeendeliveredsurviving5．Knowingthatyouwilladjustthebroadcasttimeslot,__________(long)andcolumn,Iamwritingtogivemysuggestions.[2023·武漢市模擬]6．Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam,Ifellontothestones,________(damage)anerveinmyhand.[2021·全國甲卷]7．Bittermemoriescame________(flood)backwhenhedrovebythebridge.8．Totheir________(relieve),withtheguidanceoffather,theysuccessfullymadethebreakfast.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]9．________(trap)inanetaroundtherock,thedolphinwasn'tabletoswimuptogetair.[2023·河北省名校聯盟聯合調研]10．Niketaughtmethatattitudeiseverythinginthegameofwilderness________(survive)．[2023·張家口市三模]lengthdamagingfloodingreliefTrappedsurvival維度二固定用法和搭配TheAlaskaearthquakeofMarch27,1964wasoneofthebiggest①________(disaster)intheearthscience.Asitwasaholiday,manypeoplewereathome.Everythingwasgoingonasusual②________people'shouses③________(shake).Buildings④________(crack)andwaterpipesburst.Itlastedmorethanfourminutesandmanypeoplewereburiedunderthe⑤________(ruin),whowaitedforrescueworkerstocome⑥________theirrescue.Theearthquakeleftpeople⑦________shockanddestroyedmanytownsandagreatnumberofpeoplesuffered⑧________thedisaster.However,theyalldideverythingintheirpower⑨________(rebuild)thecity.disasterswhenshookcrackedruinstoinfromtorebuild掌握短語和句式1句型：too...to...……太……而不能……(1)too＋adj./adv.(forsb.)＋todosth.結構，表否定的意義，意為“太……而不能……”(2)too...to...結構中，too用來修飾表達人的態度、情緒傾向的形容詞如anxious,eager，glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing等時，

不定式則表肯定意義。(3)can't/cannever...too...再怎么……也不過分(教材)Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至豬都緊張得不進食，狗也不愿意進到室內去。[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①MorethanhalfofformerhostcitiesfortheWinterOlympicswillbetoohot________(host)suchgamesbytheendofthiscentury.②Hewas______________(急于知道)theresultofhisexamination.③俗話說，活到老學到老。(讀后續寫主旨升華)Asthesayinggoes,____________________．④那個小女孩癱倒在地，嚇得哭不出來。(讀后續寫之情感描寫)Thelittlegirlsanktotheground,________________．tohosttooeagertoknowit'snevertoooldtolearntoofrightenedtocry2句型：

asif...意為“似乎/好像……”(教材)Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即將來臨！(1)asif/though陳述語氣(真實或極有可能發生的情況)(2)as虛擬語氣(不真實或不可能發生的情況)虛擬現在：did虛擬過去：haddone虛擬將來：would/might/could＋do[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①HecanspeakEnglishveryfluentlyasifhe________(be)anativeEnglishman,soyoucantalktohimfreely.②Jackwasn'tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhe_________(do)somethingveryclever.③靠近房子的時候，我注意到爸爸媽媽站在那輛舊卡車旁邊，一臉悲傷。

好像發生了什么不愉快的事情。[2021·浙江6月卷讀后續寫]Uponapproachingthehouse,Inoticedmydadandmomstandingbesidetheoldtruck,lookingsad.__________________________________．(讀后續寫之情緒描寫)werehaddoneItseemedasifsomethingunpleasanthappened3句型：bedoingsth.when...正在做某事這時(突然)……(教材)Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我和我的三個孩子正在吃早飯突然水開始涌入家中。句中when用作并列連詞，意為“這時突然”。when表示“這時突然”之意，還用于以下三種句型：beabouttodo...when...正要做……突然……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……突然……had(just)done...when...剛做完……這時突然……[練透]單句語法填空/完成句子①I____________(search)theInternetfortherelevantinformationwhenmycellphonerang.②他們正要在戶外搭起帳篷，這時一聲響亮的口哨聲把他們嚇壞了。(讀后續寫情感描寫)Theywereonthepointofputtingupthetentintheopenair___________________________．③媽媽剛睡醒，就聞到一陣食物誘人的味道。[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷讀后續寫]Mother___________________shesmeltaninvitingsmelloffood.wassearchingwhenaloudwhistlefrightenedthemhadjustwokenupwhen劃重點練透熱考點維度一單句語法填空/完成句子/詞匯升級/一句多譯1.Everyonewas________shock,thinkingtheworldmustbecomingto________end.2．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.3．Somechildren____________(slide)ontheicehappilywhentheyheardsomeonecryingforhelp.4．今天，我很榮幸能在這里發表題為《勞動最美》的演講。

[2023·汕頭市模擬]Today,I'msohonoredtobehereand__________________“TheFruitofLaborIsSweetest.”inanwhowereslidingdeliverthespeechtitled5．此外，這次競爭將會給你提供一個機會，幫助你發展創造力，與志同道合的同學建立友誼。①Moreover，thecompetitionwill__________________________todevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.②Moreover，thecompetitionwill__________________todevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.6．一陣恐慌席卷了她，但她強迫自己平靜地離開了房間。(讀后續寫之恐懼心理描寫)①________________________，butsheforcedherselftoleavetheroomcalmly.②__________________________，

butsheforcedherselftoleavetheroomcalmly.supply/provideyouwithachancesupplyachancetoyouAwavepanicsweptoverherAburstofpanicfloodedoverher維度二應用文練習根據提示，運用本單元的詞匯、短語及句式或使用詞匯的正確形式完成下面的語篇DearSir/Madam，①_________________________________________(我寫信感謝你的及時救援)，withoutwhichmylifecouldn'treturntonormal.Afewdaysago，②__________________________________________(一場極其可怕的地震襲擊了我的家鄉)，leavingmanyhousesinruins.③________(shock)tofindeverythingburiedunderthefallenhouses,Iburstintotears.④____________________________(世界似乎到了盡頭).Thankfully,althoughyouwerestrangers,you⑤_______________(不遺余力)provideenoughfoodandwaterforustosurviveon.I'mwritingtoexpressmythanksforyourtimelyrescueanextremelyfrighteningearthquakestruckmyhometownShockedItseemedasiftheworldwasatanendsparednoeffortstoWithstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandyourgenerousaid,anewtownwasbuiltupontheearthquake⑥________(ruin).Ican'texpressmygratitudetoomuch.Yourssincerely，LiHuaruins測效果·素養提能維度一清除閱讀障礙Ⅰ.一詞多義練根據語境選出加黑詞strike的含義A．v.打動

B．v.使突然想起C．n.罷工 D.v.(災難、疾病等)襲擊E.v.達成(協議，妥協)

F．v.敲鐘1．WhenIenteredtheroom，theclockhadjuststruck10.________2．Moreimportantly,everyyearalargenumberoftouristsarestruck/strickenbythecharmofthefamoussightsinBeijing.[2021·天津3月卷書面表達]________FA3．Somelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]__________4．Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldaystogetahigherpay.________5．Abigearthquakestruckthecitylastyear，killinghundredsofpeople.________6．I