14Discoveringusefulstructures目標導航目標導航知識精講知識精講【重點單詞】1．chargen．收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電(教材p.42)JudyandIhadourcarparkedinanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.朱迪和我把車停在特拉法加廣場附近的一個地下停車場，在那里我們可以給汽車電池充電。(1)freeofcharge 免費incharge(of) 負責，主管inthecharge(of) (由……)負責，主管takechargeof 負責，主管(2)chargesbforsth 因某事/物收某人的費chargesbwith 指控某人某事[佳句]Wealsohaveaswimmingpool,whichisopenalldayandfreeofcharge.我們也有一個游泳池，全天免費開放。2.announcevt.宣布；通知；聲稱(教材p.42)Whenwefinallyreachedtheservicedesktoaskforaudioguides,wehearditannouncedthattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.當我們最終到達服務臺要求提供有聲導游時，我們聽到服務臺宣布已經沒有有聲導游了。(1)announcesthtosb＝announcetosbsth 向某人宣布某事It'sannouncedthat... 據宣布……(2)announcementn. 宣布，聲稱makeanannouncement 宣布，通告(3)announcern. 宣告者；播音員；報幕員；解說員[佳句]Theteacherannouncedtheresultoftheexperimenttousatthebeginningoftheclass.在開始上課時，老師向我們宣布了實驗結果。3．amountn．金額；數量(教材p.42)WefoundourselvesverysurprisedbythelargenumberofvisitorsandtheamountofnoiseattheentranceoftheNationalGallery.我們感到非常驚訝，國家美術館入口處有大量游客和噪音。[佳句]Isuggestourteacherslimittheamountofourhomeworksothatwecanhavemoretimetoread.我建議我們的老師限制作業的數量，這樣我們就有更多的時間來閱讀。4．approachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近(教材p.42)Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.周圍有那么多人，很難接近那幅畫。(1)approachsb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物beapproaching 臨近，靠近(2)(an)approachto 接近，近似；(做某事)的方法(途徑)attheapproachof... 在……快到的時候[佳句]AsTeachers'Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratethisimportantday.隨著教師節的臨近，我們班決定舉辦一場晚會來慶祝這個重要的節日。[點津]同義詞approach,way,means,method等表達“做某事的方法”時，各自的搭配是：theapproachto(doing)sth；thewaytodo/of(doing)sth；themeansof(doing)sth；themethodof(doing)sth5．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的(教材p.42)Carlandhisfriendsstayedwithagenerousfamily...卡爾和他的朋友們住在一個慷慨大方的家庭里……(1)begeneroustosb 對某人慷慨begenerouswithsth 在某方面大方It'sgenerousofsbtodosth 某人做某事很慷慨(2)generosityn. 慷慨，大方；寬宏大量[佳句]Althoughheisnotrich,heisgeneroustohisfriendsintrouble.他雖然不富有，但卻對困難的朋友很慷慨。【語法解析】過去分詞(pastparticiple)是分詞的一種。規則動詞的過去分詞一般是由動詞加-ed構成，不規則動詞的過去分詞見不規則動詞表(見教材P114－P115)。[觀察例句]1．Beforetheshow，hundredsofexcitedvisitorswaitedintheirseatseagerly.2．eandreadthepoemwrittenbyaneight-year-oldboy!3．Ifeltmyselfoftenconfusedatfirst.4．Shehadherpaintingboxedsoitwasdeliveredsafely.[歸納用法]一、過去分詞作定語1．意義及物動詞的過去分詞作定語往往表示被動和完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動，只表示完成。(1)表示被動和完成apollutedriver一條被污染的河流thewateredflowers澆過水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被動fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起的太陽2．位置單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在所修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在后面，其作用相當于一個定語從句。Awatchedpotneverboils.[諺語]心急鍋不開。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那個學生是我女兒。3．現在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區別現在分詞作定語表主動或進行；而過去分詞作定語時，表被動或完成。形式語態時態過去分詞被動完成現在分詞主動進行Thecarbelongingtomyunclewasstolenlastweek.我叔叔的那輛車上周被盜了。Thebridgebuiltin2013wasdesignedbyalocalpany.2013年建造的這座大橋是由一家當地公司設計的。4．難點突破三種非謂語形式作定語所表示的內涵：done被動的動作已經完成beingdone被動的動作正在發生tobedone被動的動作將要發生Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天開的那次會議很重要。Allthemembersoftheteamhaveattendedthemeetingbeingheld.所有的隊員都出席了正在舉行的這次會議。Itissaidthatthereisameetingtobeheldinthehalltomorrow.據說明天這個大廳有一場會議要舉行。[即學即練1]單句語法填空①Someofthepeopleinvited(invite)tothepartycan'te.②Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelfstanding(stand)inonecorner.③Thetreesblown(blow)downinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.二、過去分詞作賓語補足語1．過去分詞作賓語補足語與賓語的關系過去分詞作賓語補足語與賓語有著動賓關系，賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者。HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.他看著那臺電視機被搬出了這個房間。Lastyeartheyhadthehouserebuilt.去年他們讓人重建了這所房子。[即學即練2]單句語法填空①You'dbetterhaveyourshoesmended(mend)．②Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaught(teach)thepiano.2．幾類能夠接過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞(短語)(1)表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞(短語)，如see，watch，observe，find，lookat，hear，listento，feel，notice，think等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽到有人用英語唱這首歌。Whenwegottoschool，wesawthedoorlocked.當我們到學校時，看見門鎖著。(2)表示“致、使”意義的動詞，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodbyusingverysimpleEnglish.他們用了很簡易的英語以使別人能聽懂。Don'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。[名師點津]“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”可以表示三種含義：①表示“讓某人做某事”I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要去理發。②表示“遭遇某種不幸；受到打擊”Hehadhiswalletstolen.他的錢包被偷了。③做某事(主語可能參與其中)Ihadmyhouserepairedlastweek.上周，我修補了我的房子。(3)表示“希望、要求”等意義的動詞，如like，want，wish，order等。Theteacherdoesn'twishsuchquestions(tobe)discussedinclass.老師不希望在課堂上討論這樣的問題。Thepolice，findingthefilmunhealthy，ordereditbanned.警察發現這部電影不健康，令其禁演了。[即學即練3]單句語法填空①Isawanoldmanknocked(knock)downbyacar.②I'dlikethejobdone(do)whenIebackfromthejourney.③Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimselfheard(hear)．3．“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結構在“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結構中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補足語，這一結構通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。Withwaterheated，wecanseethesteam.水被加熱后，我們才會看到水蒸氣。Shestoodinfrontofhim，withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他的臉。[即學即練4]單句語法填空①Anoldmanwasbroughtin，withhishandstied(tie)behindhisback.②Withalltheworkdone(do)，Ifeelveryrelaxednow.4．過去分詞/現在分詞/不定式作賓語補足語的區別(1)感官動詞后接復合賓語的比較感官動詞(短語)(一感：feel；二聽：hear，listento；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的賓語補足語主要有三種形式，試比較(以see為例)：see＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth.看見……,正在做某事,dosth.看見……,做了某事))\o(\a\al(（賓語與賓語,補足語之間為,邏輯上的主動,關系）)),done看見……被做（賓語與賓語補足語,之間為邏輯上的被動關系）))Iheardhergiveaspeechonhumanrightsjustnow.剛才我聽見她就人權問題發表了演講。(主動，完成)IheardhergivingaspeechonhumanrightswhenIpassedbythehallyesterday.昨天經過大廳時，我聽見她正在就人權問題發表演講。(主動，正在進行)TolearnEnglishwell，weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaspossible.為了學好英語，我們應該尋找機會并盡可能多地聽英語口語。(被動，無時間性)(2)使役動詞make，have，get，keep，let后加復合賓語的比較(以make，have為例)：①make＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.讓……做某事,（賓語與賓語補足語之間為,邏輯上的主動關系）,done讓……被做,（賓語與賓語補足語之間為,邏輯上的被動關系）))Hemadehisworkerswork12hoursaday.他讓他的工人們每天工作12個小時。He'dliketomaketheplancarriedout.他想讓這個計劃被執行。②have＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.使……做某事,doingsth.使……持續,做某事))\o(\a\al(（賓語與賓語,補足語之間,為邏輯上的,主動關系）)),done使……被做/遭受（賓語與賓語,補足語之間為邏輯上的被動關系）))have還可用于havesth.todo結構，該結構中have作“有”講，不定式作定語。Ihavesomethingurgenttoinformyou.我有很緊急的事要通知你們。(3)with復合結構中補足語的比較witheq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doing（表示主動、進行）,sth.done（表示被動、完成）,sth.todo（表示主動、將來）))Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhisworkfinished，hegladlyacceptedit.約翰收到一個晚餐邀請而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀請。Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle，thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.因為有很多難題要解決，這位新任總統的日子不好過。[即學即練5]單句語法填空①Listeningtomusicathomeisonething，goingtohearitbeingperformed(perform)liveisquiteanother.②Theboymadethebabylaugh(laugh)bymakingafaceathim.③Shefellasleepwiththelightburning(burn)．分層提分分層提分基礎過關基礎過關Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．TheLake________(pollute)bydailywastebeforeisnowcleanandclear.2．Thenewfilm____________(puton)yesterdayiswellworthseeing.3．Ispokealoudinordertomakemyself________(hear)bymygrandfather.4．Weseeanoldmansweepingthe________(fall)leaveseverymorningwhenwepassthepostoffice.5．Ourteacherwasveryworriedbecausetherewasonlyalittletime________(leave)forustofinishthistask.6．Generallyspeaking,thechildren________(bring)upbygrandparentstendtofeellonelysometimes.7．Itisamazingthathefellinlovewiththegirl________(dress)inaredskirtatthefirstsight.8．Asisknowntousall,TsinghuaUniversity,________(found)in1911,isoneofthetopuniversitiesintheworld.9．Therewasan________(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.10．Iwas________(surprise)tofindmyhometown________(change)somuch.11．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork________(plete),hegladlyacceptedit.12．Don'tleavethewater________(run)whileyouarebrushingyourteeth.13．Theyogaclub,________(open)lastmonthinourschool,ispopularamongwomenteachers.Ⅱ.完成句子1．他們正在開會討論這個人人都知道的嚴重問題。They'rehavingameetingtodiscusstheseriousproblem____________________.2．為了解決這個問題，我們應該滿足顧客提出的需求。Tosolvetheproblem,weshouldmeetthedemand______________________.3．使他吃驚的是，他沒有注意到錢包在公交車上被人偷了。Tohissurprise,hedidn't______________________onthebus.4．在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要動所有的菜。You'dbetter__________________________beforealltheguestsareseated.5．這位年輕女士發現她珍貴的項鏈丟了，很惱火。Theyoungladywasquiteannoyedto____________________.6．這對夫婦看到女兒在這家新托兒所受到很好的照顧，感到很滿意。Thecouplefeltverysatisfiedtoseetheirdaughter______________inthenewnursery.Ⅲ.短文語法填空Englishisalanguage1.________(speak)allaroundtheworld.Therearemorethan42countries2.________mostofthepeoplespeakEnglish.AndmostnativespeakersofEnglish3.________(find)intheUK,theUS,Canada,andmanyothercountries.Intotal,Englishisthemothertongueofmorethan375millionpeople.Anequal(相等的)numberofpeoplelearnEnglishas4.________secondlanguage.However,thenumberofpeoplewholearnEnglishasaforeignlanguage5.________(be)morethan750million.Inonlyfiftyyears,Englishhasdevelopedintothelanguagemost6.________(wide)spokenandusedintheworld.ForeignstaffinChinaarenotrequested7.________(learn)Chinese.Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentscantalkwiththemusingEnglish.YoucanlistentoEnglishsongs8.________theradiooruseEnglishtomunicatewithpeoplearoundtheworldthroughtheInternet.WithsomanypeoplemunicatinginEnglisheveryday,itwillbeemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.Believe9.________ornot,English10.________(enrich)ourlivessinceitcametoChina.答案：Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．polluted2.puton3.heard4.fallen5.left6.brought7．dressed8.founded9.excited10.surprisedchanged11．pleted12.running13.openedⅡ.完成句子1．knowntoeverybody2.madebythecustomers3．noticehiswalletstolen4.leaveallthedishesuntouched5．findhervaluablenecklacelost6.takengoodcareofⅢ.短文語法填空1．spoken2.where3.arefound4.a5.is6.widely7.tolearn8．on/over9.it10.hasenriched能力提升能力提升用本單元語法完成下面短文。Lastweek,Iservedasavolunteeratapetition_______________________________(由學生會舉辦的)to______________________________(提高我的交流技能).______________________________(被邀請的裁判)werefromGradethree.______________________________(所有感興趣的同學)wereallowedtoattendthepetition.______________________________(所有的準備工作完成),thepetitionwentonsmoothly.Atlast,thepetitionwasverysuccessful,andwewereallto______________________________(看到我們的努力被認可)bystudentsandteachers.

答案：heldbytheStudentUnionhavemymunicationskillsimprovedThejudgesinvitedAllstudentsinterestedWithallpreparationworkdoneseeoureffortsrecognised培優拔尖培優拔尖Ⅰ.閱讀理解ThefirsttimeIheardtheactualLondonBridgewasinLakeHavasuCity,Arizona.Ithoughtitwasajoke.Astupidjokeatthat.Imean,whatsortofmoronwouldtakeaperfectlygood,perfectlyfamousbridgeandmoveithalfwayaroundtheworldtosomenonametowninnorthwestArizona?Backin1962whenallthisstarted,LakeHavasuCitywasnothing.Acoupleofshops,acoupleofhomes,andnotourismatall.ItturnsoutRobertMcCullochisthemoroninquestion,andhewasn’tquitethemoronIthoughthewas.His2.45milliondollarinvestmentinthe130yearoldbridge—whichtheBritishgovernmentwassellingbecauseitwasabouttofallintotheThames—endedupbeingtheinvestmentofalifetime.YouseeMcCullochwasarealbusinessman,amongotherthings,andhismoneypaidoffbig.HeturnedLakeHavasuintooneofthemostvisitedtouristattractionsinArizona.Ittookninelongyearstotakedownthebridge,shipitbrickbybricktothemiddleofnowhere,andbuilditupagain.Whenitfinallydidopenupin1971,itwasahugedealcoveredbytheinternationalpress.Thebridgeisnowapopulartouristattraction,andthere’sevenamini“EnglishVillage”atthefootofthebridgewithsouvenirsandrealBritishfoodsoyoucanhaveagoodoldtime.NowadaysLakeHavasuisabusytownwithapopulationofabout56,000citizensandanother2.5millionvisitorseachyear.Mostofthatisduringspringbreakwhenthetownoverflowswithenergeticboysandgirls.EvenMTVandtheGirlsGoneWildpeoplegetinontheaction.Allthankstothatlittlebridge.Idon’tknowaboutyou,butI’msavingmypennies.WhentheFrenchgetsickofthatEiffelTower,I’llbethefirsttoputmoneyonit.It’lllookgreatinmybackyard.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。著名的倫敦橋被英國政府出售后從英國移建到美國,使得哈瓦蘇湖城(LakeHavasuCity)由一個無名小鎮成為旅游勝地,這一切都是因為一位目光遠大的商人——RobertMcCulloch。1.Theunderlinedword“moron”inthefirstparagraphmeans“______”.

A.abravepersonB.afoolishpersonC.afamousperson D.astrangeperson【解析】選B。詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后信息“wouldtakeaperfectlygood,perfectlyfamousbridgeandmoveithalfwayaroundtheworldtosomenonametown”可知,作者認為把一座狀況完好的,著名的橋拆下穿過半個世界的路途移建到某個不知名的小城鎮是愚蠢的人做的事,故B項與畫線詞同義。2.WhatwasLakeHavasuCitylikebefore1962?A.Itwasagoodplaceforinvestment.B.ItwasknownforitsEnglishVillage.C.Itwasasmalltownwithnotourism.D.Ithadapopulationof56,000citizens.【解析】選C。細節理解題。根據第一段最后兩句可知,1962年之前,哈瓦蘇湖城是個沒有任何旅游業的小鎮,故選C項。3.WhydidtheBritishgovernmentputtheLondonBridgeupforsale?A.ItpollutedtheThames.B.Itwasnolongerpopular.C.Itwasgoingtofalldown.D.Itcouldbringthemtheneededmoney.【解析】選C。細節理解題。根據第二段第二句中的“whichtheBritishgovernmentwassellingbecauseitwasabouttofallintotheThames”可知,因為橋即將坍塌落入泰晤士河,所以政府要賣掉它,故選C項。4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortriestobe______.

A.polite B.friendlyC.practical D.humorous【解析】選D。推理判斷題。作者在最后一段中指出,當法國人厭倦了埃菲爾鐵塔時,他會第一個出錢購買,把埃菲爾鐵塔放在自己家的后院。由此可知,作者是以幽默的語言結束文章的,故選D項。Ⅱ.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Haveyoueverhadproblemsinyourlife?Haveyoueverwonderedhowtobehappy?Ifso,youwillfindthebookBeingaHappyTeenager1.________(write)byanAustralianwriterAndrewMatthews2.________(use).

Inhisbook,Matthewstellsushowtohaveahappylifeand3.________(answer)thequestionsofteenagers.

Therearemanysubjects,suchasparentsandfriend