Unit5Grammar——Attributiveclause[Leadin]1．Therearemanyreasons_________thishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.2．EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry_________Chinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3．ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountry_________Germanwasspoken.4．Ifinallyunderstoodthereason_________mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.5．ThenIsawanadvertisementthatofferedawonderfulsummercourse,andthatwastheday_________Idecidedtotakeonanewlanguage.6．Thetime_________IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.TherelativeclauseintroducedbytherelativeadverbThereferenceandfunctionofrelativeadverbsrelativeadverbantecedentfunctionwhentime時間狀語whereplace地點狀語whyreason原因狀語1.關系副詞when引導定語從句時，先行詞應是表示時間的名詞，關系詞在從句中作時間狀語。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttotheGreatWall.Thedaywhenwegettogetherwillesoon.Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.[TIP]若時間名詞后面的定語從句的引導詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則改用which或that引導。Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?(that或which作spent的賓語)2．關系副詞where引導定語從句時，先行詞應是表示地點或抽象地點的名詞，關系詞在從句中作地點狀語。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Heisnowworkinginthefactorywherehisfatherworked.[TIP]若地點名詞后面的定語從句的引導詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則改用which或that。Theschool(which/that)wevisitedyesterdayisnewlybuilt.(關系代詞which/that在從句中作visited的賓語)3．關系副詞why引導定語從句時，先行詞常常為reason，關系詞在從句中作原因狀語。Thereasonwhyhesucceededintheexamisthathestudiedveryhard.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn'tetohisbirthdayparty?[TIP]reason后的定語從句的引導詞若在從句中作主語或賓語，則改用which或that。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.Iwon'tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.[Practice]對比填空：that,which,when,where,why(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays________westayedtogether.(3)Thereason________heexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound.(4)Thereason________hewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.(5)Keepthebookinaplace________youcanfinditeasily.(6)Thisisthehouse________wasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.Therelativepronounactsastheobjectofapreposition關系代詞作介詞的賓語時，為了使關系代詞與先行詞的關系更加緊湊，可以將從句中的介詞提到關系代詞前，形成“介詞＋關系代詞”結構。該結構中的關系代詞可用which，whom或whose。1．介詞的選用“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中的介詞可以依據與從句中謂語動詞的搭配、與先行詞的搭配或句子意義來確定。Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.Thisisthepilotwithwhommyfatherhasworkedfortenyears.[TIP](1)某些在從句中充當時間、地點或原因狀語的“介詞＋關系代詞”可以同關系副詞when、where和why互換。Istillrememberthetimewhen(＝inwhich)Iwasincollege.Thisisthehotelwhere(＝inwhich)theystayed.Thisisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)heleftinahurry.(2)有些“動詞＋介詞”短語，如lookfor，lookafter，sendfor，callon，eacross，longfor等，不可拆開把介詞置于關系代詞之前。Thedoctorthatyousentforhasnote.2．關系代詞的選擇“介詞＋關系代詞”既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。在此結構中，先行詞指人時關系代詞用whom，不可用who/that；先行詞指物時關系代詞用which，不能用that。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtabook.ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.3．“名詞/數詞/代詞等＋介詞of＋關系代詞”結構。有時“介詞＋關系代詞”前還會有名詞、數詞、代詞等，表示部分、整體、數量等概念。Theriver,thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees,flowstothesea.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomareteachers.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.[Practice]單句語法填空(1)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof__________hasbeenproved.(2)Myputer,without__________Ican'tsurftheInternet,brokedownyesterday.(3)Thegirlto__________youtalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(4)Ihaveabout10books,halfof__________werewrittenbyMoYan.ExerciseⅠ.單句語法填空1．Thereason__________shechangedhermindisquiteclear.2．Thedays__________theytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.3．Isawahouse,thewindowsof__________werebroken.4．Shehastwosons,bothof__________graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.5．Nobodyknowsthereasonfor__________shedidn'tattendthemeeting.6．Wewentthroughaperiod__________municationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.7．Thechildren,allof__________hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.8．Wevisitedthecarfactory__________myuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.9．Thisisthefactory__________Ivisitedlastyear.10．Theoldmanhastwosons,andbothof__________arelawyers.Ⅱ.句型轉換1．Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthevillageranawindingriver.→Wesettleddowninasmallvillage_______________ranawindingriver.2．Shehasthreesons.Allofhersonsareabroadnow.→Shehasthreesonsand_______________areabroadnow.→Shehasthreesons,_______________areabroadnow.3．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.Thirtyofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.→Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,_______________aregirls.4．Theschoolliesintheeastofthetown.Heoncestudiedintheschool.→Theschool_______________heoncestudiedliesintheeastofthetown.5．Doyourememberthedays？Onthosedaysweplayedtogether.→Doyourememberthedays_______________weplayedtogether?Ⅲ.補全句子1．Thereason_________________________wasthathewasillinbed.他不能到那里去的原因是他臥病在床。2．Wearelivinginanage____________________