專題02閱讀理解（說明文）1.【2023屆湖北省華中師范大學附中第二次質量檢測試題】Forthefirsttime,UnitedNationsmembershaveagreedonaunifiedtreaty(協議)toprotectbiodiversityonthehighseas,representingaturningpointforvaststretchesoftheplanetwhereconservationhaspreviouslybeenheldbackbyaconfusingpatchwork(拼湊)oflaws.TheUNConventionontheLawoftheSeacameintoforcein1994,beforemarinebiodiversitywasawellestablishedconcept.Anupdatedframeworktoprotectmarinelifeintheregionsoutsidenationalboundarywaters,knownasthehighseas,hadbeenindiscussionsformorethan20years,butpreviouseffortstoreachanagreementhadrepeatedlyfailed.Theunifiedtreaty,whichappliestonearlyhalftheplanet’ssurface,wasreachedlateonSaturday.UNSecretaryGeneralAntonioGuterreswelesthefinalizationofthetextoftheUnitedNationsOceanTreaty,hisspokesmansaidonSaturday.“Thisbreakthrough,whichcoversnearlytwothirdsoftheocean,markstheculminationofnearlytwodecadesofworkandbuildsonthelegacy(遺產)oftheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea,”astatementsaid.NicholaClark,anoceanexpertatthePewCharitableTrustscalledthelongawaitedtreatytext“aonceinagenerationopportunitytoprotecttheoceansamajorwinforbiodiversity”.Thetreatywillcreateanewbodytomanagetheconservationofoceanlifeandestablishmarineprotectedareasonthehighseas.Clarksaidthat’scriticaltoachievingtheUNBiodiversityConference’srecentpromisetoprotect30percentoftheplanet’swaters,forconservation.Thetreatyalsoestablishesgroundrulesforconductingenvironmentalimpactassessmentsformercialactivitiesintheoceans.TreatynegotiationswereinitiallyanticipatedtoconcludeonFriday,butstretchedthroughthenightintoSaturday.Themakingofthetreatyrepresents“ahistoricandoverwhelmingsuccessforinternationalmarineprotection,”saidSteffiLemke,Germany’senvironmentminister.8．WhatcanwelearnabouttheUNConventionontheLawoftheSea?A．ItisthebasisoftheUNOceanTreaty. B．Itleadstoalotofcontroversy.C．Ithasbeendiscussedforover20years. D．Itisapletefailure.9．Whichofthefollowingcouldreplacetheunderlinedword“culmination”inParagraph3?A．Beginning. B．Impact. C．End. D．Break.10．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．mercialoceanactivitieswillbemonitored.B．Preservationof30%oftheplanetwillbeensured.C．Protectedareasonthehighseaswillbeexpanded.D．Anexistingdepartmentwillmanagetheconservation.11．WhyisthemakingoftheUNoceantreatyrecognizedasahistoricsuccess?A．Ittakestoughandlongnegotiations.B．Thehighseasarestressedforthefirsttime.C．Unityinprotectingthehighseasisachieved.D．Theconceptofmarinebiodiversityisestablished.【答案】8．A

9．C

10．A

11．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是保護公海海洋生物多樣性的統一條約達成一致，并分析了這一條約達成一致的成因與意義。8．推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“TheUNConventionontheLawoftheSeacameintoforcein1994,beforemarinebiodiversitywasawellestablishedconcept.Anupdatedframeworktoprotectmarinelifeintheregionsoutsidenationalboundarywaters,knownasthehighseas,hadbeenindiscussionsformorethan20years,butpreviouseffortstoreachanagreementhadrepeatedlyfailed.(《聯合國海洋法條約》于1994年生效，當時海洋生物多樣性還沒有成為一個公認的概念。保護國家邊界水域以外區域（稱為公海）海洋生物的最新框架已經討論了20多年，但以前為達成協議所作的努力一再失敗。)”可知，過去20多年一直對公海海洋生物多樣性的保護法進行討論，但都最終以失敗而告終，所以這一成立于1994年的聯合國海洋保護法應該是聯合國海洋條約的基礎。故選A項。9．詞義猜測題。根據第一段中的“Forthefirsttime,UnitedNationsmembershaveagreedonaunifiedtreaty(協議)toprotectbiodiversityonthehighseas(聯合國成員國首次就保護公海生物多樣性的統一條約達成一致)”可知，聯合國成員國第一次就公海保護生物多樣性簽訂了條約約，劃線單詞前的“breakthroughmarks(突破標志著)”以及劃線單詞后的“nearlytwodecadesofworkandbuildsonthelegacy(遺產)oftheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea.(近二十年的工作，并以《聯合國海洋法條約》的遺產為基礎。)”可知，這里的突破指的是“聯合國海洋條約”的簽署，也就標志著過去20年對保護海洋法討論的結束。故選C項。10．細節理解題。根據第四段中的“Thetreatyalsoestablishesgroundrulesforconductingenvironmentalimpactassessmentsformercialactivitiesintheoceans.(該條約還確立了對海洋商業活動進行環境影響評估的基本規則。)”可知，該條約還制定了商業海洋活動對海洋造成影響的評估規則，由此可以推斷，該條約也會對商業海洋活動進行監管。故選A項。11．推理判斷題。根據首段“Forthefirsttime,UnitedNationsmembershaveagreedonaunifiedtreaty(協議)toprotectbiodiversityonthehighseas,representingaturningpointforvaststretchesoftheplanetwhereconservationhaspreviouslybeenheldbackbyaconfusingpatchwork(拼湊)oflaws.(聯合國成員國首次就保護公海生物多樣性的統一條約達成一致，這代表了地球上大片地區的一個轉折點，這些地區的保護工作以前一直受到混亂的法律拼湊的阻礙。)”可知，聯合國成員國就保護公海生物多樣性的統一條約達成一致意見，對廣大被一些拼湊法律阻止保護海洋的地區來說是一個很大的轉折點，這也就意味著眾多公海保護海洋生物多樣性的統一得以實現，所以，這一條約的簽訂是歷史性的成功。故選C項。2.【2023屆福建省福州市高三第二次質量檢測】WHENKIMJIUNlivedinSeoul,sheworriedaboutfindingagoodjob.Now,sheisworriedthatdroughtmayruinhercrop.The23yearoldstartedafarmlastyear.Herfirstharvestwasasuccess;shewassurprisedthatherblackbeansdidbetterthanherstrawberries.MsKimispartofaphenomenoncalledkitchen,orreturningtorurallife.Coinedamillenniumago,thetermcropsupduringperiodsofeconomichardship.Thistime,inthewakeofthepandemic,manynewfarmershaveneverlivedinthecountrysidebefore.Byplantingyoungfarmersinruralareas,thegovernmenthopestoenjoybigrewardsinfuture.Theplanisworking.In2021nearly380,000peoplemovedtothecountryside.fortwithdigitaltechnologygivesyoungfarmersalegup,saysChoKyungik,thedirectoroftheBeginningFarmer’sCentre,aninstitutioneducatingthosewhowishtokwichonatitsdowntownoffices.TheysellfreshproduceonNaver,SouthKorea’slargestsearchengine.Thecentreteachestechniqueslikehowtouseatractor(拖拉機)orselectthebestcrops.Itarrangesatrialperiodduringwhichambitiousfarmersworkundertheguidanceofanoldhand,learningwhatitmeanstodobackbreakinglabourfromdawntodusk.Themostimportantlessonishowtogetonwiththelocals.Thevillagersarealsoofferedtipsonhowtoacttowardsthenewers.Thatpartisnotyetatotalsuccess.MsKimsaysherneighbourshaveabadtemper.“Theoldpeopleeinhereandgivemeunwantedadvice,orsaythatIwillneverbeabletogrowanything,”shesays.Herblackbeansbegtodiffer.SheandtheSouthKoreangovernmentwillbehopingthathercropsputtheargumenttorestforgood.4．WhydoesthewritertellMsKim’sstory?A．Tostartadiscussion.B．Tointroduceatopic.C．Toexplainasolution.D．Tomakeaparison.5．Whatdoestheunderlined“alegup”inparagraph3mean?A．Anewidentity.B．Ahelpinghand.C．Abigreward.D．Adifferentidea.6．Whatisthechallengefortheyoungfarmers?A．Farmingtechniques.B．Hardwork.C．municativeskills.D．Unwantedadvice.7．WhatcanweinferfromkwichoninSouthKorea?A．Farmingmakeshugeprofits.B．Localsneedtechnicaltraining.C．Ithelpstoreviveruralareas.D．Governmentshouldhelpfarmers.【答案】4．B

5．B

6．C

7．C【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了韓國越來越多的年輕人遠離城市喧囂、回歸田園生活的現象。4．推理判斷題。第一段“WHENKIMJIUNlivedinSeoul,sheworriedaboutfindingagoodjob.Now,sheisworriedthatdroughtmayruinhercrop.(當KIMJIUN住在首爾時，她擔心找不到一份好工作。現在，她擔心干旱會毀了她的莊稼)”提到Kim女士從城市回歸農村，下文講述了韓國出現的“回歸農村生活”的現象，故第一段提到Kim女士是為了引入本文話題。故選B。5．短語猜測題。根據第三段最后一句“TheysellfreshproduceonNaver,SouthKorea’slargestsearchengine.(他們在韓國最大的搜索引擎Naver上銷售新鮮農產品)”可知，年輕農民可以在數字技術的幫助下在線上銷售農產品，由此可推知，畫線短語所在句意為“對數字技術的適應給年輕農民提供了幫助”，alegup意為“幫助”，故選B。6．細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Themostimportantlessonishowtogetonwiththelocals.(最重要的一課是如何與當地人相處)”可知，年輕農民面臨的挑戰是學習溝通技巧。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據第二段最后一句“Byplantingyoungfarmersinruralareas,thegovernmenthopestoenjoybigrewardsinfuture.(政府希望通過在農村地區培養年輕農民，在未來獲得巨大的回報)”及第三段內容“Theplanisworking.In2021nearly380,000peoplemovedtothecountryside.fortwithdigitaltechnologygivesyoungfarmersalegup,saysChoKyungik,thedirectoroftheBeginningFarmer’sCentre,aninstitutioneducatingthosewhowishtokwichonatitsdowntownoffices.TheysellfreshproduceonNaver,SouthKorea’slargestsearchengine.(這個計劃正在奏效。2021年，近38萬人遷往農村。‘新手農民中心’主任ChoKyungik說，對數字技術的適應給年輕農民提供了幫助，該中心在市中心的辦公室里為那些想要歸村的人提供教育。他們在韓國最大的搜索引擎Naver上銷售新鮮農產品)”可知，年輕人從城市回歸農村有助于振興農村地區。故選C。3.【2023屆福建省廈門一中高三下學期二模試題】Toomuchtimespentongaming,smartphonesandwatchingtelevisionislinkedtoheightenedlevelsanddiagnoses(診斷)ofanxietyordepressioninchildrenasyoungasage2,accordingtoanewstudy.Evenafteronlyonehourofscreentimedaily,childrenandteensmaybegintohavelesscuriosity,lowerselfcontrol,lessemotionalstabilityandagreaterinabilitytofinishtasks,reportsSanDiegoStateUniversitypsychologistJeanTwengeandUniversityofCeorgiapsychologyprofessorW.KeithCampbell.Theywereparticularlyinterestedinassociationsbetweenscreentimeanddiagnosesofanxietyanddepressioninyouth,whichhasnotyetbeenstudiedingreatdetail.TwengeandCampbellfoundadolescentswhospendmorethansevenhoursadayonscreensweretwiceaslikelyasthosespendingonehourtohavebeendiagnosedwithanxietyordepression.Overall,linksbetweenscreentimeandwellbeingwerelargeramongadolescentsthanamongyoungchildren.“Atfirst,Iwassurprisedthattheassociationswerelargerforadolescents,”Twengesaid.“However,adolescentsspendmoretimeontheirphonesandonsocialmedia,andtheseactivitiesaremorestronglylinkedtolowwellbeingthanwatchingtelevisionandvideos,whichismostofyoungerchildren’sscreentime.”ThestudyprovidesfurtherevidencethattheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics’(AAP)establishedscreentimelimits—onehourperdayforthoseaged2to5,withafocusonhighqualityprograms—arevalid(有效的),Twengesaid.Thestudyalsosuggeststhatsimilarlimits—perhapstotwohoursadayshouldbeappliedtoschoolagedchildrenandadolescents,saidTwenge.Intermsofprevention,establishingpossiblecausesandoutesoflowpsychologicalwellbeingisespeciallyimportantforchildandadolescentpopulations.“Halfofmentalhealthproblemsdevelopbyadolescence,”TwengeandCampbellwroteintheirpaper.8．WhatdoweknowaboutTwengeandCampbell’sstudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Itrequiresfurtherresearch.B．Itbringschildrenlessfort.C．Itneedsgreaterabilitytofinish.D．Itgeneratesmorepublicconcern.9．Whatisareasonforthedifferentdegreesofimpactonchildren?A．Theeffectsoftheharmfulcontents.B．Teens’strongeraddictiontoscreens.C．Theportabilityofelectronicdevices.D．Teens’negativeemotionsatdiscipline.10．WhichofthefollowingdotheresearcherswantAAPtodo?A．Providehighqualityprograms.B．Issueminimumscreentimelimits.C．Applythelimitstoolderchildren.D．Presentfurtherevidenceforprevention.11．Whatdoesthisstudyfocuson?A．Adolescents’mentalproblems.B．Thebadhabitsoftheyoungadults.C．Lowlevelofmentalhealthinyouth.D．Theimportanceoftheyoungpopulation.【答案】8．A

9．B

10．C

11．A【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發現結果，該研究表明，在游戲、智能手機和看電視上花費太多時間與兒童或青少年的焦慮或抑郁水平升高和診斷有關。8．推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Theywereparticularlyinterestedinassociationsbetweenscreentimeanddiagnosesofanxietyanddepressioninyouth,whichhasnotyetbeenstudiedingreatdetail.(他們對屏幕使用時間與青少年焦慮和抑郁診斷之間的關系特別感興趣，這一點尚未得到詳細研究。)”可推斷，Twenge和Campbell的研究還需要更進一步。故選A。9．細節理解題。根據文章第四段““Atfirst,Iwassurprisedthattheassociationswerelargerforadolescents,”Twengesaid.“However,adolescentsspendmoretimeontheirphonesandonsocialmedia,andtheseactivitiesaremorestronglylinkedtolowwellbeingthanwatchingtelevisionandvideos,whichismostofyoungerchildren’sscreentime.”(“起初，我很驚訝這種聯系在青少年中更大，”特溫格說。“然而，青少年花在手機和社交媒體上的時間更多，這些活動與低幸福感的聯系比看電視和視頻更緊密，而電視和視頻是年幼兒童的大部分屏幕時間。”)”可知，青少年對于屏幕的使用時間更長，所以影響更大。故選B。10．細節理解題。根據文章第五段“ThestudyprovidesfurtherevidencethattheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics’(AAP)establishedscreentimelimits—onehourperdayforthoseaged2to5,withafocusonhighqualityprograms—arevalid(有效的),Twengesaid.Thestudyalsosuggeststhatsimilarlimits—perhapstotwohoursadayshouldbeappliedtoschoolagedchildrenandadolescents,saidTwenge.(Twenge說，這項研究進一步證明了美國兒科學會(AAP)制定的屏幕時間限制是有效的——2至5歲兒童每天一小時，重點是高質量的節目。Twenge說，這項研究還表明，學齡兒童和青少年也應該受到類似的限制，可能是每天兩小時。)”可知，Twenge希望AAP能把這種限制用于年齡較大的兒童。故選C。11．推理判斷題。根據全文內容以及最后一段“Intermsofprevention,establishingpossiblecausesandoutesoflowpsychologicalwellbeingisespeciallyimportantforchildandadolescentpopulations.“Halfofmentalhealthproblemsdevelopbyadolescence,”TwengeandCampbellwroteintheirpaper.(在預防方面，確定心理健康低下的可能原因和結果對兒童和青少年人群尤其重要。Twenge和Campbell在他們的論文中寫道：“一半的心理健康問題是在青春期出現的。”)”可推斷，他們的研究重點在青少年的心理健康方面。故選A。4.【2023屆廣東省廣州天河區高三二模試題】Thisparagraphisnotordinary.Lookatit.Atfirst,itwon’tlooktooodd.Justanormalparagraph—youmaythink.Butlookatitagainandyoumightfinditabitunusual.Canyouspotit?Isanything...missing?Whatyou’vejustreadisalipogramatextwithoutaparticularletter.Itisthehardestkindasitdoesn’tcontaintheletterEthemostmonletterintheEnglishlanguage.Trywritingoneyourselfandyou’llimaginethetaskfacedbytheFrenchwriterGeorgesPerec,whenafriendchallengedhimtowriteawholenovelwithoutusingEaletterwhichisevenmoremoninFrench.Perecwasafrighteninglycleverwriter,aloverofwordgamesandpuzzlesandalsoamasteroftheChineseboardgameGo.AswellaswritingcrosswordpuzzlesforParismagazines,hehadalreadywrittena5,000wordpalindrome,atextthatreadsthesameforwardsandbackwards,likethewellknown“Aman,aplan,acanalPanama.”Buthisfriendsthoughtthistaskwouldbebeyondhim.Perectookupthechallenge.Hewasunabletousemorethan70%oftheFrenchwords,includingthosemostmonlyused.Surprisingly,hediscoveredthis“impossible”ruleunlockedhisimagination.Helaterclaimedhewrotethisnovelfasterthananyofhisotherbooks.Hewasforcedtothinkandfightforeverysentence.Hehadnochoicebuttobeoriginal.TheresultwasLaDisparition,adetectivestoryaboutthemysteriousdisappearanceofacharacternamedA．Vowl.TheonlyEswerethefourinhisnameonthecover.Despitethedozensofcluesaboutthefantasticallydifficultrule,manyoriginalreviewersfailedtospotwhatwasstaringtheminthefaces—themissingletter.Embarrassingforthecritics,buthilariousforthewriterandhisfriends.Fortunately,thegamePerecwasplayingdidnotdestroythebookitself.Everysentenceseemstwistedslightlyoutofshape,andtheresultingstyleisunique.8．Whydoesthewriterstartwithalipogram?A．ToprovePerec’sworkishard.B．TointroducePerec’stoughtask.C．Todemonstratewhatalipogramis.D．Tochallengereaderstowriteone.9．WhichofthefollowingisNOTapalindrome?A．Madam. B．Nursesran.C．NoXinNixon. D．Nolemons,nomelon.10．WhatdidPerecthinkofthechallengehetookup?A．Itforcedhimtowritefaster. B．Itenrichedhiswritingstyles.C．Nowriterbuthecouldmakeit. D．Itfreedhiscreativityinwriting.11．Whatdoestheunderlineword“hilarious”meaninparagraph5?A．Confusing. B．Surprising. C．Verylucky. D．Extremelyfunny.【答案】8．B

9．B

10．D

11．D【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了佩雷克是一位聰明得驚人的作家，熱愛文字游戲和謎題，也是中國棋盤游戲圍棋的大師。8．推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Whatyou’vejustreadisalipogramatextwithoutaparticularletter.Itisthehardestkindasitdoesn’tcontaintheletterEthemostmonletterintheEnglishlanguage.(你剛剛讀到的是一篇漏字文——一篇沒有特定字母的文章。它是最難的一種，因為它不包含字母E——英語中最常見的字母)”可知，文章開頭提到的漏字文是最難的一種，由此為了介紹佩雷克的艱巨任務。故選B。9．推理判斷題。根據第三段中“AswellaswritingcrosswordpuzzlesforParismagazines,hehadalreadywrittena5000wordpalindrome,atextthatreadsthesameforwardsandbackwards,likethewellknown“Aman,aplan,acanalPanama.”(除了為巴黎的雜志寫填字游戲，他還寫了一篇5000字的回文，前后讀起來是一樣的，比如著名的“Aman,aplan,acanalPanama.”)”可知，回文是一種正反讀都一樣的詞語，構成一種對稱結構。B選項不符合該特點。故選B。10．細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Perectookupthechallenge.Hewasunabletousemorethan70%oftheFrenchwords,includingthosemostmonlyused.Surprisingly,hediscoveredthis“impossible”ruleunlockedhisimagination.(佩雷克接受了挑戰。他不能使用超過70%的法語單詞，包括那些最常用的單詞。令人驚訝的是，他發現這個“不可能”的規則釋放了他的想象力。)”可知，佩雷克認為他所接受的挑戰釋放了他在寫作上的創造力。故選D。11．詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞前面的句子“Despitethedozensofcluesaboutthefantasticallydifficultrule,manyoriginalreviewersfailedtospotwhatwasstaringtheminthefaces—themissingletter.Embarrassingforthecritics(盡管關于這條極其困難的規則有幾十條線索，但許多最初的評審者都沒有發現他們臉上正在盯著的東西——丟失的字母。對評論家來說很尷尬，)”可知，不知道有缺失的字母對于評論家來說這是很尷尬的事情，其與后文構成轉折關系，但是對于作者和他的朋友來說這是極大的樂趣。故劃線詞hilarious與D選項Extremelyfunny為同義詞，意為“非常有趣的”。故選D。5.【2023屆湖北省十一校第二次聯考英語試題】Recently,Googleresearcherspublishedapaperdescribingresultsfromanartificialintelligence(AI)tool,calledMusicLM,builttocreatemusic.ItisnotthefirstAImusictooltolaunch.ButtheexamplesGoogleprovidesdemonstratemusicalcreativeabilitybasedonalimitedsetofdescriptivewords.AIshowshowplexputersystemshavebeentrainedtobehaveinhumanlikeways.GoogleengineersexplaintheMusicLMsystemthisway:First,auseresupwithawordorwordsthatdescribethekindofmusictheywantthetooltocreate.Forexample,ausercouldenterthisshortphraseintothesystem:“acontinuouscalmingviolinbackedbyasoftguitarsound.”Thedescriptionsenteredcanincludedifferentmusicstyles,instrumentsorotherexistingsounds.SeveraldifferentmusicexamplesproducedbyMusicLMwerepublishedonline.Someofthegeneratedmusiccamefromjustoneortwoworddescriptions,suchas“jazz”,or“techno”.Thesystemcreatedotherexamplesfrommoredetaileddescriptionscontainingwholesentences.Intheresultingrecording,themusicseemstokeepveryclosetothedescription.Theteamsaidthatthemoredetailedthedescriptionis,thebetterthesystemcanattempttoproduceit.Inadditiontogeneratingnewmusicfromwrittendescriptions,theteamsaidthesystemcanalsocreateexamplesbasedonaperson’sownsinging,whistlingorplayinganinstrument.Theresearcherssaidthetool“produceshighqualitymusic...overseveralminutes,whilebeingfaithfultothetextconditioningsignal”.Althoughithasn’tbeenreleasedforpublicuse,Googleannounceditwasreleasinga“highqualitydataset(數據集)”ofmorethan5,500musicwritingpairspreparedbyprofessionalmusicianscalledMusicCaps.TheresearcherstookthatsteptoassistinthedevelopmentofotherAImusicgenerators.TheMusicLMresearcherssaidtheybelievetheyhavedesignedanewtooltohelpanyonequicklyandeasilycreatehighqualitymusicselections.However,theteamsaiditalsorecognizessomeriskslinkedtothemachinelearningprocess8．HowdoesMusicLMwork?A．Itadaptsmusicfromrecordings.B．Itgeneratesmusicfromwrittendescriptions.C．Itteachesusershowtoplayamusicalinstrument.D．Itremendssongsbasedonauser’slisteninghistory.9．WhydidGooglereleasetheMusicCapsdataset?A．TodisplaythecapabilitiesofMusicLM.B．ToallowthepublictouseMusicLM.C．TohelpdevelopotherAImusicgenerators.D．TopromotetheMusicCapsmusicwritingservice.10．WhatmightbeanadvantageofusingMusicLMformusiccreation?A．Itcanimprovetheoverallqualityofmusicintheindustry.B．Itcanreplacehumanmusiciansandposers.C．Itcanproducemusicthatismoreplexthanhumanmademusic.D．Itcancreatemusicquicklyandefficiently.11．Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A．GooglehasdevelopedMusicLMAtocreatemusicfromwrittendescriptionsandotherinputs.B．MusicLManexampleofAIsystemscanbehaveinhumanlikeways.C．MusicLMcancreatemusicfollowingwrittendescriptionsandusingothersasinput.D．GooglehasreleasedadatasettohelpdevelopotherAImusicgenerators.【答案】8．B

9．C

10．D

11．A【導語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了谷歌研發出叫做MusicLM的AI智能工具，這種AI工具可以根據書面描述和其他輸入創建音樂。8．細節理解題。根據第二段的“First,auseresupwithawordorwordsthatdescribethekindofmusictheywantthetooltocreate.(首先，用戶想出一個或多個詞來描述他們希望該工具創建的音樂類型)”可知，MusicLMS是根據用戶輸入描述他們想要的音樂類型然后創造出與之有關的音樂。故選B。9．細節理解題。根據第四段的“TheresearcherstookthatsteptoassistinthedevelopmentofotherAlmusicgenerators.(研究人員采取這一步驟是為了幫助開發其他AI音樂生成器)”可知，研究人員發布數據集是幫助其他人工智能音樂生成器。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“TheMusicLMresearcherssaidtheybelievetheyhavedesignedanewtooltohelpanyonequicklyandeasilycreatehighqualitymusicselections.(MusicLM的研究人員表示，他們相信自己已經設計了一種新的工具，可以幫助任何人快速輕松地創作高質量的音樂)”推知，使用MusicLM創作音樂的優勢是，它能快速且高效地創作音樂。故選D。11．主旨大意題。根據第一段的“Recently,Googleresearcherspublishedapaperdescribingresultsfromanartificialintelligence(AI)tool,calledMusicLM,builttocreatemusic.(最近，谷歌的研究人員發表了一篇論文，描述了一種名為MusicLM的人工智能工具的結果，該工具是為創作音樂而構建的)”和第二段的“First,auseresupwithawordorwordsthatdescribethekindofmusictheywantthetooltocreate.(首先，用戶想出一個或多個詞來描述他們希望該工具創建的音樂類型)”以及“Someofthegeneratedmusiccamefromjustoneortwoworddescriptions,suchas“jazz”,or“techno”.(一些生成的音樂只來自一兩個詞的描述，比如“爵士樂”或“電子音樂”)”以及文章整個內容可知，文章介紹了谷歌研發出叫做MusicLM的AI智能工具，這種AI工具可以根據書面描述和其他輸入創建音樂。故選A。6.【2023屆湖南省衡陽市高三二模英語試題】Doyoueverfeelguiltyforrelaxing,evenafteryou’veworkedhardallday?Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?Youmaybeexperiencingproductivitydysmorphia(生產力畸形).Itisawaytodescribethefeelingoffailingtorecognizeyouracplishmentsandwantingtocontinuedoingmore,evenwhenyou’rerunningonfumes.AuthorAnnaCodreaRadowhowroteanarticleaboutproductivitydysmorphiaclaimed“itisthepursuitofproductivitythatdrivesustodomorewhilerobbingusoftheabilitytoenjoyanysuccesswemightencounteralongtheway”.Highlypetitiveandjobledculturecontributetoconstantlypursuingproductivitythateatsawayatotherareasoflife.Infact,you’reoftenpraisedforputtingproductivityaboveyourwellbeing.Rememberhowschoolsrewardedperfectattendance?Similarly,paniespreferemployeeswhogetthemaximumworkdonewhiletakingthefewestpossiblebreaks.Rewardslikethesehavestrengthenedthatrestisbadandthatbeingconstantlyatworkistherightthingtodo.Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsomewheretoenjoyleisuretime.Habitslikethesemaybebornoutofthesocialpressuretofindselfworthinworkachievements.Somewritershaveevenbegundescribingrestasproductive,asifpeopleshouldstoprelaxingifitdoesn’timproveperformanceinsomeway.Notonlydoesthismindsetmakeitdifficulttoviewandcelebrateyourachievements,butitalsopushesyoutobuildyourentirelifearoundwork.Theonlymilestonesthatmatterareachievingworkgoals.Theworstpart?There’snosenseoffulfillmentwhenyoureachthesegoals.8．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“runningonfumes”meaninParagraph1?A．Tired. B．Excited. C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.9．Whichisthereasonforconstantlypursuingproductivity?A．Minorpetitiveness. B．Pressurefromjobs.C．Instructionsfromtheboss. D．Internalizedneeds.10．Whichmaybeanexampleofproductivitydysmorphia?A．Amanpletesworkinworkinghours. B．Amanenjoysleisuretimewithhisfamily.C．Awomanworkseverywhereatanytime. D．Awomanstopsforarelaxationregularly.11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedescriptionofsomewriters?A．Favorable. B．Negative. C．Unconcerned. D．Neutral.【答案】8．A

9．D

10．C

11．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。本文說明了“生產力畸形”概念的產生，其形成的原因，以及對人們生活的影響。8．詞句猜測題。根據第一段“Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?(你是否覺得自己應該做更多的工作，盡管你已經工作了很長時間，幾乎筋疲力盡了？)”以及畫線詞上文“Itisawaytodescribethefeelingoffailingtorecognizeyouracplishmentsandwantingtocontinuedoingmore,evenwhenyou’re”可知，生產力畸形是在你極度疲勞的狀態下，仍然想繼續工作，對自己已完成的工作沒有成就感的一種體驗。故畫線詞意思是“疲憊的”。故選A項。9．細節理解題。根據第三段“Highlypetitiveandjobledculturecontributetoconstantlypursuingproductivitythateatsawayatotherareasoflife.(高度競爭和以工作為主導的文化有助于不斷追求生產力，從而侵蝕生活的其他領域)”和第四段“Plus,theproblemisn’tthatthebosstellsthemtodoit,butratherthattheyinternalizetheneedtoalwaysbeproductiveevenwhenthey’regoingsomewheretoenjoyleisuretime.(另外，問題不是老板讓他們這么做，而是他們把保持高效的需求內化了，即使他們要去某個地方享受閑暇時間)”可知，內化的需求是我們不斷追求生產力的原因，故選D項。10．推理判斷題。根據第一段“Doyoufeellikeyoushouldbedoingmoredespiteworkingfullhoursandnearingburnout?Youmaybeexperiencingproductivitydysmorphia(生產力畸形).(你是否覺得自己應該做更多的工作，盡管你已經工作了很長時間，幾乎筋疲力盡了？你可能正在經歷生產力畸形)”可推知，文章對“生產力畸形”的解釋——在極度疲勞的狀態下，仍然想繼續工作，對自己已完成的工作沒有成就感，故而“無論何時何地都在工作”符合定義，故選C項。11．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Somewritershaveevenbegundescribingrestasproductive,asifpeopleshouldstoprelaxingifitdoesn’timproveperformanceinsomeway.Notonlydoesthismindsetmakeitdifficulttoviewandcelebrateyourachievements,butitalsopushesyoutobuildyourentirelifearoundwork.Theonlymilestonesthatmatterareachievingworkgoals.Theworstpart?There’snosenseoffulfillmentwhenyoureachthesegoals.(一些作家甚至開始把休息描述為富有成效，仿佛如果休息不能在某種程度上提高工作表現，人們就應該停止放松。這種心態不僅會讓你很難看到和慶祝你的成就，還會推動你圍繞工作建立整個生活。唯一重要的里程碑是實現工作目標。最糟糕的是什么？當你達到這些目標時，你沒有成就感)”可推知，本文作者對一些作家的描述持否定態度。故選B項。7.【2023屆江蘇南京市鹽城市第二次調研試題】Amongmyfriends,onetopicseemstodominateourconversations:bones.Itmakessense,giventhat20percentofAmericanwomenover50haveosteoporosis(骨質疏松)andthatmorethanhalfhaveboneloss.Formen,thefiguresarelower:4percentandathird.Worldwide,oneoutofthreewomenover50andoneoutoffiveoldermenwilldevelopafracture(骨折).Anotherreasonfortheendlessargumentaboutboneproblemsismassconfusionoverhowbesttostrengthenyourbonesandwhetherdietreallymakesadifference.Dietresearchisalwaysmessy,andstudyresultsonnutritionandbonehealthhaven’tbeenconsistent.Butgraduallysomeclarityisemerging.Aswedrawupresolutionsforwhattoeat,it’susefultolookatnewdataonvitaminD．Calciumisthekeyclementforbuildingbones,andvitaminDhelpstoabsorbcalciumfromthefoodwecat,sodoctorsoftenremendDsupplements(補充劑)tomakeupforagerelatedboneloss.ButarecentstudyfoundthattakingDsupplementsforfiveyearsdidnotreducetherateoffracturesinseniors.Thatresultbuiltonearlierfindings,ledbythesameteam,thatthesesupplementsdonotimprovebonedensity(密度).“FoodandsunexposurelikelyprovideenoughvitaminDforhealthyadults,”saysMerylLeBoff,wholedthestudy.Whatdoeshelpmaintainstrongbonesforallofus?Theeasyanswerisfoodhighincalcium,suchasmilkandtofu.Gettingitfromfoodisbest,LeBoffsays,“becausetherearesomanyothernutrients(營養物質),andyouhaveamorecontinuousabsorptionthanwithDsupplements.”Theotherkeyelementofbonehealthinvolvescaloriesoutratherthancaloriesin.Weightbearingexercisestimulatesboneformationthroughoutlife.Sowhilefocusingonbetternutritionalchoices,addmoreexercisetoyourdailymenu.32．Whatdothestatistics